International Journal of Ayurveda and Pharmaceutical Chemistry

3

Authors: Pooja

Amavata is a disease which is comparably correlated with Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in modern science. It is an auto immune disease. Amavata is a disease in which there is vitiated vata and accumulation of ama in joints. A patient suffering from multiple joint pain, swelling in both legs and hands, poor appetite (mandagni), backache with no past history of Diabetes mellitus and hypertension for the past 5 years was admitted to our hospital. Her quality of life was improved and there was symptomatic relief after few weeks of ayurvedic treatment.

4

Authors: Sachin Dethe, Archana Kukade

Spoiling in unsalutary daily life and diet patterns precedes to digestive disorders, disrupted bowel habits and constipation due to Agnimandya. One most important condition occurring from all these is Gudarsha. It has been notorious to mankind for a period and one of the ordinariest diseases to alter human being. It is revealed in ‘Ashtamahagada’ classification (cluster of diseases which are difficult to treat) by Sushruta and four fold therapy is supported for Arsha viz. Bheshaj (Pharmaceutical treatment), Kshar karma (Herbal acidic paste locally), Agnikarma (thermal heat burn) and Shastra karma (Surgical Procedure). At this time, we are describing a patient of gudarsh treated with Arshohar malhar and is found effective in reducing symptoms such as per rectal bleeding, pain, and size of pile pedicle. The current study was carried out to demonstrate the beneficial effect of application of Arshohar malhar in Malhar formula in initial internal haemorrhoids

5

Authors: Nandini Shah

Recurrent infections has adverse effects on normal growth and development of the child. Tonsillitis is the inflammation of the tonsils two oval shaped pads at the back of the throat which are immune systems first line of defense. Tonsillitis hampers the quality of life due to its recurrent attacks. Tonsillitis is very common in pediatric practice. There are about 74,55,494 cases of Tonsillitis in India per year. Modern medicine provides symptomatic relief but does not check the recurrence and also has side effects. Moreover, chronic conditions are often treated by tonsillectomy which also has its own complications/drawbacks. So, there is a need to find out a safe and effective remedy which not only relieves the symptoms but also increases wellbeing. It can be traced by unsheathed treasure of Ayurveda. Tonsillitis can be corelated with Tundikeri in Ayurveda. Tundikeri is caused by Agni mandya, Kapha and Rakta dosha due to improper diet, poor oral hygiene and sedentary lifestyle. Ayurveda provides different treatment modalities to cure diseases. This paper is an attempt to highlight the clinical picture of Tundikeri and its management through Ayurveda.

5

Authors: Shrividya1

Most of the skin diseases are described under heading of Kusta roga in Ayurveda. One of them is Dadru kusta most common dermatological condition seen in clinical practice with features of Kandu, Raga, Pidaka, Udgata, Mandala. More to add the incidence contagiousness of Dadru is increasing due to tendency of unclean habits and sharing clothes. High moist environmental temperature added with overweight and obesity precipitating increased sweating predisposes to high incidence of the Dadru in general population. This illness exhibits a prompt response if treated carefully. Chakramarda is a drug which helps in treating the dadru kusta as the synonym dadrughna. Chakramarda possess properties such as katu, ruksha, laghu, kaphavatahara, which helps in treating the dadru Kushta. A 49-year-old female was examined for Tinea infection. Detailed history, microscopic examinations with 10% KOH was done on skin scrapings revealed the presence of fungi. The treatment of kusta includes shodhana, shamana and bahirparimarjana where the topical application played a supreme result within a short course of time.

5

Authors: Amrutha R Prabhu

Menstrual cycle in Ayurveda is called Rituchakra, consists of three phases - Rajasravakala, Rutukala and Rutuvyateetakala. Its proper onset denotes a normal functioning H-P-O axis and healthy reproductive system. Ritumaticharya plays an important role as a preliminary purificatory procedure which prepares women for healthy conception. Rajaswalacharya is the regimen laid down from the 1st day to three consecutive days of menstruation. It includes Bhramacharya, avoid religious customs, use of Darbhakushashayana , use of Ajarjarapatra , avoid all types of ornaments , cosmetics such as lepa, Anjana, Abhyanjana , avoid laughing , talking loudly and excessively etc. The food advised during these days should be Laghu, Snigdhaguna, Sheetaveerya, Madhuravipaka. In recent times there has been a drastic lifestyle changes with abundance of food and more sedentary existence leading to a metabolic, endocrinal, reproductive functional imbalance. The erratic life style and increased stress and strain have resultantly expanded the Dushti of Artava and Artavavahasrotas. As a result, the diseases of Artava are manifested in the form of Ashtaartavadushti, Asrigdara, Yonivyapad, and leading to a major threat i.e. infertility. So, following Rajaswalacharya & Pathyaapathya is the need of hour to reduce the morbidity in Artavavahasrotas.

6

Authors: Shruti D Vinchhi

Introduction- Patoladi Kwath is herbal compound formulation mentioned in Chakradatta Amlapitta Rogadhikara. It contains Patola, Dhanyak, Sunthi and Musta. Whereas another indications of the formulation are Mandagni, Jwara, Chhardi, Daha, Shoola, Ama and diseases caused by provocation of Tridosha. Materials & Methods- Patoladi Kwath was subjected to Pharmacognostical and Physico-chemical analysis such as microscopic study, loss on drying, ash value etc. Results & Discussion- The Pharmacognostical study showed the presence of contents such as; spiral vessels of Patola, vittae cells of Dhanyak, starch grains of Sunthi, cork cells of Musta etc. The Pharmaceutical analysis showed that the loss on drying value 5.12%, pH Value 7.5, Alcohol soluble extract 8.4%, Ash value 5.9% etc. HPTLC study of Patoladi Kwath revealed 4 spots at 254 nm and at 366 nm each. Conclusion- The present work was carried out to standardize the finished product Patoladi Kwath in terms of its identity, quality and purity. Pharmacognostical and Physico-chemical observations revealed the specific characters of all active constituents used in the preparation.

6

Authors: Swanand Avinash Joshi

The state of health of a human physique depends on the balance of the Dosha, Dhatu and Mala. Moreover, in Sthaulya (Obesity) and Karshya (lean stature), the balance of Doshas may vary irrespective of the vitiation of Meda-dhatu which has a key role in building up these conditions. Sthaulya is comprised among the eight social and physical unhealthy categories of human physique by Charaka. Charaka has mentioned Guru and Apatarpana aahar-vihara as the treatment protocol for sthaulya. The prime aim of this paper is to analyse the drugs and food materials with Guru Guna and Apatarpana properties given in Charaka Samhita with respect to their effect on three doshas

6

Authors: Radhakrishna Reddy D, Ravi R Chavan2 and Shivalingappa J Arakeri

Introduction A case report of 55 year old Male who complained of a non-healing chronic ulcer with pain, itching, blackish discoloration of left leg since 1 year Materials and Methods The subject who approached Shalya Tantra OPD of Taranath Government Ayurvedic Medical College, Ballari was systematically reviewed and Dustavrana line of intervention was planned. Results The Dustavrana was turned into Shuddhavrana within 21 days of treatment as shown in photographs. Discussion As Dusta vrana refuses to heal or heals very slowly inspite of best efforts. To achieve approximation, early healing and acceptable scar without complications it’s been managed with multiple treatment modalities like prakshalana, dhoopana for vranashodhanartha and lepa, leech application for vrana ropanartha and vrana bandhana for early healing were followed. The symptoms like pain, discharge etc., has markedly reduced after 1 st & 2nd sitting of leech therapy.

6

Authors: Santosh G Girbide, Priti Ramchandra Sutar2 , Savita R Gudade3 , Milind Kamble4 and Pooja Singh

In modern and ayurvedic science, the concept of ageing is described. This denotes the value of ageing in ancient and also in the modern era. Modern science puts the various theories regarding this topic, while ayurvedic texts described it as “Jara”. Ayurveda described ‘Jara’ at minute level. According to the modern science, the ‘Free radicle theory’ is the popular theory among different theories. Other side, yoga told us about Aasana, Pranayama, Anuloma- Viloma, Suryanamskara etc. regimen in day to day life. Besides that, ‘Chyavanaprasha Avaleha’ of Ayurveda becomes more popular among society. Now days, various anti - ageing therapies are also come in light.

7

Authors: Deshmukh Pooja Gopalrao

Ayurveda is the life science with prime goal of promotion of health & prevention of disease. Now a day’s human being are vulnerable to many disorder due to their altered life style & food habit. Among such life style disorder Vatarakta is one of them. It is a Vatpradhantridoshaj Vyadhi where Rakta is Dushya which is affected by distinct etiological factors like sedentary life style along with mental stress, consumption of unhealthy food & highly protein diet, excessive alcohol intake etc. It is caused by Mithya Ahara Vihar that is irregular or unwholesome diet and regimen in prone individuals. It is characterized by severe pain, tenderness, inflammation and burning sensation in affected joint. These causative factors are unwholesome for the disease and can aggravate the condition.Hence, the first line of treatment for this disease is ‘Nidanparimarjana’, for that it is necessary to understand the Nidan of Vatarakta. This disease is controlled by adopting certain life style modification & certain Ayurvedic modalities viz. Shodhan and Shaman chikitsa it can be cure.

7

Authors: Deepika P, Shrilatha Kamath T2 and Dhaneshwari H A

In Ayurveda system of medicine, diseases are mainly classified into Shareerika Roga and Manasaroga based on the Adhistana. To manage these, chikitsa has been categorized into three types i.e., Daivavyapashraya, Yuktivyapashraya and Satvavajaya. Faith is a part and parcel of human psychology. Daivavyapashraya is a sort of faith therapy being used in the management of both Shareerika Roga and Manasaroga. The methods adopted are chanting Mantra(hymns), Oshadhi(tying medicinal plants),Mani(wearing of gems), Mangala(performing auspicious ceremony), Bali(oblations), Upahara(offering), Homa(performing yajna), Niyama(religious observance), Prayashchitta(atonement), Upavasa(fasting), Svastyayana(chanting of auspicious hymns), Pranipata(surrendering to god) and Yatragamana (going to pilgrimage) etc. Purpose of this conceptual study is to understand the concept of Daivavyapashraya Chikitsa in Ayurveda. Among trividha chikitsa, Daivavyapashraya Chikitsa has been mentioned in the beginning because of its “Ashukaritva”. It acts as Vyadhihara because of Devaprabhava.

7

Authors: Amruthavalli G V, Aruna V2 and Gayathri R

Kabsura kudineer is a Sastric Siddha Medicine indicated for the fever and respiratory illnesses. It contains 15 herbs in equal proportions and are from varied plant parts like root, rhizomes, leafs, buds etc. Because of this, density variation will occur when they are packed together. Even if they were pulverized to equal size these variations likely to occur and results in uneven dosage. This also results in poor quality of product which in turn effect the efficacy. The present paper gives the insight of the variations and how to overcome the dosage and quality limitations with ‘extract embedment technique’. Details are presented in the paper.

7

Authors: Arun Mohan M K, Sariput N Bhosikar

Water resources are the water sources which are potentially useful for the humans. Water is necessary because it is needed for the life to exist. Water pollution has become a global issue today. Unsafe or inadequate water consumption causes a variety of health problems and even death. Increased industrialization and globalization have contributed to the deterioration of the water quality. Almost all the natural water resources have been contaminated up to varying degrees. Now, it became a necessity to purify water before consuming. Ayurveda is the science of life and it has solutions to all our problems. Patalaparibhadradi Agada is a formulation mentioned in Astanga Samgraha, in the context of purification of water. It has become the need of the hour to explore the classical water purificatory formulations and to validate them under the modern scientific settings.

8

Authors: Harinakshi B

Introduction: Menstrual cycle is a physiological periodic process occurring in women for most part of their lifetime. It is of paramount importance that the Stree is in good health not only for her own well-being but also for the well-being of the impending offspring. It is also important that Stree is prone to health risk if there is imbalance of Doshas in her body. Similarly, the quality of Artava also determines the health of the menstruating Stree and if there is any imbalance then the same may result in Artavakshaya or pathological conditions like dysmenorrhea, menhorragia etc., Objectives: To find physiological and psychological changes occurring during Rutuchakra based on a sample study of 210 individuals and to interpret the results obtained with respect to Ayurveda. Methodology: Elaborate questionnaire (objective questions) is used in 210 healthy menstruating women between the age group 14-45 years for the study from wide strata of society, the main criteria of assessment is physiological and psychological impact during different phases of Rutuchakra. Observation: Based on the Study, it is found that there is overarching prevalence of Vata Dosha during Rajahsrava Kala (menstrual phase) which lead to symptoms like low back pain, abdominal pain, muscle cramps, general malaise. During Rutukala (ovulation) there is overwhelming predominance of Kapha Dosha which displays Rutumati Lakshanas such as enthusiasm, high level of alertness, improvement in skin texture cutting across all age groups. Finally, it is found that there is predominance of Pitta Dosha during Rutu Vyateeta Kala (pre-menstrual) wherein the women experience heightened anxiety, confusion and facial skin eruptions etc. Conclusion: Women during Rutuchakra face tremendous difficulty in coping with the physiological and psychological changes. During Rajahsrava Kala women display profuse intensity of low back and abdominal pain due to inherent predominance of Vata Dosha, Rutukala period is the most productive (enthusiasm) phase due to inherent predominance of Kapha Dosha and during Rutuvyateeta Kala there is predominance of Pitta Dosha which resulted in anxiety, malaise, sleep disturbance etc.

8

Authors: Santosh G. Girbide

Psoriasis is characterised by well-defined erythematous plaques with silvery scale it is chronic, relapsing inflammatory skin disease. It is one the most dreadful dermatological condition. In India an estimated 1 to 2% of the population is suffering from psoriasis. Due to resemblance of signs and symptoms Psoriasis can be correlated with EkaKushtha, which comes under Kshudra Kushtha described in Ayurveda. According to Acharya Charak, Ekakushtha is due to vitiation of Vata & Kapha. The clinical feature of Ekkushtha described by Acharya Kashyap represents remission, relapse and seasonal variation which are present in Psoriasis too. It is a chronic Tridoshaja disorder with pathological involvement of Rasa, Rakta, Twak, Lasika etc. Modern medical science treatment of psoriasis is not satisfactory and drugs used in treatment may have serious side effects. In present case study a 43 years old male patient with chronic relapsing Psoriasis (Ekakushtha) was treated through basic ayurvedic principles i.e. Nidana Parivarjana, Shodhana (Raktamokshana) and Shamana. After treatment patient showed marked improvement in his symptoms like itching and discolouration, with resolution of scaly plaques.

8

Authors: Aakanksha Sharma, Pramod Mishra2 , Rahul Parashar3 , Abhishek Rajpurohit4 and Vijay Bhushan Sharma

Coronavirus disease or COVID-19 is an infectious communicable disease. W.H.O. declared it Pandemic. The virus is newly discovered that causes COVID-19. The virus is mainly transmitted through droplets when a COVID-19 infected person coughs, sneezes, or exhales. These droplets are too heavy and settle down on floors or surfaces. One can be infected by touching the contaminated surfaces and then touching eye, nose, and mouth and by breathing in the air within close proximity of someone who has COVID-19, most people infected with COVID-19 have mild to moderate symptoms. In this present situation everyone is panic due to spread of the pandemic. Meanwhile asymptomatic covid-19 cases catch attention of everyone in the world. Many surveys and researches have shown that around 40% of the covid-19 cases are asymptomatic. W.H.O. also claimed that asymptomatic cases very rarely spread disease. The main reason behind asymptomatic cases can be the immunity, but still it is a question that without any specific immunity the can general immunity work? Ayurveda has answer of every query. In charak Samhita and various Ayurvedic texts our ancient Acharyas has mention the different body types according to Sara, Samhanan, Dosha Dushya and prakriti etc. These factors determine the disease intensity in different person.

9

Authors: Anjali Kumari M U

Background: Burn wounds is the fourth most common type of injury worldwide. Approximately 90% of burns occur in low-to-middle income countries. Tinduka (Diospyros malabarica (Desr.) Kostel) has been classically as well as traditionally used for burn healing but scientific evidence remains unclear. Aim: The study was carried out to evaluate the wound healing activities of Tinduka twak kwatha in Wistar albino rats. Materials and methods: Partial thickness burn wound model were selected for the current study using 3 groups with 6 rats in each group. Group I was assigned as control, Group II was treated with Standard-Silver sulphadiazine, Group III was assigned as trial group which was treated with Tinduka twak kwatha. All drugs were applied topically at the burn site. The parameters observed were wound contraction, eschar fall day, complete cure day and histopathological observation. Results: The percentage of wound contraction in Tinduka twak kwatha group is statistically significant increase on 8th and 16th day, highly significant increase on 12th, 20th, 24thday and better on 28th day. Significant decrease in duration of complete cure day was found in kwatha group. Good regeneration was observed in histological study in kwatha group. Conclusion: Tinduka twak kwatha was effective in burn wound healing.

9

Authors: Garima Gupta, Rajendra Kumar Soni2 , Prabhakar Vardhan3 and Gulab Chand Pamnani

In Ayurveda, Prameha describes as Darun Gadah because of having so many complications (Subahuupdravada) and involving all three Mahamarmas. Inclusion of Prameha in Ashtamahagada shows the importance of this disease given by our Acharyas in ancient time. Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a complication of diabetes, and Diabetic macular oedema (DME) is a further complication of diabetes. It can present in eyes at all levels of DR and lead to vision impairment and blindness. The risk of development of blindness in diabetes increases by 20-25 times as compared to the healthy population. The high prevalence rate of diabetic retinopathy (35.4%), proliferative diabetic retinopathy (7.2%), diabetic macular oedema (7.4%) and vision-threatening diabetic retinopathy(11.7%) in diabetes show the importance of this disease which led to the search and analysed the disease process (Samprapti) according to the Ayurvedic aspect based on common pathogenesis and different Timira Vyadhi mentioned in Ayurvedic text. Thus, the present study endeavours to establish a possible co-relation of Madhumeha/Pramehajanya timira with diabetic macular oedema and its possible pathogenesis from the Ayurvedic perspective. The presence of Kledata in the Rakta and Raktavaha srotas, the involvement of all three Doshas and Saptadhatu along with four internal Drishtipatalas of the eye are affected in Pramehajanya Timira in different stages of the disease. In Madhumeha, two types of pathology, Dhatukshayajanya and Avaranajanya have an essential role in the development of diabetic retinopathy due to prolonged uncontrolled hyperglycaemia. In Dhatukshaya, Dhatus are excreted from the body, which causes some pathological events and results in the development of DME. Four types of Srotodusti, i.e. Attipravritti, Sanga, Siragranthi, and Vimarga gamana, also plays a significant role in the development of DME.

10

Authors: Amrit Malik, Sudhir Malik2 , Sapna Kaushish3 , Rimpaljeet Kaur4 and Chinky Goyal5

We come across a number of insects daily, albeit Honey bee plays an important role in life of human beings and became a part of their culture. Now a days Apiculture (domestication & culturing of honey bee for Honey as well as other items like wax) is developing in rural areas through many schemes conducted by KVIC (Khadi and Village Industries Commission), Government of India for employment in the Rural India. A venture has been undertaken in present review to compile detailed information regarding characteristic features of Bee and their types, Origin and types of Honey Bee, its life cycle with special emphasis on Apis Cerana (commonest Bee found in India).

11

Authors: Harikishan Bamoriya, Rani Singh2 and Shachi Chandil

The unique methodology exhibits in Ayurveda is Panchakarma with specifically intended five procedures of internal purification of the body through the nearest potential route. Panchakarma has a full therapy role as a promotive, preventive, rehabilitative & curative procedure. Ayurvedic Panchakarma includes five major Ayurvedic procedures with many allied procedures which intend to cleanse the body along with suitable internal medication that can provide good enhancement in quality of life. Based on Ayurvedic principles and own experiences, the Ayurvedic scholars or practitioners in South India have modified certain techniques and found them quite effective. Afterwards, these procedures got promoted as Keraliya specialties of Panchakarma. Dharaakalpam, Pindasweda, Annalepanam, Kayasekam and Sirosekam are some of these practices. These procedures are specialized varieties of Snehana and Swedana which have more nutritive/nourishing effect than bio-cleansing or depleting effect.

11

Authors: Manna Mathew, Jayshree Changade2 , Nilima Gangale3 , Varghese Jibi4 and Sneha Nambiar

Kshaya or degeneration is a gradually progressive deterioration and loss of function in the tissues. As vriddhavastha proceeds it leads to kshaya of all the dhatus. This aggravates the vata dosha. Sandhigata vata is a disorder which nearly affects all the aged people. On the basis of symptomolgy it resembles with that of osteoarthritis. Bala and Atibala are ayurvedic drugs which is vatapittahara in nature and commonly used in management of Vatavyadhi. Ksheerapaka of bala and atibala has an additional nutritive value along with curing the disease and hence the study is taken to see the efficacy in Sandhigatavata.

12

Authors: Nand Kishor Prasad Kushbaha

Dyslipidemia is an abnormal amount of lipids in the blood. Dyslipidemia may be manifested by an elevation of total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol and triglycerides concentration and decrease in HDL cholesterol concentration in the blood i.e. presence of one or more abnormal serum lipid concentration. Dyslipidemia is becoming one of such lifestyle disorder leading to multitudes of diseases like cardiovascular diseases, strokes, metabolic syndrome and even hypertension. Dyslipidemia is a condition which shares a lot of similarity in pathogenesis and clinical presentation of Medoroga. Medoroga is a condition in which there is abnormal and unequal elevation and collection of Medodhatu in the body. In comprehensive Ayurveda literature Medoroga has been synonymously described as Sthoulya. Which has been explained under Ashta Nindita Purusha. The incidence and the magnitude of the problem are on constant rise due to changing lifestyle, environment and dietary habits etc. The treatment strategy is to implement lifestyle changes including diet and exercise, antiobesity and lipid lowering drugs. Gavedhuka Yavagu and Madhu is one such combination explained in Brihattrayee for Medoroga. In Charaka Samhita, Apamarga Tanduleeya Adhyaya explains that the combination of Gavedhuka and Madhu are Karshana (Emaciating) in nature. On the basis of above reference,a study is planned on anti-dyslipidemic activity of Gavedhuka Yavagu and Madhu in albino rats.

13

Authors: Disha Diwakar

Women play a multidimensional task in fulfilling various roles in life. Health of the women not affects herself, but also influences the society as she is considered to be the direct reproducer of future generation. Menstruation marks the beginning of physiologic maturity in girls and has a significant role in her journey throughout. Painful menstruation affects the quality of women’s life to a great extent. Diet and lifestyle play a pivotal role in the causation of disease as well as treating the disease keeping in mind the present study was taken. OBJECTIVES: To identify the influence of food habits in Udavartini yonivyapad w.s.r to primary dysmenorrhea, to identify the influence of lifestyle in Udavartini yonivyapad w.s.r to primary dysmenorrhea, To study about Udavartini yonivyapad and Primary dysmenorrhea. METHODOLOGY: The study was retrospective case-control study. A questionnaire was framed based on the common food and lifestyle of people in and around Udupi district. These formulated questionnaires were given to subjects aged between 18- 35 years and fulfilling the inclusion criteria through screening and were segregated into two groups of 90 each. The data was collected and analysed using IBM SPSS software version 20. RESULTS: After analysing statistically, out of 50 questions in the food habits domain 22 foods had significant value and 2 foods had highly significant value. Among 20 questions in the lifestyle domain, 11 questions showed significant result and 3 questions showed highly significant results. Food items like packet foods, chats and lifestyle factors like stress, irritation, and mood swings showed highly significant result in causing dysmenorrhea. Most of these were found to increase the vata dosha and also hormonal imbalance. Comparatively lifestyle factors had more effect on dysmenorrhea than that of food habits.

13

Authors: Rimpaljeet Kaur1, Chinky Goyal2 , Shivali Chopra3 , Rajpreet Singh4 and Amrit Mallik5

Gout is the most customary variety of incendiary arthritic condition which occurs when uric acid crystals accumulate in the joints, and is often kindred with hyper-uricaemia, also called crystal-induced arthritis. Gout has reported an upsurge in recent decades influencing approximately two percent of the citizenry at some place in their lives. The present review deals with Gout which includes its general description, history, etymology, definition, purine metabolism, its aetiology and associated factors, clinical features, complications, diagnosis and investigations, differential diagnosis, prognosis and management. The disorder has been considered for the study keeping in mind the dire need of the hour to understand the disease so as to find some safe, sure and permanent cure effective for the same.