International Journal of Ayurveda and Pharmaceutical Chemistry

6

Authors: Akshara Dubey and Namrata Khobragade

Gati or movement is mainly caused by vata dosha. Pitta dosha and kapha dosha takes the help of vata dosha for its movement as said by Acharaya Sharangdhara (Sh.pu.5/25). When these doshas get vitiated by intake of apathya aahar vihar, moves to different part of body and manifest disease. Doshas also travel in different parts of the body without getting vitiated for normal physiological function of the body, and this type of dosha gati is called PRAKRIT DOSHA GATI. VAKRIT DOSHA GATI causes illness. Acharya Charak has mentioned different type of dosha gati in KIYANTAHSHRISHIYA chapter of sutra sthan .

6

Authors: Amar Kumar Verma

Swarna Bhasma has been used for physical and mental growth and for prevention of diseases for ancient times. It works as immunomodulator and by increasing the immunity it prevents many diseases. Nowadays, vaccines are used for prevention of diseases. Specific vaccine is used to prevent specific disease and there is no vaccine for many diseases till now. There are many adverse effects of vaccination. Therefore, vaccination is not perfect method for prevention. Swarnaprashan improves the immunity which prevents many diseases and there is no any adverse effect of swarnaprashan. Therefore, swarnaprashan is better option for prevention.

7

Authors: Priyanka Katru and Sharad M Porte

Cancers are an abnormal cell growth with the potential to invade or spread to other parts of the body. Almost all types of gallbladder cancer are adenocarcinomas, papillary adenocarcinoma, adenosquamous carcinomas, squamous cell carcinomas, small cell carcinomas and sarcomas. Arbuda, gulma, granthi, vidhradhi are some diseases in Ayurveda that can be compared with tumors. Ayurveda is ancient medical science which has been giving the health solutions to the human race since ancient times by its abundance of medicines and diet that has been said to be followed. Diet plays an important role in management of all the diseases. Also in cancer there is need to modify the diet, various do’s and don’ts should be followed according to the type of cancer. Fruits like apple, peach, papaya, pomegranate etc and vegetables like methi, palak, choulai, shubhanjan etc should be given to the patient. In pulses green gram is said to be the best amongst all the pulses and provides rich protein. Non creamy cow’s milk provides adequate nutrients. Wheat, brown rice can be given to provide healthy carbohydrates. Tobacco smoking, alcohol, drugs, salty and spicy rich food should be strictly avoided. Thus gallbladder cancer can be managed by proper diet

7

Authors: Seema Kumari, Charu S. Savarikar and Ruchi Sharma

Ayurveda includes one of its branches as Danshtrachikitsa, Agadtantra or Vishatantra. Vishatantra is a subject, which is dedicated solely to the concept and treatment of visha of various forms. Visha has been defined as a substance which is destructive to life. Some of the Ayurvedic classics and texts in medieval period have classified poisons into two categories as Visha and Upvisha based on their toxicity and potency. It is necessary to have an awareness regarding the poisonous drug that- though they are destructive to the life, but when used in the proper form and prescribed dose they act as a potent therapeutic agents. However, the methods of purification (Shodhana) and processing have been described in the ayurvedic texts to render them non-toxic and safe for human use. Sharangdhar samhita is considered as an authentic textbook of the Bhaishajya Kalpana. It is one pioneering work, included in the list of Laghutrayi. In Sharangdhar Samhita there are many kalpas (Ayurvedic Formulations) which contain visha dravya and upvishadravya as their ingredient and that formulations are stated to poseed quick effect on our body due to its properties. So this article is henceforth state to enlighten the various kalpas mentioned in SharangdharSamhita.

7

Authors: Pooja, Deepika Jangra and Vivek Agarwal

The art of understanding a disease and its stages of pathogenesis was probably explained for the first time in Shat Kriya Kala in a very comprehensive way. Shat Kriya Kala means ‘appropriate’ time periods to take action or plan of treatment. So by knowing the Shat Kriya Kala one can diagnose or manage the disease in earlier stage without causing any delay. As Acharyas had described various do’s and don’ts such as Ritucharya, Dincharya, Aharaviddhi, Sadvritta etc. in detail. Beside this Panchkarma procedures are mentioned for preventive and curative purposes.

7

Authors: Rathi S

Introduction: This is a case report of 56 year old male patient presenting with the complaints of blurring of vision for distance associated with distorted vision in right eye since two months. The subject was not a known case of Diabetes mellitus or Hypertension, after a thorough clinical examination and OCT investigation the condition was diagnosed as partial thickness macular hole of right eye and based on the symptoms it was correlated to vatajatimira explained in Ayurveda classics and treated accordingly and the same has been presented in this article. Materials and methods: The subject who approached shalakyaTantraout patient department of GAMC, Bangalore presenting withthe complaints of blurring of vision for distance associated with distorted vision in right eye since two months was thoroughly examined, diagnosed properly and the treatment protocol of vatajatimira explained in classics was adopted. Results: subjective improvement in vision was recorded and depicted in visual acuity chart andAmsler grid chart. Discussion: surgery is the line of management for macular hole in contemporary science, outcome of the surgery is still questionable, and there are less attempts or no effective preventive measures in improving vision or preventing the fellow eye from similar disease. Hence an attempt is made to understand the disease under the umbrella of vatajatimiraand treatment is planned accordingly.

8

Authors: Mangala Jadhav and Priyanka K Tayade

Gandhak is an important drug in Rasashastra used since ancient times. It is known for its best antimicrobial action and choice of drug for various disorder such as kustha, kandu, twak vikaras etc. Gandhak Druti is one of the unique preparation of Rasoushadhi (metallic and mineral preparation) mentioned in Rasa Tarangini, Rasa Ratna Samucchay and Ayurved Prakash. Objective-The present study was undertaken to evaluate Antimicrobial and Antifungal activity of Gandhak Druti against two bacteria Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and fungi Candida albicans. Method-Gandhak druti prepared according to the procedures mentioned in classics. Inhibition of microbial growth was investigated using diffusion method. Result-The data will be assessed for its antimicrobial and antifungal action. Conclusion-The result of this Research work will serve as effective quality tool for inhibition of skin disease by using Gandhak Druti.

8

Authors: Alok Kumar Asthana, Monika Asthana and Dimple Aggarwal

Lifestyle diseases mainly includes faulty way of living, addictions, lack of physical activities and faulty diet. But no-one is paying attention over the ill-effects of this Digital India. Regular and continuous use of electronic gadgets especially mobile phones create havoc in the quality of life of an individual. One of the lifestyle disorder is caused due to regular usage of cell phones that are the need of this trending era. It silently affects the anatomical posture of neck which further results in painful conditions called as text neck. Text neck is a modern term defined as repeated stress injury and pain in neck resulting from excessive watching or texting on hand held devices over a sustained period of time. It can be better managed by chakra healing and yoga practice. Chakra healing mainly of agya chakra, also known as master chakra as it directs and control the other major chakras and causes them to light up which further energizes the whole body. It directly acts on the pituitary gland, endocrine gland and brain to a certain extent. As every bit of physical exercise needs energy which is activated by agya chakra. Followed by this, certain yoga postures should be done to alter the body posture and movement, relaxing and stretching of the muscles and related connective tissues. For example- Bhujangasana (strengthen the muscles supporting vertebral column), Marjarasana (improves flexibility of spine). Through this article, I would like to draw attention towards a new emerging disease called as text neck – a modern cell phone disease.

8

Authors: Jasmine John, Ajantha and Shashirekha K S

Chronic non healing ulcers cause considerable morbidity especially in old people. Diabetic ulcer of the leg can be life threatening causing complications such as diabetic ketoacidosis and septicemia. Jati is a drug mentioned among kushtaghnagana in Ayurveda and studies have shown its antimicrobial effect against various micro organisms. In current study, action of aqueous extract of Jatipatra (Jasminumgrandifloruml.) for sensitivity against Staphylococcus aureus derived from pus of non-healing ulcer subjected to culture is evaluated. From this study, it is evident by observation and result of mean zone of inhibition that aqueous extract of Jatipatra possesses antimicrobial action against the bacterium Staphylococcus aureus. Further it is also evident that as the concentration of aqueous extract of Jatipatra increases the zone of inhibition for Staphylococcus aureus also increases.

9

Authors: Veena G. Kanthi and Lokhande Jitendra S

Jwarakesari Rasa is one of the herbomineral compound explained in Rasendrasarasangraha1 and indicated in Jwara disease. To establish standards for quality control this project was undertaken. Purity of Parada after Shodhan was found 98.45% (Purity of impure mercury was 98.08%). Purity of Gandhaka after shodhana was 98.62% (Purity of Gandhak in Ashodhit i.e. impure Gandhaka was 98.27%) Bulk density of Gandhaka of ashodhit Gandhak was1.9433 gm/ml & of Shodhit was1.9614gm/ml. Jwarakesari rasa had shown Moisture content 11.40%, pH value 6.37%, Total Ash 3.42%, Acid insoluble Ash 1.80%, Water insoluble Ash 2.96%. In elemental analysis Jwarakesari Rasa shows Mercury content 11.12%, Sulphur content 36.87%.

9

Authors: Shrilatha Kamath T, Nishanth Pai K and Veena G Rao

Hartnup's disease is a rare disease due to abnormal absorption and excretion of tryptophan and other aminoacids. It presents with bilaterally symmetrical erythema at the sites of solar exposure. The dermatitis begins in the form of an erythema with acute or intermittent onset gradually changing to an exudative eruption on the dorsa of the hand, face, neck, and chest with pruritus and burning. The condition is correlated to Vatarakta based upon its presentations. The case presented here is managed by Rasayana (Rejuventing) medicines which rectified the pathology of Vatarakta and relieved the symptoms.

9

Authors: Shree Raksha, Niranjan Rao and Sahana Kamath

Dustavrana is a frequently encountered problem in present era produced commonly as a complication of trauma or pathologic insult and it causes long term agony to the patient. The target of treating ulcer is to achieve complete healing. The issue of non-healing ulcers management with ayurvedic remedy is one of the major areas of the research today. The present study deals with the use of madhuyukta tila kalka lepa in the management of dustavrana, as per told by Acharya Sushruta. Kalka is applied in the form of doshaghna lepa locally, once daily for 7 days followed by follow up of 30 days. The medicament possesses vranashodhana and ropana properties.

10

Authors: Thakur Vivek,VashishtKiran and Sharma Khemchand

Objective:The present pharmacological investigation was undertaken to study the anti-pyretic activity of Tribhuvana-Mishrana(TM) and its ingredients viz. Tribhuvanakirti Rasa (TKR), GodantiBhasma(GB) and Sudarshana Ghana Vati(SGV). Material and Methods: Antipyretic study of Tribhuvana-Mishranaand its ingredients were carried out on 36 Wister Albino rats against yeast induced pyrexia of both Sex. Six groups of six animals were used for the experiment. The yeast induced pyrexia method was standardized first by injecting subcutaneously 20 % w/v of brewer’s yeast (10ml/kg) in distilled water followed by recording the rectal temperature at regular intervals. Then the evaluation of antipyretic activity of Tribhuvana-Mishrana and its ingredientswere carried outby using this standard procedure. Results:Tribhuvana-Mishrana and its ingredients attenuated the raise in temperature after two hours of yeast injection. After 4 hr. of yeast injection also Tribhuvana-Mishrana and its ingredients attenuated the raise in temperature in a highly significant manner in comparison to both control and standard groups. The data generated during study shows that TribhuvanaMishrana and its ingredients having significant anti-pyretic activity.

10

Authors: S Srinidhi and M Ashvinikumar

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Vamana is a procedure in which apakva pitta and shleshma are expelled out with force from mouth. It is mainly indicated in kaphaja and kaphasamsrushtavyadhis. Most commonly used drug for vamana is madanaphala.The other kalpanas of madanaphala like patra, pushpa and twak. The patras are available throughout the year unlike the phala which is to be collected in the mid of vasanta and greeshmarutuin pushya, ashwini and mrugashiranakshatras. Samskara has been mentioned for madanaphala whereas no samskara is required for the usage of patras. METHODOLOGY Thirty subjects fulfilling the inclusion, exclusion and diagnostic criteria of ekakushta(psoriasis) were selected for the study. Vamana was conducted with madanaphala patra choorna(20g) + saindhava lavana(5g) + madhu(Q.S). The signs and symptoms were assessed by using assessment parameters before and after the vamana karma. RESULT There was significant relief in the assessment parameters of ekakushta(psoriasis) after vamana karma like asvedana, mahavastu, matsyashakalopamam, kandu, auspitz sign, candle grease sign and PASI score. The mean time for commencement of vamana vega was 18.23 minutes, mean duration of vamana was 69.63 minutes, mean vegas was 7.07, pittanta vamana was observed in 20 subjects, kaphanta vamana was observed in 10 subjects, madhyama type of shuddhi was achieved in 16 subjects and samyak vamana lakshana was seen in 29 subjects, improvement in the assessment parameters were observed. CONCLUSION Statistically significant improvement was seen in all the assessment parameters of ekakushta(psoriasis) with madanaphala patra choorna as a vamaka yoga.

11

Authors: J M Chethana, Seema Pradeep and Shiva Manjunatha M P

Background: Brahmi a well-known Medhya drug is in great demand for its medicinal use. It has a great demand by the pharmaceutical industry sector. To cater this need, various studies have been taken up for its propagation through tissue culture as the conventional means of propagation takes a long time for multiplication. Methodology: The study deals with macroscopic parameters, microscopic study of transverse sections physicochemical, phytochemical analysis and powder microscopy of both naturally grown and tissue cultured brahmi Results: There was no significant difference in the microscopic structure of the two cultivars. HPLC quantification showed marked difference in quantification of bacosides.

12

Authors: Sayali Anil Varade and Mrudula V Joshi

In today’s era many people are attracted towards Laughter club as it is assumed that it is good for health. It is believed that Laughter reduces physical, psychological stress and pain. It has become more popular among people as a routine exercise. But the way of Laughter is not natural and often it is not spontaneous; so it comes under the criteria of Atihasya. In Ayurveda it is mentioned that Atihasya is one of the main reason of “Udan Vayu Prakopa” which mainly leads to Urdhwa Jatru Rogas and it always hampers normal functioning of Udan Vayu. So individuals who are attending Laughter clubs have to rethink and take a glance of laughing exercise according to the perspective of Ayurveda. Current study was taken to assess Udan Vayu Prakopa in Laughter club members with special reference to Atihasya.

13

Authors: Sonali Shilpa Ekka and M.B. Gaur

In today’s era people suffer from various diseases. Nowadays there is prevalence of various diseases as people do not know what to eat and what to not i.e., proper dietary habits. They are not aware of proper lifestyle. Our body’s immune system acts as a defence that in turn protects our body from various diseases by attacking and destroying the bacteria, viruses, germs and parasites. The first line of Défense for a healthy way to enhance or boost the immune system is to choose a healthy life style. Therefore, it is very important to keep our body’s immune system healthy, so that it can do its job properly and effectively and protect us from any harm. In spite of balanced diet, daily exercises, yoga practices, people are more prone to develop diseases. Ayurveda is nothing but a science of life. Its main aim is to maintain the healthy status of a healthy living being and to keep the disease person free from diseases i.e., prevention of disease and treatment of disease. One of the basic concepts or fundamental described is Ayurvedic text is Ojas or oja. Oja is the essence of all the seven dhatus also known as Saptadhatu sara. It improves the immunity power, strengthen the body.

13

Authors: Sourav Pal, Vinay R Kadibagil and Reshma Saokar

Background In Pharmaceutical preparation of Ayurveda the Snehakalpana was mentioned since samhita period and has its own importance. Samskaraanuvarthitwa produces the Ghritakalpana superior in Sneha Kalpana. Shatavari Ghritais one of the formulations mentioned for the treatment of Amlapitta. The ingredients of Shatavari Ghrita are Murchita Ghrita, Shatavari Mula Swarasa, Shatavari Mula Kalka, Go-Dugdha and Jala. Murchita Ghrita includes commonly available six drugs that are Haritaki, Vibhitaki Amalaki, Haridra, Musta and Nimbu Aim To carry out the pharmaceutical preparation of Shatavari Ghrita and to analyze the prepared Shatavari Ghrita Materials and Methods Shatavari Ghrita is a unique formulation which comes under snehakalpana prepared by the general method of sneha preparation. It is indicated in Amlapitta Results Pharmaceutical study showed that there is no pharmaceutical error in preparation of Shatavari Ghrita. Analytical parameters could generate preliminary standards of Shatavari Ghrita as per the protocol of testing. GCMS technique helps to make an account of active components present in a given sample

14

Authors: Bhawna Saraswat and M B Gaur

In the present case study, 27 year female patient consulted the outdoor patient department of CBPACS with the complaint of chronic stress. The case was showing the features of anxiety. Patient was presented with the complaints of increased heart rate, palpitation, severe dryness of mouth, decreased attention and concentration, irritability, decreased confidence, lack of interest to communicate, Intolerance to even normal sounds and fearfulness, weight loss, feeling of weakness, lack of sleep during night. Proper history revealed stress in personal life. The case was diagnosed as anxiety (Chittodvega) associated with mild depression. Diagnostic criteria used for assessment of anxiety is Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A). The score obtained is 35, which is interpretive of severe grade of anxiety. The symptoms of Rasa kshaya were present due to chronic exposure to excessive stress, so the treatment of Rasa Kshaya was given. Nidana parivarjaana(removal of cause of stress)which is an essential part of treatment in manas roga was done by counseling (a part of Satvavajaya Chikitsa), along with the line of treatment ofmanas roga.Medhya dravyas, shirodhara, matra bastiand meditation were administered to calm down the anxious state of mind. Counselling &Harshana chikitsaof the patient were done to cope with the depressive feeling. The changes in lifestyle (vihar) prescribed were equally important that includes increased physical activity that brings changes in the body physiology and suppression of continuous state of sympathetic stimulation. The fact that need special attention is that no allopathic treatment was used and complete cure is achieved in the present case.

14

Authors: N Kavya, B A Lohith, S Sangeeta, ShameemBanu and Mallika Singh

The modern era lifestyle which is predominantly sedentary and full of stress has led to alterations in the activities of neuro-endocrine systems thereby causing newer health challenges. Hypothyroidism is an autoimmune condition that needs attention with respect to management as it hampers the quality of life. In ayurveda, direct references are not present stating the symptoms of the disease but it can be treated with ayurvedic principles. Thus, a clinical study was conducted to evaluate the effect of Dwipanchamooladi Niruhabasti (Decoction enema) on Hypothyroidism. In the study, 15 patients were registered and treated. A special proforma was prepared with all points of history taking, physical signs, and symptoms as quoted in Ayurvedic literatures and modern endocrinology texts. All the patients were given Dwipanchamooladi Niruhabasti and Anuvasanabasti(Oil enema) was given with 100ml of BrihatSaindhavaditaila in modified yoga basti schedule for 5 days. The cardinal symptoms like agnidourbalya (loss of appetite) (53%), weight gain (30%), constipation (44%), oedema (43%), dry skin (45%), lethargy (48%) etc were reduced moderately. Haematological parameters like serum TSH levels (44%) were reduced. After observing the changes during and after the treatment it may be opined that, DwipanchamooladiNiruhaBasti is beneficial in treating the signs and symptoms of Hypothyroidism.

15

Authors: Sonia John, T B Tripathy and M B Kavita

Introduction: Rasnadi Yusha is described in Ayurveda classical texts as a recipe for dietic intervention in Swasa (Bronchial asthma).The ingredients of Rasnadi Yusha includes Mudga (Seeds of Vigna radiata), Rasna (Rhizome of Alpinia calcarata), Brihati (Root of Solanum indicum), Kantakari (Root of Solanum xanthocarpum), Prishniparni (Root of Uraria picta), Shalaparni (Root ofDesmodium gangeticum), Gokshura (Fruit of Tribulus terrestris), Bala (Root of Sida cordifolia) and Chitraka (Root of Plumbago zeylanica) in various proportion cooked in water. Aim and Objective: To estimate the nutraceutical potential of Rasnadi Yusha. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted at CSIR-CFTRI, Mysuru.The methodology employed includes testing of macronutrients like carbohydrates, protein, fat and dietaryfiber. Among micronutrients, minerals like calcium, magnesium, copper, iron,manganese and zinc were tested by atomic absorption spectroscopic method. Antioxidant activity was tested by DPPH method. Different solvents were used for extraction to estimate total polyphenols, tannins and flavonoids. Results: The nutritive analysis of Rasnadi Yusha showed low energy value (293.64kcal/100g) and fat value (2.93g/100g).It contains high amount of dietary fiber (20.47g/100g), proteins (21.39g/100g) and minerals. It also showed high content of polyphenol (1.94g/100g), flavonoid (644.7 mg/100g) and tannin (511.5mg/100g). Conclusion:The nutritional profile of Rasnadi Yusha revealed a dietary intervention that is low in energy, carbohydrate, fat values and high in dietary fiber, proteins and minerals. The preparation showed high polyphenol, flavonoid and tannin contents.