International Journal of Ayurveda and Pharmaceutical Chemistry

7

Authors: Praveen Kumar Mishra and Maya. T. Mishra

Earache is a common auditory problem and the condition needs to be treated precedencely with a physician. Common causes of earache are Otitis externa, Otitis media, Boils, Eczema or Neurolgical affection the outer ear. Sometimes, pain in this region may also be due to decayed tooth1 .One of the painful condition is Otomycosis. It is a fungal infection that affects the ears. It increases in moist&warmclimates and is increased by poor local hygiene and swimming. Symptoms include itching, which may be intense, pain, and a stinging sensation in the extern al acoustic meatus2 It also often affects people with diabetes or other chronic medical and skin conditions. Common fungal infections of ear are caused by Penicillium, Aspergillus niger, and Aspergillus fumigatus with some exceptions3 . Even if Otomycosis does have many treatment options, but in most of the cases it turns to be chronic. Acute and chronic Otomycosis cases are well managed by Ayurvedic medicine and procedures. Karnashool (earache) is described in many Ayurvedic classics characterized by pain in ear. Acharya Shushrut described Karnashool due to vitiation of mainly vatadosha4 while Acharya Vagbhatta described Karnashool due to Vata, Pitta, Kapha, Rakta, and sannipataj5 . Dhoopan is most effective therapy for earache 6 due to Otomycosis. Dhoopan dravyas has anti-inflammatory, analgesic, anti-fungal and antimicrobial property. So it can be said that local infection of the ear can be managed by Dhoopana Karma and it is the best therapy for all painful ear disorders.

7

Authors: Vandana and Kapil

For every new mother life is challenging and hard. But for some of them there is an added scuffle facing the Post-partum depression. This condition can be serious and may have deleterious effects in women and child. However, this term is often applicable to all instances of psychological suffering after the childbirth. Therefore it is important to screen and to manage Post-partum depression. Symptoms may include unhappiness, low energy levels, changing sleeping and eating pattern, anxiety, rage etc. Practising yoga and pranayama and Ayurvedic therapies can help to eliminate the disorder

7

Authors: Kalpana C. Zile, Dhimdhime R S and Ashwini Maind

Skin is the largest organ and an important outer protective covering of body. Urbanization and changing lifestyle affects the physiology of human beings which is also responsible for a chronic skin disease called as psoriasis. Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory, recurrent, immune mediated skin condition. It can have negative impact on physical, emotional and psychosocial status of affected person. Prevalence rate shows that it affects 1-2% of worldwide population in both the genders. In Ayurveda psoriasis is correlated with Ekakushta. Ayurveda described 18 type of Kushta in Samhita Granthas, in which 7 are Mahakushta and 11 are Skshudra Kushta. Ekakushta is a Vata-Kaphaj Dosha Pradhan Vyadhi having a symptom of Aswedana, Mahavastu, Matsyashakalopma. In allopathy there is no well-defined treatment for psoriasis, whereas in Ayurveda, to cure psoriasis from its root very well-defined treatments are present in the Shodhan Chikitsa, Shaman Chikitsa and Rasayan Chikitsa.

7

Authors: Anjumani Deka and Kaushalya Khakhlary

In Ayurvedic Gynaecology, Sthanik Chikitsa are the specialized treatment procedures. These procedures basically deal with the disorders of Tryavarta yoni. Among these Uttara Vasti takes a specific place. In this study the role of Uttar Vasti in female reproductive disorders is reviewed through ancient texts along with modern interpretation.

8

Authors: Subhashree Moharana, Arun Kumar Das, RajibKishore Jena and Sushanta Kumar Meher

Sandhana Kalpana corresponds to alcoholic preparations using natural sources of drugs as ingredients. Dhataki Puspa (flower of Woodfordia fruticosa (L.) Kurz) is added as fermentative initiators in manyAsava-Arista preparations as per classical methods. But now-a-days for commercial purpose, yeast is used instead of these to initiate fermentation due to costeffectiveness and wide availability. To know the actual phyto-chemical difference if any between the Dhatryarista prepared from different fermentative initiators, it is necessary to carry out the pharmaceutical & physico-chemical analyses of the prepared samples.Hence a study was designed to evaluate the fact. Material &methods: Two samples of Dhatryarista were taken for the study. Sample–I was Dhatryarista prepared with Dhataki Puspa & Sample – II was Dhatryarista prepared with yeast as fermentative initiator. Then a comparative pharmaceutical & physico-chemical study of both samples were conducted. Results: Early onset & early completion of fermentation was recorded in Sample–II and late in the Sample–I. Both the samples had almost same analytical values except in total solid and total alcohol content which were slightly higher in Sample – II. Conclusion: There are no much difference in the role of Dhataki Puspa and yeast as fermentative initiators. Yeast has a capability of early onset and completion of fermentation and the sample prepared with it shows little bit higher total solid & total alcohol content.

8

Authors: Krishnapriya S, Pavan K Sreerudran and Gazala Hussain

Agada tantra is an ashtanga of Ayurveda that deals with toxicology. The substance which causes sadness to the world just at the sight of it, is called visha. Poison is a substance which when introduced into or applied to the body is capable of injuring health or destroying life. It causes damage to tissues, illness or death to the organism. For the management of poison many procedures have been explained by Charaka as Chaturvimshati upakrama. Anjana and nasya are some of the measures which are mostly used in the emergency management of poisoning when the patient is in unconscious state. This article highlights the three important anjana yogas mentioned in visha vaidya jyotsnika.

8

Authors: Govind Narayan, Hardik Chudasama and Gopesh Mangal

Spondylosis is broad term meaning degeneration of the spinal column from any cause. The degenerative process in osteoarthritis chiefly affects the vertebral bodies, the neural foramina and facet joints. Although Lumbarspondylosis itself is asymptomatic, in MRI L.S. Spine, there is significant in concentric bulge of L3 & L4-5 discs mild ligamentum flavum thickening and early facetalarthopathy. In Ayurveda, It can compare with a disease kati shool, characterized by Kati pradeshe vedana, kriya sannirodha, sharama hani, Gamane-ashakti. A 35 year old male patient reported to the outdoor department of Panchakarma, NIA, Jaipur, with the complains of Kati pradeshe shool, Gamane-ashakti, Shramahani, Kriya sannirodhafor last 6 years and other associate complaints were debility, lethargy, lack of sleep for one month. The patient was diagnosed as Lumbar spondylosis. A combination of Haritaki Churna (3g), Bilwa Churna (3g), three times in a day. Along with Dashamool Kwath (20 ml), four times in a day, along with YograjGugglu (2 tab) three times a day after taking dinner Erandsneha (20ml) with luke warm water was administrated for one month. In Panchkarma Procedure, patra panda swedanalong with Kala basti (Erandmooladi niruh basti and Anuvasan basti with Dashmool tail) for 16 days. After one month of treatment a significant response was found.

8

Authors: Ashish Patel, Lowkesh Chandravanshi and Chandrakant Upadhyaya

The Indian System of medicine “Ayurveda”, is one of the most innovative area of research to study the plants as dietary components and herbal medicines. Science is exploring ways to control and cure the diseases with the help of advancements in technology but the challenge is still persisting because of springing up of newer diseases, and also the relapse of old ones in a modified and worsened form Ayurveda needs to be subjected to the acid test of scientific scrutiny. There is an urgent need to develop methods of evaluation outside the purview of modern science or scientific methods could be reviewed to make it more appropriate for Ayurveda. In Ayurveda, the success of treatment completely depends upon four factors, termed as Chikitsa Chatushpada among which drug is second important factor after physician. Thus selection of a proper drug in the management of disease is very important. Drug combinations are envisaged to serve synergistic action, combined action, toxicity, neutralizing action and specific action .This study deals with the systemic approach of various herbal drugs in treatment of systemic disorders.

8

Authors: B. M. N. Kumar

Ayurveda, a hidden abode of basic concepts and treatment aspects had suffered from many hurdles in its progress and not communicated properly since a few centuries. An extensive description about Lasika is available in Ayurvedic literature but the correlative interpretation and applied aspect of Lasika with latest up to date modern parameters is not available. The advancing age of information technology demands the classical ancient Ayurveda to be communicated, interpreted and correlated in term of existing knowledge for international debate. Modern Anatomy describes circulatory fluids are two types’ viz-blood and lymph. Rasa word is meant for digested part of food or Ahar rasa. In this Saumya ahar rasa is one part of Ahar rasa, which concerned to the Lasika. This Rasa/ Lasika circulated through Kaphavaha Siras and nourish the different body parts. The present article aims to elaborate the concept of Lasika in Ayurveda and in comparison with modern anatomy in various aspects.

9

Authors: Devendra Kumar and Shrinidhi Kumar K

Rapidly changing environment scenario due to urbanization and industrialization pose certain health hazards in children and among them respiratory allergies are most challenging. Now a days we witness increased incidences of allergic bronchial asthma which greatly hampers the physical, mental and social activities of the child. Stress which is triggered by Allergic Bronchial Asthma will be the major responsible factor for psycho, social and academic performance. Globally the incidence of Allergic Bronchial Asthma is anticipated about 4.5%. There are about 334 million patients with asthma affecting all age groups, across the world. India accounts for around 15-20 million patients of Bronchial Asthma. Allergic Bronchial Asthma is a disease of respiratory airways characterized by difficulty in breathing and wheezing due to the narrowing of the airways. Certain causes of bronchial asthma are due to genetic tendency, while few are due to environmental pollution and related hazards. Meanwhile altered life style and food habits are also the major triggering factors. Tamaka Shvasa has been also explained in Ayurvedic classics which can be correlated with concept of Bronchial Asthma to some extent, in terms of symptomatology. This is a disease with Vata and Kapha Dosha dominance and triggered by various causative factors. Ayurveda also explain the pathophysiology and treatment of the same in detail. Treatment of bronchial asthma as per the conventional medical Science is not satisfactory and provides temporary relief with certain adverse effects. Ayurvedic management can be effective to remove the main cause of allergy and provide permanent relief to the child. Panchakarma therapy (Purifactory therapies) and certain single drug preparation of Ayurveda are found very much effective for controlling of Bronchial Asthma as evidenced by research works. Ayurvedic Yogas prepared by drugs like Kantakari, Shirisha, Vasa, Bharangi, Shati, Pushakarmoola etc. has been proved for its anti-allergic, mast cell inhibiting and anti-histaminic activities on Bronchial Asthma without undue adverse effects.

9

Authors: Anoop A S, Lakshmiprasad L Jadhav, Deepa Puranikamath, Madhavi and Sreedevi KS

Thromboangitis Obliterans is an inflammatory occlusive vascular disorder involving small and medium sized arteries and veins in the distal upper and lower extremities. The disorder develops most commonly in men less than 40 years of age. Although the cause is unknown, there is a definite relationship to cigarette smoking in patients with this disorder. The clinical feature of TAO often include a triad of claudication of the affected extremity, Raynaud’s phenomenon, and migratory superficial vein thrombophlebitis. In ayurevda, TAO can be understood as Gambhareera Vatarakta manifested as a result of Avarana by Pitta, Kapha and Medas. Therefore, the main line of management of TAO in Ayurveda include Avarana chikitsa, Raktamokshana, Kevela Vata chikitsa and Rasayana.

9

Authors: Dahikar Minal, Chaudhari Vaishali, Nakade Mamta, Pranesh Gaikwad and, Changade Jayashri

Ayurveda is an ultimate science and art for an appropriate life style which helps us to achieve healthy life. But in the new era of industrialization, it is very difficult for every individual to follow proper choice of diet (Ahara) and living habits (Vihara) which help to restore equilibrium of body and mind. Scaling of skin/ Darunaka is a concerned problem among them. Management of Darunaka is very challenging in spite of all modern tools in our hand. Darunaka is also a root cause of hairfall and acne. There is a need to find safe and effective treatment for dandruff and as Ayurveda is known for its least to no side effects, hence for treating Darunaka cases, we have chosen Kantakari Siddha Taila shiroabhyanga which is described by Rasratnasamuchhaya in chapter Shiroroga. The ingredients are easily available, non-controversial and this medicine is cost-effective and easily available throughout India.

10

Authors: Suman Yadav, Sunil Kumar and Deepak Sewada

Pulmonary tuberculosis is caused by the Mycobacterium tubetrculosis. Tuberculosis (TB) is contagious which means that bacteria easily spreads from an infected person to someone else. Symptoms of Pulmonary Tuberculosis may include cough that lasts 3 weeks or longer accomplished with haemoptysis, appetite and weight loss, weakness/ fatigue, fever and night sweats. In Ayurveda this clinical condition can be compared with Rajayakshama. Treatment of Tuberculosis requires at least 6 months. The drugs which used in treatment of Tuberculosis are less potent and more toxic. These drugs have less bio availability as they are thrown out of the body by bio transformation. Ayurvedic texts have mentioned Pulmonary Tuberculosis and its cure using natural plant based products. Being natural products they have negligible side effects and have greater bio activity as well as bio availability. In this case study, a male patient who was diagnosed for Pulmonary Tuberculosis and was administered Anti Tubercular Drugs (ATDs), was also advised a combination of herbo-mineral drugs (Bol Parpati, Kaharawa Pishti, Pippali Churna, Vasavaleha, Draksharishta, Dashamoola Kashaya, Bhrangarajasava, Vidaryadi Ghrita, Vidaryadi Kashaya, Ajaashwagandhadi Lehya) for a period of 4 month. A significant clinical and radiological improvement was observed after 4 month of medication

10

Authors: Dhrubajyoti Talukdar and Pankaj Kumar Barman

Background: Management of the burn wound site is still a challenging task for even the most experienced surgeon. Alongside the sequels of burn wound like discoloration, contracture etc. are another aspect of problems of burn injury management. In a country like India where state of the art burn centre is still a distant dream, there is still scope of developing effective, locally available and cheap preparations for burn wound management. Shalyatantra, is the specialized branch of surgical practice of Ayurveda. A very systematic and disciplined approach to burn wound is found in Sushruta Samhita, the Ayurvedic classic from 2nd century CE. Aims and objectives: To study the effects of external application of preparation (lepa) containing Tugaksheeri (a translucent whitish substance deposited inside nodal joints of the female Bambousa arundinacae plants), Plaksha (Ficus lacor), Rakta Chandan (Pterocarpus santalinus), Guduchi (Tinospora cordifolia), Gairika (Red Ochre) and ghrita (ghee) on second degree burn wound (durdagdha dagdhavrana). Also, to compare the effect of the above preparation with external application of silver sulphadiazine 1% w/w cream on second degree burn wound (durdagdha dagdhavrana). Materials and Methods: Sixty cases of burn injury (dagdhavrana) Results and Conclusion: The Ayurvedic compound is effective in the management of burn wound.

10

Authors: Kamna Singh, Namrata Khobragade, Sangram Mishra and Sunita Temhunna

In recent years disease related to gastrointestinal (Aamashaya samuttha) have become common to the world. It is due to the working schedule, changing diet pattern and behavioral and mental stress. The main etiological factor of this disease is faulty life style and food habits like Viruddha Aahar (incompatible diet as example madhu with ghee in equal quantity), Dusta Bhojana (unhygienic or improper diet), Ritu Vishesh (seasonal factor- varsha (July- august) and sharad ritu (September-october), Desha vishesh persons who regularly enjoys Pittala Ahara as example Madya, Kulatha and Bhrista Dhanya, reforms Pitta Vidagdha avastha. Pitta dosh is vitiated and is reformed to Amladravya in Aamashaya where it produces a disease Amlapitta. Awareness of pathya apathy aahar vihar can prevent Amlapitta. In comparison to modern science Rupa of Amlapitta resembles with Gastritis. This research article deals with concept of Samapitta, role of agni, nidan panchatmka adhyayan of Samapitta (Amlapitta) and its management through pathyaapathya.

11

Authors: Behera Sunita and Chanana Amrish

Marma science is one of the unique concepts of Ayurveda. Ancient scholars of Ayurveda have described a total of 107 Marma in the body. It is formed by the confluence of Mamsa, Sira, Snayu, Asthi and Sandhi and it is the site where vital energy resides. Marma are the vulnerable areas present in the body, any trauma on the Marma region may cause loss of function of that organ or site and even death may occur depending upon the site and strength of the trauma. Sushruta has described Marma areas from the view of surgery; Charak has given utmost importance to Basti Marma by placing it among the three major Marmas of body (Shira/Head, Hridaya/Heart and Basti/Urinary Bladder). Basti Marma is considered as one among Sadyo pranahara(instant fatal), any injury to this Marma may cause peritonitis, pelvic arterial hemorrhage, pelvic fracture and deep vein thrombosis that’s why any trauma to Basti region causes death due to septic or hypovolemic shock and pulmonary embolism. The aim of this study is to review the position and the scope of instant fatality of Basti Marma in present era. In ancient times the main cause of injury in pelvic region was sharp weapons used in the battles between the two states but now-a -days penetrating and blunt trauma due to road accidents, sports injury has become the leading cause of pelvic injury, so the updated knowledge of Basti Marma and the symptoms, prognosis of traumatic bladder in the light of contemporary science is very essential so that proper management can be provided to the victims of bladder injury.

11

Authors: Anoop A S, Lakshmiprasad L Jadhav2 and Sreelakshmi.P

Background: Hypothyroidism in Ayurveda can be understood as kapha pradhana tridoshaja, agnimandya janya vyadhi making the dushti of dhatus predominantly rasa and medas. Chitrakadi vati was selected as it contains pancha lavana and kshara dvaya which help in agni deepana and ama pachana at koshta and dhatu level.Avipathi churnam was selected for the purpose of koshta shodhana and it helps in suka virechana and vata anulomana due to the presence of trivrut Aims and Objectives: To study the combined effectiveness of Chitrakadi vati and Avipathi churnam in the management of hypothyroidism. Methodology: Among 23 registered patients, 20 of them completed the course of treatment. They were administered with Chitrakadi vati 1 tablet (250 mg ) half an hour before food with warm water twice daily (morning and evening) for a period of 84 days and Avipathi churnam 12 gms in early morning empty stomach with honey once in a month for 3 consecutive months. Subjective parameters were assessed by Cochran’s Q and Mc Nemar tests. Objective parameters were assessed by Repeated Measures Anova and Paired T Test. Result: There was statistically significant improvement in the signs and symptoms of Hypothyroidism and thyroid profile. (p<0.05 was observed) Conclusion: Chitrakadi vati and Avipathi churnam are effective in the management of hypothyroidism.

12

Authors: Yashwant Kumar Chandrakar, Anita Sharma,andPradipkumar Suryawanshi

In this modern era there are different types of lifestyle disorders. Obesity is one such disorder which is increasing day by day. Obesity or overweight is usually caused by sedentary life style, irregular diet, excessive eating, sleep pattern, lack of physical activity, hormonal imbalance, hereditary, side effects of certain medications, etc. WHO considers Obesity as a global epidemic and it is rapidly becoming a major public health problem. In Ayurveda, Obesity is known as Sthaulya or MedoRoga which is caused by the accumulation of fat. In Ayurveda, Obese personalities are comprises under eight varieties of Ninditapurusha. Obesity is a chronic clinical condition which often persists throughout the life. Pathyaahara is invariably accepted as treatment inAyurveda, hence it is also applicable to the disorders of Obesity.

14

Authors: Rohit Waskar and J K Sharma

Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disorder with multiple joint pain and swelling. RA causes significant morbidity. In modern medicine for treatment of RA, immunosuppressor drugs, steroids and NSAIDS are used that have many adverse effects. Hence there is a need to evaluate an alternate efficacious therapy which does not have any untoward effect. For the present study Shamana therapy on Amavata by Mahaaushadhikwath has been taken. According to Yogratnakar Amavata Chikitsaprakarana, Mahaaushadhi kwath is indicated in Aamvata because of its contents Guduchi that has properties like Tridoshashamak, Samgrahi, Balya, Dipana, Rasayan, Raktasodhak, Jwaraghna and Sunthi having properties as Dipana, Pachana, Anulomana, Amadoshahara, Vatakaphaha, Hrydya. All these properties are beneficial and effective against Aamvata, which will do the Sampraptivishathan of Amavata. Aims & Objectives – This study was aimed at evaluating the effect of Mahaaushadhi kwath in the managemanet of Amavata vis – a- vis Rheumatoid Arthritis. Methodology – In this clinical study 30 patients fulfilling inclusive criteria was given Mahaushadhi kwath for 60 days in a dose of 48ml and follow-up after 15 days. All the patients were in pathya aahara during the study. Result - The relief observed in all the four cardinal symptoms was statistically significant in this study. This proves that the drug Mahaaushadhi Kwath is effective in alleviating the cardinal symptoms of Amavata. Conclusion - It was observed that symptomatology of RA closely resembles with the disease Àmavata. Mahaushadhikwath used in the present study, proved to be a good anti-inflammatory, analgesic formulation. To ascertain the mode of action of Mahaushadhi kwath its trial on large sample is recommended.

15

Authors: Monika Kumari, K.L.Meena, Sushila Sharma, Prabhakar Vardhan and Renu Bala

Among five types of vata dosha, apana vata plays an important role in controlling many systems of body viz. reproductive system, urinary system, excretory system and parturition. Acharya name these functions as Mutra dharana and nishkramana (Holding and voiding of urine), Shakrita dharana and nishkramana (Holding and voiding of feces) Artava dharana and nishkramana (Menstruation) Shukra dharana and nishkramana (Holding and emission of semen), Garbha dharana and nishkramana (Holding and expulsion of fetus), Garbha srijana (expulsion of fetus).The primitive micturition reflex brought out by the central integrating in the sacral spinal cord can be taken as the apana vata’s action on urinary system. Apanavata performs its function of defecation by Myenteric plexus and activation of pudendal nerve during defecation reflex.For ejaculation (shukranishkramana) three types of nervine controls viz. lumbar sympathetic trunk (LIL2) causing the rhythmic contractions of muscles of vas deferens the seminal vesicles and prostate, sympathetic impulse causing relaxation of detrusor muscle and contraction of internal sphincter inhibiting the micturition and parietal branch of pudendal nerve (S2S4) causing rhythmic contraction of perineal muscles facilitating ejaculation represent the apanavata physiology. For parturition (garbhanishkraman) two theories viz. uterine distension theory and Freguson reflex theory represent the apanavata physiology

15

Authors: Ashwini Kumar Kushwaha and Vinod Kumar Joshi

A survey on plants described in Mahakashaya of Charaka Samhita was conducted at Rajeev Gandhi South Campus, situated in village Barkaccha, district Mirzapur, Uttar Pradesh. The objective was to find out naturally grown medicinal plants that described in Mahakashaya of Charaka Samhita an Ayurvedic classic, in the study area. In South Campus of Barkaccha, total eighty five Mahakashayas medicinal plants are found, out of which thirty two medicinal plants are placed in individual Mahakashaya and rest fifty three medicinal plants are recognised under more than one Mahakashaya. The botanical name, family, chemical constituents, ethnobotanical uses, part used and name of Mahakashaya in which plants are grouped are listed.

19

Authors: Pooja Rani and Subash Sahu

In Ayurveda it has been indicated that when there is accumulation of morbid bio-humours in the body they should be expelled out time to time. Virechana (therapeutic purgation) therapy is one in which pitta doshas and pitta with involvement of kapha doshas expels out of the body through anal route. In classical texts of Ayurveda various purgative drugs are mentioned in scattered form. In view of this fact an attempt has been made to compile virechana drugs from various classical texts of Brihatrayi for its rational use and proper utility. It has been observed that 80 virechana drugs are mentioned in Brihatrayi in which most of the drugs possess katutikta taste, laghu-ruksha and tikshana qualities, ushna virya and katu vipaka. From this review, it provides enormous information about the purgative drugs with its pharmacological properties. Most of the drugs are time tested and rationally used by our ancient scholars, now a day most common drugs used are triphala, argavadha, danti, draksha, kampillaka, tilvaka, trvritta, eranda, kutki, satyanashi. These drugs are indicated in so many disorders but mainly in abdominal disorders, worm infestation and respiratory disorders etc.