International Journal of Ayurveda and Pharmaceutical Chemistry

6

Authors: Akshara Dubey and Namrata Khobragade

Gati or movement is mainly caused by vata dosha. Pitta dosha and kapha dosha takes the help of vata dosha for its movement as said by Acharaya Sharangdhara (Sh.pu.5/25). When these doshas get vitiated by intake of apathya aahar vihar, moves to different part of body and manifest disease. Doshas also travel in different parts of the body without getting vitiated for normal physiological function of the body, and this type of dosha gati is called PRAKRIT DOSHA GATI. VAKRIT DOSHA GATI causes illness. Acharya Charak has mentioned different type of dosha gati in KIYANTAHSHRISHIYA chapter of sutra sthan .

6

Authors: Amar Kumar Verma

Swarna Bhasma has been used for physical and mental growth and for prevention of diseases for ancient times. It works as immunomodulator and by increasing the immunity it prevents many diseases. Nowadays, vaccines are used for prevention of diseases. Specific vaccine is used to prevent specific disease and there is no vaccine for many diseases till now. There are many adverse effects of vaccination. Therefore, vaccination is not perfect method for prevention. Swarnaprashan improves the immunity which prevents many diseases and there is no any adverse effect of swarnaprashan. Therefore, swarnaprashan is better option for prevention.

7

Authors: Sriwidya Bharati and Swapna Bhat

With the present day trend of consumption of spicy, fast food and having a sedentary lifestyle, there has been increase in the incidences of urinary tract disorders, namely Urinary Calculi. The process of formation of urinary calculus is termed as urolithiasis. This condition can be correlated to mutrashmari which has been well identified and explained in detail by acharyas in Ayurveda. The folklore practitioners of Kerala and Tamilnadu region make use of seeds of the plant Ensete superbum to facilitate the expulsion of urinary calculi. Ensete superbum is a species of banana which can be found in Western Ghats and is commonly called as rock banana, cliff banana or wild plantain. In this case study, effect of Ensete superbum seeds in the management of mutrashmari has been clinicaly elicited. A 48 year old male patient approached to the OPD of Karnataka Ayurveda Medical Hospital, Mangalore; presenting with signs and symptoms of mutrashmari. Diagnosis was confirmed by ultrasonography test. Patient was asked to consume the powder obtained from 3 crushed seeds of Ensete superbum along with milk, in morning empty stomach and in the evening for the duration of 10 days. The patient felt significant improvement in symptoms within 10 days and also noticed the expulsion of calculi with the urine passage. The seeds of the plant - Ensete superbum prove to be a potent drug for Ashmari bhedana & nirharana activity.

7

Authors: Abhishek Saxena, Bhanu Priya Kaushik and Uttam Kumar Sharm

Obesity is described as a metabolic disorder. An individual is generally considered obese when he or she is 10 per cent or more above the ideal weight for the sex, age and height.The fact that few people who eat more are thin, while those who eat less are obese, is due to difference in basal metabolic rate and difference in amount of energy needed to carry out a given work. Obesity has adverse effects on both mortality and morbidity. Treating obesity is considered as a challenging job in any system of medicine. In ayurveda it is explained as sthoulya, which lead to problem at the level of meda (fat). This excess fat cause increase of digestive fire as a result the person eats more and excessive fat gets accumulated in the body. For obese person ayurveda explains different shodhana procedures (detoxification process). Virechan (therapeutic purgation) is one of the important shodhana procedure. Herbs used for virechana karma expels out the toxins in the body by purgation. Virechan reduces the level of lipids in the body in two ways1. By Reducing the synthesis of excess lipids 2. By Increasing the excretion of excessively produced lipids Hence, method for the elimination of the excess lipid is achieved by these two ways by performing virchana karma and this procedure can be used in various metabolic disorders especially in context to obesity.

7

Authors: Devendra Kumar and Shrinidhi Kumar K

Shwitra is one of the common skin disorders with cosmetic importance and characterized by lesions in the form of white patches over the skin surface with maximum incidence of childhood onset. This not only interferes with beauty and general outlook of the child but it is also considered as social stigma, which ultimately afflicts the social and behavioral pattern of the child. Incidence of Shwitra is 1% to 2% in children. Ayurveda considers it under Kustha and same as been named as vitiligo or leucoderma in contemporary medical science, with basic pathology of hypopigmentation due to the absence of melanin underneath the skin due to various causes. As treatment options available in contemporary medical sciences are very limited and unsatisfactory, patients are eagerly looking at Ayurveda for better and permanent treatment for the same. An 8-year-old male child diagnosed with Shwitra and presented with hypo pigmented patch over the left leg and ankle area measuring 10x5 cm dimensions was treated with Trikatu Churna orally and Gajlindalepa as an external application with Gomutra for 2 months with follow up on once in every 7 days. With all required diet and life style modifications. At the end of 2 months patient had shown significant reduction of hypo pigmented patch with replacement of normal skin pigmentation. Details of case with history, clinical finding, treatment, progress, etc will be discussed on full paper presentation.

7

Authors: Deepti Negi, Vipin Kumar and Sheetal Verma

Autoimmune diseases occurs when body's self tolerance fails, resulting in reaction against one's own healthy cells and tissues. Uveitis is commonest ocular disease found in association with autoimmune disorders such as RA, Wegner's granulomatosis, SLE, Reiter's disease, Multiple sclerosis, Vogt- koyanagi- Harada disease and Behcet's disease. Uveitis refers to inflammation of uveal tissue with or without subsequent damage to the cornea, lens, retina, vitreous and optic nerve. About 25% of blindness in India is attributed to uveitis. In Ayurveda uveitis can be correlated with Sashophakshipaka, which is a Tridoshaja Sadhya Vyadhi categorised in Sarvagata Netra Roga and can be treated with different local ocular therapeutics described under Kriyakalpa and Panchkarma in Ayurvedic classic context. In modern medicine reducing inflammation with the help of corticosteroids, NSAIDs, immunosuppressant, and cycloplegic agents are the treatment option for uveitis. However, it further leads to ocular complications like Glaucoma and cataract. So in present paper attempts are made to explore effects of Kriyakalpa and Panchkarma in uveitis (Sashophakshipaka).

8

Authors: Mangala Jadhav and Priyanka K Tayade

Gandhak is an important drug in Rasashastra used since ancient times. It is known for its best antimicrobial action and choice of drug for various disorder such as kustha, kandu, twak vikaras etc. Gandhak Druti is one of the unique preparation of Rasoushadhi (metallic and mineral preparation) mentioned in Rasa Tarangini, Rasa Ratna Samucchay and Ayurved Prakash. Objective-The present study was undertaken to evaluate Antimicrobial and Antifungal activity of Gandhak Druti against two bacteria Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and fungi Candida albicans. Method-Gandhak druti prepared according to the procedures mentioned in classics. Inhibition of microbial growth was investigated using diffusion method. Result-The data will be assessed for its antimicrobial and antifungal action. Conclusion-The result of this Research work will serve as effective quality tool for inhibition of skin disease by using Gandhak Druti.

8

Authors: Jasmine John, Ajantha and Shashirekha K S

Chronic non healing ulcers cause considerable morbidity especially in old people. Diabetic ulcer of the leg can be life threatening causing complications such as diabetic ketoacidosis and septicemia. Jati is a drug mentioned among kushtaghnagana in Ayurveda and studies have shown its antimicrobial effect against various micro organisms. In current study, action of aqueous extract of Jatipatra (Jasminumgrandifloruml.) for sensitivity against Staphylococcus aureus derived from pus of non-healing ulcer subjected to culture is evaluated. From this study, it is evident by observation and result of mean zone of inhibition that aqueous extract of Jatipatra possesses antimicrobial action against the bacterium Staphylococcus aureus. Further it is also evident that as the concentration of aqueous extract of Jatipatra increases the zone of inhibition for Staphylococcus aureus also increases.

8

Authors: Alok Kumar Asthana, Monika Asthana and Dimple Aggarwal

Lifestyle diseases mainly includes faulty way of living, addictions, lack of physical activities and faulty diet. But no-one is paying attention over the ill-effects of this Digital India. Regular and continuous use of electronic gadgets especially mobile phones create havoc in the quality of life of an individual. One of the lifestyle disorder is caused due to regular usage of cell phones that are the need of this trending era. It silently affects the anatomical posture of neck which further results in painful conditions called as text neck. Text neck is a modern term defined as repeated stress injury and pain in neck resulting from excessive watching or texting on hand held devices over a sustained period of time. It can be better managed by chakra healing and yoga practice. Chakra healing mainly of agya chakra, also known as master chakra as it directs and control the other major chakras and causes them to light up which further energizes the whole body. It directly acts on the pituitary gland, endocrine gland and brain to a certain extent. As every bit of physical exercise needs energy which is activated by agya chakra. Followed by this, certain yoga postures should be done to alter the body posture and movement, relaxing and stretching of the muscles and related connective tissues. For example- Bhujangasana (strengthen the muscles supporting vertebral column), Marjarasana (improves flexibility of spine). Through this article, I would like to draw attention towards a new emerging disease called as text neck – a modern cell phone disease.

9

Authors: Shrilatha Kamath T, Nishanth Pai K and Veena G Rao

Hartnup's disease is a rare disease due to abnormal absorption and excretion of tryptophan and other aminoacids. It presents with bilaterally symmetrical erythema at the sites of solar exposure. The dermatitis begins in the form of an erythema with acute or intermittent onset gradually changing to an exudative eruption on the dorsa of the hand, face, neck, and chest with pruritus and burning. The condition is correlated to Vatarakta based upon its presentations. The case presented here is managed by Rasayana (Rejuventing) medicines which rectified the pathology of Vatarakta and relieved the symptoms.

9

Authors: Veena G. Kanthi and Lokhande Jitendra S

Jwarakesari Rasa is one of the herbomineral compound explained in Rasendrasarasangraha1 and indicated in Jwara disease. To establish standards for quality control this project was undertaken. Purity of Parada after Shodhan was found 98.45% (Purity of impure mercury was 98.08%). Purity of Gandhaka after shodhana was 98.62% (Purity of Gandhak in Ashodhit i.e. impure Gandhaka was 98.27%) Bulk density of Gandhaka of ashodhit Gandhak was1.9433 gm/ml & of Shodhit was1.9614gm/ml. Jwarakesari rasa had shown Moisture content 11.40%, pH value 6.37%, Total Ash 3.42%, Acid insoluble Ash 1.80%, Water insoluble Ash 2.96%. In elemental analysis Jwarakesari Rasa shows Mercury content 11.12%, Sulphur content 36.87%.

9

Authors: Ashutosh Dubey, Sukumar Ghosh and Shailendra Kumar Singh

Low back pain is a symptom which is present in 40% of patients of which 10% cases experience pain which is radicular in origin and convert into Sciatica syndrome. Gridhrasi is a disease in which the pain starts from buttocks and radiates towards the legs thus cripples the life of an individual. The present study was conducted at Institute of Post Graduate Ayurvedic Education & Research, Shyamadas Vaidya Shastra Pith Hospital on 60 patients of Gridhrasi which was divided into three groups. Group A: 20 patients treated with oral intake of RasnadiGutika in the dose of 1g twice daily after meal for 30 days. Group B: 20 patients treated with Kativasti and PatraPindaSwedana for 30 days and Group – C: 20 patients treated with oral administration of RasnadiGutika in the dose of 1g twice daily after meal along with Kativasti and PatraPindaSwedana with Erandatailafor 30 days. The result was found to behighly significant in group C. Drugs like Rasna and Guggulu plays an important role in subsiding the symptoms of this disease as they possess sothahara, vedananasaka property and Kativasti and PatraPindaSwedana is the key for overcoming from this type of diseases.

10

Authors: S Srinidhi and M Ashvinikumar

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Vamana is a procedure in which apakva pitta and shleshma are expelled out with force from mouth. It is mainly indicated in kaphaja and kaphasamsrushtavyadhis. Most commonly used drug for vamana is madanaphala.The other kalpanas of madanaphala like patra, pushpa and twak. The patras are available throughout the year unlike the phala which is to be collected in the mid of vasanta and greeshmarutuin pushya, ashwini and mrugashiranakshatras. Samskara has been mentioned for madanaphala whereas no samskara is required for the usage of patras. METHODOLOGY Thirty subjects fulfilling the inclusion, exclusion and diagnostic criteria of ekakushta(psoriasis) were selected for the study. Vamana was conducted with madanaphala patra choorna(20g) + saindhava lavana(5g) + madhu(Q.S). The signs and symptoms were assessed by using assessment parameters before and after the vamana karma. RESULT There was significant relief in the assessment parameters of ekakushta(psoriasis) after vamana karma like asvedana, mahavastu, matsyashakalopamam, kandu, auspitz sign, candle grease sign and PASI score. The mean time for commencement of vamana vega was 18.23 minutes, mean duration of vamana was 69.63 minutes, mean vegas was 7.07, pittanta vamana was observed in 20 subjects, kaphanta vamana was observed in 10 subjects, madhyama type of shuddhi was achieved in 16 subjects and samyak vamana lakshana was seen in 29 subjects, improvement in the assessment parameters were observed. CONCLUSION Statistically significant improvement was seen in all the assessment parameters of ekakushta(psoriasis) with madanaphala patra choorna as a vamaka yoga.

10

Authors: Amruta Vedpathak, D T Kodape, R.S. Dhimdhime and A K Pattar

Prameha is fast growing health hazard and silent killer. India has more diabetes than any other country in the word. In Ayurveda Prameha is also called as Maharoga as it affects multiple body organs and sites. All hetus which leads to Prameha (Diabetes mellitus) vitiates the kapha dosha maximum. Hence in Prameha (Diabetes mellitus) all types of kapha dosha are imbalanced. In Ayurved Samhitas relation between kapha dosha and prameha (Diabetes mellitus) are described. If does not treated it can leads to many complications. Diabetic patient have big problem of taste. To know the graveness of the disease and to understand the role of etiological factor as Bodhak kapha for preventive aspect of this disorder. Aim: To study the Bodhak Kapha in patients suffering from Prameha. Material and Methods: Patients who had classical signs and symptoms of Prameha were selected for the study from O.P.D. and I.P.D. of our Hospital and madhumeha camp was arranged at our hospital. Age group 30 to 70 years male and female patients were selected. The known cases of Prameha patients were subjected for the study. Observation and result: Statistical analysis shows that the taste appreciation function of bodhak kapha is more get affected in group patients who have uncontrolled blood sugar lavel. Conclusion: This study concluded that bodhak kapha qualitatively get affected in Prameha (Diabetes mellitus).

11

Authors: Karthika Rajagopal and Athira Mohan M O

A Branched Retinal Vein Occlusion is one among the common retinal vascular occlusive disorder. The main risk factor for the disease includes hypertension. Hypertension is present in up to 73% of Retinal Vein Occlusion patients over the age of 50 years and in 25% younger patients. BRVO is associated with variable amount of loss of vision. Ascontemporary science has concerned the effective treatment of BRVO is a questionable area, in this scenario Ayurvedic approach for the same deserves an important position. Also Ayurveda could assure a well cost effective management in such cases. One such male patient aged 38 years old who was working as a driver consulted OPD of VPSV Ayurveda College Hospital, Kottakkal for the complaints of blurring of vision of left eye since 3 weeks. He was diagnosed as a case of BRVO and it was confirmed with Fundus examination and optical coherence tomography (OCT).The case was correlated to sannipathika timira with pitta-kaphapredominance based on the similarities in etiopathology, symptomatology and total clinical presentations. So treatment started by focusing on the vitiated pitta and kapha dosha. He was treated with thalapothichil, lepa,internal medications, seka, nasya,and anjana.Assessment was done before and after treatment by analysing visual acuity and OCT.Both showed the remarkable improvement after 4 weeks of treatment. It could be maintained well after a period of three months follow up.

12

Authors: Veena G. Kanthi, P. K. Kolambe and R.S.Sarashetti

In this study of preparation and physico-chemical analysis of the Kajjali with Samagun (equal quantity) Gandhak &Dwiguna Gandhak(double quantity ) with one part mercury (Parad), Samaguna Kajjali showed Nischandratwa symptoms in 48 hours, where as in dwiguna Kajjali it was seen in 46 hours. In analytical study the % of Parada in Ashodhit Parada was 98.66%, where as in shodhitaParada it was 99.38%. The % of Gandhak in Ashodhit Gandhaka was 98.6%, where as in shodhit Gandhaka it was noted 99.08%. M.P. of Ashodhit Gandhaka was 1160 c, but in shodhit Gandhaka M.P. was noted 1180 c. In physico-chemical analysis of both the Kajjali shows – SamagunaGandhaka Kajjali – Moisture content - 0.74% Mercury - 46.62%, Total sulphur content - 53.09%, Free sulphur content - 2.46%, Ash content - 0.102%, Water insoluble ash - completely insoluble, Acid insoluble ash - 0.029% In DwigunaGandhaka Kajjali – Moisture content – 0.86%, % of Mercury – 38.12%, Total sulphur content – 63.04% Free sulphur content – 5.30% Ash content – 0.128% Water insoluble ash – completely insoluble, Acid insoluble ash – 0.32%

13

Authors: Sonali Shilpa Ekka and M.B. Gaur

In today’s era people suffer from various diseases. Nowadays there is prevalence of various diseases as people do not know what to eat and what to not i.e., proper dietary habits. They are not aware of proper lifestyle. Our body’s immune system acts as a defence that in turn protects our body from various diseases by attacking and destroying the bacteria, viruses, germs and parasites. The first line of Défense for a healthy way to enhance or boost the immune system is to choose a healthy life style. Therefore, it is very important to keep our body’s immune system healthy, so that it can do its job properly and effectively and protect us from any harm. In spite of balanced diet, daily exercises, yoga practices, people are more prone to develop diseases. Ayurveda is nothing but a science of life. Its main aim is to maintain the healthy status of a healthy living being and to keep the disease person free from diseases i.e., prevention of disease and treatment of disease. One of the basic concepts or fundamental described is Ayurvedic text is Ojas or oja. Oja is the essence of all the seven dhatus also known as Saptadhatu sara. It improves the immunity power, strengthen the body.

13

Authors: Sourav Pal, Vinay R Kadibagil and Reshma Saokar

Background In Pharmaceutical preparation of Ayurveda the Snehakalpana was mentioned since samhita period and has its own importance. Samskaraanuvarthitwa produces the Ghritakalpana superior in Sneha Kalpana. Shatavari Ghritais one of the formulations mentioned for the treatment of Amlapitta. The ingredients of Shatavari Ghrita are Murchita Ghrita, Shatavari Mula Swarasa, Shatavari Mula Kalka, Go-Dugdha and Jala. Murchita Ghrita includes commonly available six drugs that are Haritaki, Vibhitaki Amalaki, Haridra, Musta and Nimbu Aim To carry out the pharmaceutical preparation of Shatavari Ghrita and to analyze the prepared Shatavari Ghrita Materials and Methods Shatavari Ghrita is a unique formulation which comes under snehakalpana prepared by the general method of sneha preparation. It is indicated in Amlapitta Results Pharmaceutical study showed that there is no pharmaceutical error in preparation of Shatavari Ghrita. Analytical parameters could generate preliminary standards of Shatavari Ghrita as per the protocol of testing. GCMS technique helps to make an account of active components present in a given sample

14

Authors: Bhawna Saraswat and M B Gaur

In the present case study, 27 year female patient consulted the outdoor patient department of CBPACS with the complaint of chronic stress. The case was showing the features of anxiety. Patient was presented with the complaints of increased heart rate, palpitation, severe dryness of mouth, decreased attention and concentration, irritability, decreased confidence, lack of interest to communicate, Intolerance to even normal sounds and fearfulness, weight loss, feeling of weakness, lack of sleep during night. Proper history revealed stress in personal life. The case was diagnosed as anxiety (Chittodvega) associated with mild depression. Diagnostic criteria used for assessment of anxiety is Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A). The score obtained is 35, which is interpretive of severe grade of anxiety. The symptoms of Rasa kshaya were present due to chronic exposure to excessive stress, so the treatment of Rasa Kshaya was given. Nidana parivarjaana(removal of cause of stress)which is an essential part of treatment in manas roga was done by counseling (a part of Satvavajaya Chikitsa), along with the line of treatment ofmanas roga.Medhya dravyas, shirodhara, matra bastiand meditation were administered to calm down the anxious state of mind. Counselling &Harshana chikitsaof the patient were done to cope with the depressive feeling. The changes in lifestyle (vihar) prescribed were equally important that includes increased physical activity that brings changes in the body physiology and suppression of continuous state of sympathetic stimulation. The fact that need special attention is that no allopathic treatment was used and complete cure is achieved in the present case.

14

Authors: N Kavya, B A Lohith, S Sangeeta, ShameemBanu and Mallika Singh

The modern era lifestyle which is predominantly sedentary and full of stress has led to alterations in the activities of neuro-endocrine systems thereby causing newer health challenges. Hypothyroidism is an autoimmune condition that needs attention with respect to management as it hampers the quality of life. In ayurveda, direct references are not present stating the symptoms of the disease but it can be treated with ayurvedic principles. Thus, a clinical study was conducted to evaluate the effect of Dwipanchamooladi Niruhabasti (Decoction enema) on Hypothyroidism. In the study, 15 patients were registered and treated. A special proforma was prepared with all points of history taking, physical signs, and symptoms as quoted in Ayurvedic literatures and modern endocrinology texts. All the patients were given Dwipanchamooladi Niruhabasti and Anuvasanabasti(Oil enema) was given with 100ml of BrihatSaindhavaditaila in modified yoga basti schedule for 5 days. The cardinal symptoms like agnidourbalya (loss of appetite) (53%), weight gain (30%), constipation (44%), oedema (43%), dry skin (45%), lethargy (48%) etc were reduced moderately. Haematological parameters like serum TSH levels (44%) were reduced. After observing the changes during and after the treatment it may be opined that, DwipanchamooladiNiruhaBasti is beneficial in treating the signs and symptoms of Hypothyroidism.

15

Authors: Sonia John, T B Tripathy and M B Kavita

Introduction: Rasnadi Yusha is described in Ayurveda classical texts as a recipe for dietic intervention in Swasa (Bronchial asthma).The ingredients of Rasnadi Yusha includes Mudga (Seeds of Vigna radiata), Rasna (Rhizome of Alpinia calcarata), Brihati (Root of Solanum indicum), Kantakari (Root of Solanum xanthocarpum), Prishniparni (Root of Uraria picta), Shalaparni (Root ofDesmodium gangeticum), Gokshura (Fruit of Tribulus terrestris), Bala (Root of Sida cordifolia) and Chitraka (Root of Plumbago zeylanica) in various proportion cooked in water. Aim and Objective: To estimate the nutraceutical potential of Rasnadi Yusha. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted at CSIR-CFTRI, Mysuru.The methodology employed includes testing of macronutrients like carbohydrates, protein, fat and dietaryfiber. Among micronutrients, minerals like calcium, magnesium, copper, iron,manganese and zinc were tested by atomic absorption spectroscopic method. Antioxidant activity was tested by DPPH method. Different solvents were used for extraction to estimate total polyphenols, tannins and flavonoids. Results: The nutritive analysis of Rasnadi Yusha showed low energy value (293.64kcal/100g) and fat value (2.93g/100g).It contains high amount of dietary fiber (20.47g/100g), proteins (21.39g/100g) and minerals. It also showed high content of polyphenol (1.94g/100g), flavonoid (644.7 mg/100g) and tannin (511.5mg/100g). Conclusion:The nutritional profile of Rasnadi Yusha revealed a dietary intervention that is low in energy, carbohydrate, fat values and high in dietary fiber, proteins and minerals. The preparation showed high polyphenol, flavonoid and tannin contents.