International Journal of Ayurveda and Pharmaceutical Chemistry

6

Authors: Harsha Mohan1 *, Vidya Ballal2 and Mamatha K V

It is only a woman who can enjoy the joy of siring a baby and giving birth to the child. Acharya Charakacharya is indicated that healthy yoni is needed for receiving the sperm and for conception to occur. Combination of four factors like rutu, kshetra, ambu and beeja are necessary for conception.1 In Ayurveda Classics have described twenty types of yonivyapath and complication of yonivyapath states that beeja will not enter into the yoni.2 Among them Vathala yonivyapath are extensively seen as one of the causes of Vandhyatwa. Vathala yonivyapath can be co-related to Endometriosis due to similarity of symptoms like toda, vedana. 3,4,5,6 The ailments can be understood through the concept of nidanapanchakas. 7,8, As the severity of the endometriosis increases, adhesions become more common and the chance of natural conception decreases. There is some references shows that relation between infertility and endometriosis. Patients with endometriosis mainly complain of pelvic pain, dysmenorrhea, and dyspareunia. Women with endometriosis tend to have a lower fecundity and ovulatory disorders. For justifying vathala yonivyapath as one among the cause of vandhyatva can be understand with the above statement. An effort has been made to justify vathala yonivyapath with its symptoms similies Endometriosis, with infertility.9 Thus this study has been taken to logically justify on conceptional on a par with modern basis.

7

Authors: Pavithra1 * and Ravindra Angadi2

Ayurvedic system of medicine is endowed with innumerable number of formulations for the purpose of treating diseases. But the choice of suitable drug and dosage form is left to the physician. Hence physician should understand the significance behind the mentioning of different kalpana in the context of a disease with same or different combinations of drugs. This can be achieved by knowing the concept of samskara and its influence on the property of drug and also other factors which affect chikitsa. This paper deals with the various aspects to be thought of while choosing a single kalpana among many in the same disease with suitable examples.

7

Authors: Harish. G1 *, Santhosh K2 and Ahalya S

Introduction A case report of 21 year old female who complained of itching associated with pain in left ear, which aggravates during night time. Endoscopic examination of the left ear revealed Otomycosis due to Candida albicans. Materials and Methods The subject who approached Shalakya Tantra OPD of Government Ayurvedic Medical College, Bangalore was systematically reviewed and Kaphahara line of intervention was planned. Results The External Auditory canal of left ear was clear after 6 days of treatment as shown in photographs. Discussion Otomycosis is common fungal infection where treatment should be continued for a week even after apparent cure to avoid recurrences. Ear must also be kept dry as a preventive aspect. Avachoornana, a unique and quick acting procedure told in Ayurveda classics is discussed in the present study, in the context of Otomycosis.

7

Authors: Aktthu Suresh*and Vidya Ballal

Objective: To evaluate the effect of Vishnu taila on estrous phase of wistar albino rats. Method: The study was carried out on 4 groups of rats with 6 rats each. First group was the standard group, second group was given with Vishnu Taila orally, third group with Ovral L and fourth group with Ovral L followed by vishnu taila. The drug was administered orally for 21 days. Daily vaginal smear was observed to see the estrous phase. Result: The study revealed the predominance of estrous phase in Vishnu taila treated rats. Conclusion: From the above study it can be concluded that Vishnu taila can be administered to improve the estrous phase in wistar albino rats.

7

Authors: Rashi Sharma1 * and Sunil Kumar

Beauty is defined in Ayurveda as 'Subhanga Karnam' which is basically transformation of body as well as mind to most auspicious stage. Our body is in constant phase of transformation. Managing this process of transformation is key to radiant beauty. Abhyanga not only improves texture and complexion of skin but also reduces muscle tension, improves circulation, induces better lymph drainage, stimulates both endocrine and exocrine systems. Today's lifestyle leads to development of immense stress which adversely affects beauty. Abhyanga reduces Cortisolthe stress hormone, thereby delays ageing process. Stress increases Vata thus making skin dry as well as signs of ageing are reflected onto skin. Abhyanga helps to pacify Vata Dosha. In classics of Ayurveda, Abhyanga has been mentioned as part of Daily regime (Dincharya) and also used in management of various ailments. An effort to explore the concept of Abhyanga, its effects on different body systems and its ultimate outcome that is Beauty has been highlighted in this paper. An effort is made to present the relationship between Abhyanga and Beauty.

8

Authors: Mrunali Diwase1 *, Maneesha Kothekar2 and Aparna Karnad

Ayurveda has described an important factor of digestion and metabolism in our body as Agni. Ingested food is to be digested, absorbed and assimilated, which is unavoidable for the maintenance of life, and is performed by Agni. In Ayurveda, the term “Agni” is used in the sense of digestion of food and metabolic products. Agni is said to be Pittoshma i.e. the combination of Pitta and Ushma. Agni can be correlate with digestive fire as it performs functions such as digestion & metabolism. According to modern science, gastric juice, enzymes functioning at gastrointestinal level, all are responsible for digestion, absorption and metabolism. Function of Agni is likely to be compared with gastric juice and different enzymes. Agni is responsible for strength, health, longevity, therefore it is necessary to understand the power of Agni & its assessment to maintain health of a healthy individual.

8

Authors: Simi Scaria1 *, Rajalaxmi M G2 and Padmakiran C

Migraine is an episodic attack of headache which is characterized by pain in half side of the head most of the time. Ardhavabhedaka is mentioned under Shiroroga, and the symptoms having the similarity with migraine in modern parlance. The drugs which are used for migraine in contemporary science are less acceptable because of its side effects. Ayurveda comprises variety of natural medications in the treatment of various types of shiro roga. Nasya karma is considered as the best Panchakarma procedure in urdwa jatrugata vikaras, by Acharya Charaka. Varunadi ksheera Ghrita is mentioned by Acharya Vagbhata in Ashtanga hridaya Uttara tantra in the context of Shiroroga Chikitsa. So, an attempt has been made to assess the efficacy of Varunadi ksheera Ghrita Nasya in the management of ardhavabhedhaka / migraine in this single case study.

8

Authors: Arun Gupta1 *, L P Dei2 , C R Harisha3 and V J Shukla

Background: Since ages, Ayurvedic formulations are used as a colic and spasmodic pain relieving medications. Shool Prashaman Dashemani is a group of ten spasmodic pain relieving group of herbs described in Charaka Samhita. Shool Prashaman Dashemani Churna is constituted of Piper longum (dried fruits) (Dried roots), Piper retrofractum (Dried roots), Plumbago zeylanica (Dried roots), Zingiber officinalis(Dried rhizomes), Piper Nigrum (Dried fruits), Carum carvii (Dried fruits), Cymium cuminii (Dried fruits), Cleome viscose (Dried seeds), and Coleus forskohili(Dried roots).Standardization of herbal formulation is essential in order to assess the authenticity, quality and purity of herbal preparation. The present paper reports standardization of this polyherbal preparation which can be a potential anti-spasmodic preparation. Aim: To develop the pharmacognostical and pharmaceutical profile of Shool Prashaman Dashemani Churna. Materials and Methods: Shool Prashaman Dashemani Churna was prepared as per the classical methods and subjected to pharmacognostical, organo-leptic, physico-chemical analysis and HPTLC examination by optimizing the solvent system. Results and Conclusions: Pharmacognostical profile of Shool Prashaman Dashemani Churna was established by observing the characteristic pharmacognosical markers of the authentic drug sources in powder microscopy of the finished product. Physico-chemical standards were found to be within the permissible limits of a churna preparation as per the standards prescribed by the Ayurvedic Pharmacopeia of India. HPTLC fingerprinting profile demonstrated 15 spots at 254 nm and 5 spots at 366nm

8

Authors: Sarika S Dange

Psoriasis is a long lasting autoimmune disease characterized by itching, dryness of the skin and white silvery scales. The prevalence of psoriasis in India is estimated to be between 0.44% and 2.8%. The psoriatic lesions are produced due to rapid skin cell production due to various etiological factors.At present only oral as well as topical corticosteroids are the main stay in the management of psoriasis, but it is still a challenge to the modern medical science. The signs and symptoms of Psoriasis can be correlated with KitibhKushta as described in Ayurvedic system of medicine. In Ayurveda, all skin disorders are described under the broad heading of Kushtawhich is being further divided into two typesi.eMahakushta and Kshudrakushta. Kitibhkushta is one of the types of Kshudrakushta which is commonly encountered in today’s clinical practice. It is a type of Vata-Kapha predominating skin disorder with the involvement of Rasa, Rakta, Twak as important Dushyas. This paper highlights a case study of KitibhKushta (Psoriasis) treated with the Ayurvedic principles of SthanikShodhan and Shaman chikitsa.

8

Authors: Thejus Antony1 *, Radhika Ranjan Geethesh P2 and Aktthu Suresh

Indian alchemy is popular in the name rasa shastra. This branch got popularized in the first century AD and Achayra Nagarjuna is considered the prime Person of Indian Alchemy. In rasa shastra the dravyas are classified as Maharasa, Uuparasa, Sadharana rasa etc. Rasa aushadees are fast acting even with minimal dose1 . Kasisam is an important rasa drug in Ayurveda. It's is included under uparasa2 . It is basically an iron compound hence it is an excellent drug for iron deficiency anemia. Not only for anemic conditions but also it can be used in Netra Roga, Vatha Kaphaja rogas, Switra roga Kshaya roga3 etc. Now a days most of the diseases are due to over nourishment. Kasisa Bhasma is an excellent medicine for diseases due to over nourishment (bruhmana janya vyaadhis). In Rasa Tharangini 21st chapter description about Kasisa can be obtained, where in one method of Kasisa shodhana and two types of Kasisa marana are mentioned4 . In this article Kasisa bhasma prepared by these two methods are discuss along with the easiness, difficulties and importance of each method.

9

Authors: Sriyash Dubey1 *, Parinita Dubey2 and Ritu Singh

As new era is arriving with new researches, new diseases are also being in search. These diseases are given new names which are not mentioned in our text and it is not necessary to know every disease by its name, we can treat it by analyzing Dosha-Vaishamyata. Anukta is not only a word but a key which is helpful to understand those concepts which are told by Acharyas indirectly i.e. helpful to understand new diseases, drugs and formulations which is the requirement of present era. Anukta means unsaid and unarticulated. With specific reference to Ayurveda, those convictions which are not directly or specifically mentioned in Ayurvedic texts due to fear that can elaborate Grantha more, is Anukta. Vyadhi Awastha or Anukta Vyadhi can be understood by studying subtle changes in Vriddhi, Kshaya and Sthana of Dosha particularly. Dushita Doshas are main causes for all diseases. All the different kind of diseases cannot be devoid of the Doshas. Dosha in Ayurveda are categorized in two parts Shareerik Dosha and Manasik Dosha. Balanced condition of these Doshas is state of health. If DoshaVaishamyata is properly understood than new and upcoming diseases pathogenesis will be easy to understand, which will be helpful in their treatment that had been carried out by this study.

9

Authors: Alka Sharma1 * and Niranjan Rao

Kustha is considered as a bahudosha avastha janya vyadhi which involves tridosha, rasa, rakta, mamsa, lasika for the manifestation. Psoriasis is one of the most common dermatological disease. It is a chronic inflammatory skin disorder clinically characterized by well-defined erythematous plaques with silvery scale with predilection for the extensor surfaces and scalp and a chronic fluctuating course. The prevalence is approximately 2% in European populations. Hence by considering all these facts acharya’s advised repeated administration of various types of Shodhana line of treatment. Virechana is one among the Shodhana procedure, which is explained in classics for expulsion of vitiated pitta dosha. Here vyoshadi yoga was selected for virechana karma. It is an open clinical study with pre -test and post -test design; where in minimum of 20 patients diagnosed as psoriasis fulfilling the inclusion criteria will be subjected to Virechana Karma. Multidimensional assessment of psoriasis was done, before and after the treatment with psoriasis area severity index (PASI), Auspitz sign, and candle grease sign. Results obtained were analysed for the statistical significance using Wilcoxon signed rank test for qualitative data and paired t- test for numerical or qualitative data. The statistical analysis showed that there was statistically significant improvement in parameters like Erythema, Scaling, and Itching. Hence, Vyoshadi yoga can be effectively used in management of psoriasis for shodhana karma.

10

Authors: Amit Mishra1 *, Neha Prajapati2 , ReeteshRamnani3 and K Shankar Rao

Rasasindura is a famous Ayurvedic Kupipakwa Rasayana formulation containing Mercury and Sulphur as major ingredients. Now a day’s Bahirdhuma Rasasindura is in common practice but final product is expensive and yield is less. Moreover, the Sulphur fumes which come out during the preparation pollute the environment. This study was focused on preparation of Rasasindura in Antardhuma process and to establish standardization of the method. Medicine was prepared in EMF (Electrical Muffle Furnace) method and observations were recorded. Obtained product was subjected to organoleptic and physico-chemical analysis.Final product was Red in colour as mentioned in classical text. Average yield of the product is 90.4%. Antardhuma Rasasindura preparation is simple, economical, better yielding, eco-friendly and superior to Bahirdhuma method.

10

Authors: Pradnya Y Meshram*, Vandana S Shinde2 and Sushil V Chawre

Ayurveda is the eternal science. Ayurveda has described pandemic conditions as Janpadodhwance and Janmar with their treatment and guidelines in Charak Samhita and Bhel Samhita respectively. Symptoms of COVID 19 can be correlated with Aupsargic Rogas described in Sushrut Samhita. Acharyas gave guidelines to treat such conditions. To apply this knowledge one should have faith in Ayurveda and with the help of Yuktiguna, we can apply this knowledge for the betterment of mankind. Herbal drugs have proved their effectiveness for a long time in rare diseases. There are no evidence-based therapies for the Covid-19 pandemic to treat the patients successfully. The Vaidyas had attempted to create Siddhamrutkwath formulation with the help of Yuktiguna, and textual knowledge, at Ayurvedic OPD in the crisis of the COVID -19 pandemic. With the honest feeling of social responsibility, drugs in the powder form for decoction were freely distributed among 2000 subjects including COVID warriors like health care workers, policemen, and staff nurses. In short term consumption of medication, improvement was seen in Ras-raktadidatu and signs-symptoms of flu-like conditions. It was also seen that Siddhamrutkwath had better results in stress management and as a preventive measure in COVID 19 pandemic. So an effort was taken in a scientific way to present this work in the frame of the research.

11

Authors: Ruchi Sharma1 * and Mangala Jadhav2

Rasa Shastra is an important branch of Ayurveda that is developed for achieving the alchemical and therapeutic benefits from Mercury and other minerals and metals. Ayurveda prakasha text of time period between 16-17 century deals with dehavadha and lohavadha both. That means the use of metals, minerals are for both alchemical and therapeutic purposes. This text has mentioned the 18 sanskaras of parda. We can rely more on this book as author of this text has stated in the starting itself that he had only wrote those facts and procedures that are authentified by him. He had not wrote all the facts and theories that he learned from the guru or other acharya instead he firstly experimented them on himself and when found beneficial then it was noted in text.

11

Authors: Navya K1 *, Arhanth Kumar A2 and Shrikanth P H

Background Ashraya Ashrayi Sambandha (AAS) is the contribution of Acharya Vagbhata, as in Samhita Kala (1500 BC to 5th century AD)the use of this terminology is not seen though the ideas were woven around the same view. It can therefore be said that it was one of the deductions of Acharya Vagbhata who composed the text after collecting information from many Ayurveda treatises particularly Charaka Samhita and Sushruta Samhita. PanchavayavaVakya(PAV) is a unique Research methodology tool which was used for Sthapana of a Pratijna. Objective: This paper aims at analysing AAS between Pitta, Rakta and Sweda by using PAV. Method: Literary study has been done to understand PAV, a Research methodology tool used in Darshana Shastra and under Vadamarga in Charaka Samhita. An attempt has been made to understand the AAS between Pitta, Sweda and Rakta by applying this tool. Observation: It was observed with this tool that Pitta, Sweda and Rakta form one group in our body showing a natural association for the purpose of bringing about Temperature homeostasis

11

Authors: Radhika Bhat1 * and Sushmitha VS

Introduction Integrative medicine is talk of the hour. Integrative health care often brings conventional and complementary approaches together in a coordinated way. For bringing about this kind of approach there is a need to understand the developments that are ongoing in both the branches. Here in this article the differences and similarities between basthi treatment in Ayurveda and enema in contemporary medicine are compared. Materials and methods: Many different articles and books were taken into account by using appropriate key words. They were inferred and interpreted in a unique way to blend to the topic of interest and understanding in a different light which can be used for the further review and practical approaches. Results and Discussion: Different types of enema in contemporary medicine are compared with that of basthi treatment in Ayurveda. Its advantages, differences and similarities were analyzed. This shows how better they can be understood and chosen for the treatment. Also, this can help in the development of the streams of medicine. Conclusion: Different types of enema explained in contemporary system of medicine and basthi in Ayurveda can be easily correlated. But mode of action and indication of basthi as per Ayurveda is far stretched. Also, number of diseases are being treated in Ayurveda by basthi. Hence an integrated approach on its usage and more researches on this aspect can be a boon to mankind.

12

Authors: Kumar Manoj and Gehlot Sangeeta

Ayurveda is the first systematically written record of medicine in the world, originated in India. Ayurveda is called ‘science of life’ and exists prior to prevedic period. In many Ayurvedic texts we get highly rich description of medicine including plant origin .Tephrosia purpurea is a plant of Fabaceae family and Leguminoseae (Papilionateae) Sub-family, commonly known in Sanskrit as‘sharapunkha’. Nighantuadarsh has given the etymology of the word Sarapunkha(Sharasya iv punkhahyasyasah) generally means Sara, an arrow and punkha, the wings;i.e, if both the ends of its leaf are held and pulled, edges like that of an arrow are formed hence, the name is sharapunkha. It is also called plihashatru, meaning an enemy of the spleen (splenic diseases).The plant grows throughout India and Western Himalaya up to height of 1500 meters. It is a perennial herb grows 30-60 cm. in height, with spreading branches. Whole plant and various parts of the plant are useful as ayurvedicmedicines. Medicinal uses of drugs are tonic, laxative, diuretic, , and cures disease of heart bronchitis, boils, pimples, splenic diseases, tumours, enlargement of liver and spleen, diabetes and skin diseases act as blood purifier. The recent pharmacological studies have shown that Sharapunkha(Tephrosia purpurea) possess various activities such as antiulcer, antimicrobial, antibacterial, anti viral, anti asthmatic,hepatoprotective, antihyperglycemic and antihyperlipidemic, immuno modulatory activity, antioxidant, wound healing property, ant allergic. Recently it has attracted the attention of the scientists all over the world, for its hepato-protective and stimulant activity. The present review highlights the description of Sharapunkha(Tephrosia purpurea) in Ayurvedic lexicons, morphology, chemical constituents its traditional uses ,tribal uses and uses as extract level to exploreSharapunkha(Tephrosia purpurea) as a potent herbal drug.

12

Authors: Saritha A K 1 *, G Shrinivasa Acharya2 and Shailesh Y

Background: The innumerable manifestations of skin diseases can be brought under the term Kusta. Kitibha Kusta is one among the Kshudra Kusta with symptoms like Krishna shyava pidaka (blackish brown skin lesions) with Kinaghara sparsha (rough to touch) associated with Kandu (itching) and Parushata (hard to touch) which mimics the disease Lichen planus which is an inflammatory condition of the skin and mucous membrane. It is triggered by the immune response of the body and it is presented itself with maculopapular primary skin lesions and secondary scaly lesions. Case Presentation: A female patient aged 16 years presented with the complaints of skin rashes in the body which are blackish red in colour, rough to touch associated with itching, burning sensation, minimal scaling and reduced appetite since 4 months. Management & Outcome: For the chronic lingering diseases like Kusta, the Vyadhihara rasayana (disease specific rejuvenation) are advised. Tuvaraka rasayana (Hydnocarpus laurifolia) was advised to the patient after Virechana Karma (therapeutic purgation) starting with the dose of 5ml. After 3 months of the treatment there was significant reduction in the signs and symptoms of the disease with a 60% improvement in the condition. Discussion: Kusta which involves the Bahudosha avastha (excessive accumulation of morbid dosha) can be best treated with Shodhana (therapeutic elimination of the morbid dosha) therapy. Virechana karma is superior in managing Raktapradoshaja vikara (diseases due to morbid rakta) like Kusta. Rasayana chikitsa is paramount in controlling the disease process of chronic diseases like Kitibha Kusta as proved by the results.

14

Authors: Balraj Tamta1 *, Ruby Rani Agarwal2 , Shobhit Kumar3 and Pallavi Bhushan

Disease like diabetes which emerged as 7th biggest cause of death in India & is likely to double in next decade, diabetes mellitus is also known as ojo-meha and till date no study has been done to evaluate the status of ojodusti in madhumeha1 . The present study has been selected with an assumption that, as the diabetes progresses, the quality and quantity of the Oja disturbs in the form of vyapad, vishransh & kshaya that makes patient prone for many symptoms & diseases ranging from mild, moderate to severe. Main purpose of the study is to assess the status of the Oja in diabetic patient with the help of sign & symptoms given in Ayurvedic classics2 . By taking into consideration of the above facts, in this study 40 patients of Madhumeha were screened with the help of self prepared questionnaire to assess the status of Ojas in diabetic patients.

16

Authors: Chaitra B 1 *and Niranjan Rao

Acharyas have appreciated Basti as a unique form of treatment modality. It can be easily performed in all the age group persons; whereas other Shodhana procedure cannot be performed. Basti karma is the best choice of treatment for Vata dosha and Vata associated with Kapha and Pitta. Vata is responsible for Gati Gamana, which is required for Shareera Vyapara. Charaka specifically gives importance to treat the Sthanika Dosha first then Sthanantara dosha. Pakwashaya is said to be the main seat of Vata dosha. Adopting treatment modality like Basti Karma will help in bringing Vata into its normalcy. Hence, it is to be considered as one of the suitable treatments for diseases of Vata dosha predominance; supporting to this Vagbhata says it as “Ardha chikitsa”. Parkinsonism is the most common form of a group of progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the clinical features including bradykinesia, rest tremor, muscular rigidity, shuffling gait and flexed posture. Prevalence of Parkinsonism is about 0.3% of the whole world population in industrial countries and is more common in elderly and prevalence rises from 1% in those over 60 years of age to 4% of the population over 80 years. Parkinsonism can be understood by term to vatavyadhi (avaranvatavyadhi). Panchaprsrutiki basti mentioned in charaka samhitha sidhi stana mentions its phalasrithi as vatagna and balavarana krutha. So this study was taken up to manage Parkinsonism in better way in low cost.

20

Authors: Mangala Jadhav1 and Ruchi Sharma

Prevalence rate of fungal infection is found to be 20-25% worldwide according to WHO. Nowadays oral and topical antifungals are used to treat these fungal infections. But due to its increased use, people developed resistance against this drugs. This led to rise in identification of some safe herbal drug or formulations which can be used to treat these infections and they show good efficacy and safety. Ayurveda has mentioned a skin disorder, dadru whose symptoms resemble with that of fungal infections. So treatment of dadru can be investigated in fungal infections. For that it’s important to understand the meaning and symptoms of dadru, its correlations with fungal infection and its treatment mentioned in ayurveda and allopathic science. Also, in ayurvedic literature there are ample of pharmaceutical formulations mentioned for the treatment of dadru. In this study an attempt has been made to compile all the data about dadru, symptoms, treatment and formulations mentioned in Charak samhita, Sushrut samhita, Asthang sangrah, Madhav nidhan, Bhavprakash, Yogratnakar, Sharangdhar, Rasa ratna samucchya and rasa tarangini in one place so that researchers can use it and further evaluated them in preclinical and clinical studies for its efficacy and safety.