International Journal of Ayurveda and Pharmaceutical Chemistry

7

Authors: Harmeet Kour and Inderpal Kaur

Albizia lebbeck commonly known as shirish, has number of therapeutic properties. Albizia lebbeck is an economically important plant for industrial and medicinal uses. The leaves are good fodder with much protein content. The plant contains saponin, macrocyclic alkaloids, phenolic glycosides and flavonols. In Ayurvedic medicine, it is considered as an antidote against all type of poisons. Many ayurvedic formulation of shirish like Panch shirish agada, Mahagandhahasti Agad etc. have been indicated in poisoning. However, it has been established that the plant has antidotal value against either snake or scorpion venoms. In addition, the bark decoction of Albizia lebbeck possesses antianaphylactic, anti-asthmatic activity

7

Authors: Anju B Uppin and Nithin Kumar

Among Panchagnanendriya, Netra is given prime importance as it is concerned with rupa grahana. Vision is important to human survival without which day and night matters nothing to one’s life. Netra is agni mahabuta pradhana and this agni helps in rupa grahana. Further, it is said that intake of pitta prakopaka aahara will increase mala in shira which gets lodged in different parts of netra and cause netra roga. In the context of pathyapatya of netra, it is said that gritha is the best sneha. Also Acharya Sharangdhara mentions that tarpana kriyakalpa gives tarpana to the netra. Though netra is agni mahabuta pradhana it is sheeta saatmya. As gritha and tarpana gives sheetata to netra we can say that these are best suitable to maintain the swastata of the netra. In modern parlance, it is mentioned that intra ocular drug administration is the best way to maintain eyes healthy and to treat eye diseases. With the above given information, in this paper an attempt is made to explain the efficacy of grihta tarpana and its mode of absorption into the netra in maintaining swastha netra.

8

Authors: Smita Sarmah and Balen Baishya

The reproductive process in woman is a complex and highly evolved interaction of many components. Imbalance in any component can cause problems in menstrual cycle. There is one condition called dysmenorrhoea which affects most of the women. Dysmenorrhoea means painful menstruation. In Ayurveda, the symptoms of udavartini yoni vyapad can be correlated with the symptoms of dysmenorrhoea. Menstruation plays an important role in a woman’s life. If due to any reason if the process of menstruation disrupts then it will result in reproductive failure. Udavartini yoni vyapad always gives pain, fear, anxiety to the woman. Due to this women leads a stressful life which will disrupt in the process of regulation of monthly cycle. In

8

Authors: Ranjitha B.M.

Pregnancy is a beautiful phase in every women’s life. Maintenance of health of a pregnant women and wellbeing of the foetus is the aim of antenatal care.Ayurveda the science of life believes in prevention of disease than cure, Swastasya Swaastya Rakshana Aaturasya Vikaraprashamana. To avoid the morbidities associated with pregnancy our acharyas have explained Garbhiniparicharya; the regimen to be followed during pregnancy. Antenatal care in Ayurveda involves ahara,vihara and modification in psychological behavior. Acharyas have described monthly dietary regimen or maasanumasika Garbhiniparicharya and demeanor to be followed during pregnancy. Subsequently Garbhiniparicharya would result in proper development of foetus and proper movement of apanavayu and prepare pregnant woman for sukhaprasava physically and psychologically.

9

Authors: Bhupinder Singh, Jaya Sakalani Kala, Archana Negi, D ShwetaShukla, and DeshrajSingh

In today’s era Amlapitta is a common disease found mostly in middle aged persons due to faulty dietary habits and changing lifestyle. It hampers the daily routine activities due to its symptoms like heart burn, abdominal pain, loss of appetite, nausea and vomiting. Amlapitta is caused by the increased Drava gunaand Amlaguna of Pachaka Pitta. It affects the Annavaha,Rasavaha, Raktavaha, Purishvahasrotasa. Due to increasing incidence of the disease, scholars of different medical field are working to developvarious means and measures to overcome this burning problem.In allopathic system of medicine Amlapitta cannot be correlated with any specific disease, but its symptoms are found in many disorders such as gastric ulcer, duodenal ulcer, gastroesophageal reflux disease and gastritis commonly named as acid peptic disorder. Acid peptic disorder results from an imbalance between aggressive factors (gastric acid, pepsin) and protective factors (gastric mucus, bicarbonate and prostaglandins). Antacids neutralize acid which is the first line of immunity and thus make the person more prone to various infections. While Ayurvedic approach is Agni vriddhi and Aampachana by various means. So, the present study is aimed at finding effective treatment of Amlapitta (gastroesophageal reflux disease). For the present clinical study 20 patients of Amlapitta were registered from the O.P.D., P.G. Department of Kayachikitsa, Rishikul Campus Haridwar. Phalatrikaadi Kwath was selected for managing the patients of Amlapitta.

9

Authors: Dhimansonia, Kumar Ajay,Dhiman Monika and Vishwakarma Kumar Santosh

Aloe barbadensis Miller is considered as an important plant since years ago. Egyptians used to draw pictures of Aloe vera plant on walls of temples. They had even elevated the plant to ‘god like’ status. Plant had also earned the name as “Plant of immortality”.This drug contains many chemical constituents likevitamins A, C and E, B1, B2, B3, B5, B6, B12, folic acid and choline, essential amino acids like alanine etc., enzymes like aliiase, alkaline phosphatase, amylase etc., minerals likecalcium, chromium etc.,monosaccharides, polysaccharides, anthraquinones,fatty acids,auxins and gibberellins, salicylic acid, lignins and saponins. It is xerophytic plant, grown in warm tropical areas (1040 F). Slightly acidic, sandy, loamy soil, moderately fertile soil and fast draining,natural rainfall are required for its cultivation, Jaipur is warm tropical region with sandy soil and less rainfall. This region is most suitable for cultivation of xerophytic plant. Jogindernagar(H.P.) is 4000 to 5000 ft. high from sea level, having heavy rainfall and colder temperature. Keeping in mind its value in therapeutics, this study was done to evaluate the differences or similarities in its chemical constituents, for betterment of its efficacy. Mature leaves of drug were collected from two different habitats i.e.,, first sample from herbal garden of national institute of Ayurveda Jaipur, India and second from herbal garden Jogindernagar H.P. India. Drugs obtained from both gardens were morphologically similar but H.P. species was not fully nourished. Phytochemical analysis showed that sample procured from Jaipur city was richer in carbohydrates, anthraquinones, proteins and cardiac glycosides than H.P. drug. Hence the drug grown in its natural habitat is better than adapted environment and habitat.

10

Authors: Sonali Ganguly and Kaushalya Khakhlary

Achievement of motherhood is the cherished desire of every woman. Child bearing and delivery are such physiological entities which are always ready to convert into pathological entities, if uncared. Hence, antenatal care is essential, to maintain the health in the affluent society,to improve the health in developing countries and to bring healthy offspring into the society. Among the various ailments occurring in pregnancy, Garbhini Shoola i.e., abdominal pain or discomfort is one of the commonest entity. No Ayurvedic texts gave any sort of definition regarding of Garbhini Shoola. However, Garbhini Shoola or vedana may be defined as the pain and discomfort in abdomen and groin felt by a lady at times, during pregnancy. This type of pain or discomfort during pregnancy may be mild in nature causing occasional discomfort or may be moderate to severe causing disturbances in daily activities thereby affecting the health of the pregnant lady adversely.

10

Authors: Manjusha Mehar, Kalpana R.Chavhan and Shama S.Suryawanshi

Agadtantra is one of the branches among Ashtanga Ayurveda. The word Agadtantra is derived from two words-Agad and Tantra. Agada means anything that conquers a poison and Agadtantra is a system of knowledge for conquering poisons. AacharyaCharaka explained that even strong poison is consumed in a proper way,it may work as a medicine (amruta) and medicine consumed in improper way works as a poison. AacharyaVagbhata in AshtangaSangraha well explained the use of vishdravyas(poison) in rasayanchikitsa i.e., for promoting immunity and maintain health. Every drug when used as medicine, the shodhana (purification) procedure is most important. In the process of shodhana the impure drug becomes pure and the medicinal properties of the drug increases due to contact in various dravyas. Through this research paper I am going to discuss the therapeutic properties of Agada in ancient Ayurveda.

11

Authors: Sunil Kumar Dalal

Chronobiology is the science which deals with the biological rhythmic phenomenon in the living system. Chronopharmacology is the branch of Chronobiology which deals with the Pharmacologic aspects of Chronobiology. In Ayurveda, Aushadha Sevana Kala is the proper time of administering the aushadha (medicine). The proper knowledge of Agni (digestive fire) and Aushadha Sevana Kala (time for drug administration) will help in understanding the food and drug interaction which is helpful in the proper treatment of a patient. In different Ayurvedic texts, Acharyas had defined Aushadha Sevana Kalas according to the biological clock for attaining the equilibrium between the Doshas and Dhatus which ultimately leads to swasthya (good health). The present article is an attempt made to have a Critical Study of different Aushadha Sevana Kala in Ayurveda with special reference to Chronopharmacology.

11

Authors: B.M.N.Kumar

There are many concepts in Ayurvedic science which are not yet fully understood & nabhi is one of these concepts. In Ayurveda nabhi (navel) is considered as the originating source for vessels present in between the pakvashaya (intestines) and amashaya (stomach). These vessels are the nutrient passages and act as channels for showering sustenance to different parts of our body. Because of its intense importance all most all acharyas of Ayurveda has considered nabhi is an important structure in the body and centre of all the organs of the body.

11

Authors: Mukesh Kumar, RachnaJain and Amit Mukherjee

Ayurveda is the science of life which emphasize on restoration of health of individual than on treatment of the diseases. For that our sages gives us some conducts to be followed such as Dincharaya, some moral and social conducts like Sadvritta etc. For being healthy one should follow the daily regimen which is described in our classics. In present scenario we are facing lifestyle disorders on main focus, from which most are preventable and having main cause are improper daily regimen. Our body’s environment is similar to the external environment which surrounds us. It is as similar as Vata, Pitta and Kapha which make the natal constitution of our body. Our daily regimen is to make harmony in between both. Disharmony causes diseases in individual. As we have a rhythmic cycles of these Doshas similar in external environment. Acharyas describes these are important to balance the tridosha (vata, pitta, kapha) e.g. brahma muhurtajagranam, in this kala, vata dosha essential for alertness and apanavayu is essential for normal evacuation. After that intake of Paryusit jala which is cold and heavy increases Apana vayu and heaviness, help in complete evacuation and thus we can prevent severe constipation as a major cause of various metabolic disorder. Similarly other regimens help in prevention of diseases. An ideal life-style along with social condiments has been described for the health maintenance in Ayurvedic literatures and if one follows the same will remain healthy lifelong and free from the diseases.

12

Authors: Madhu Prasad, O.P. Gupta and B.P. Sharma

Amavata is a chronic systemic inflammatory disease which involves all the big and small joints of the body. It is a disease which occurs due to mandagni or dearrangement of agni/jatharagni in the body. The clinical features of Amavata closely resemble that of rheumatoid arthritis and if not treated properly on time amavata can lead to permanent deformities of the joints. In India cases of amavata have surpassed diabetes mellitus.The present study consist of a herbal compound and vaitaranvasti in the management of Amavata as described by chakrapanidatta in his textbook chakradatta.

14

Authors: Amir Amiri-Paryan, Milad Khazaei, Mohammad Mahdi Zangeneh, Masoud Shamohammadi2, Milad Alahmoradi, Reza Tahvilian, Akram Zangeneh, Maryam Almasi, Rohallah Moradi

Wounds are the result of injuries to the skin that interrupt the other soft tissues. Cutaneous wound healing is a complex and protracted process of tissue mending and remodelling in response to injury. Several plant products are in use for treatment of wounds over the years. Stevia rebaudiana is used in folk medicine as an antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, antibacterial, and anti-fungal agent. The recent study was conducted to investigate the healing properties of aqueous extracts of leaves of S. rebaudiana on cutaneous wounds in rats. A full thickness excisional wound (2×2 cm) was induced on the back of 32 rats. Rats were divided into four groups as follows; control (untreated), (treated) with 1ml basal cream, (treated) with 10%, 1ml S. rebaudiana aqueous extract, and 3%, 1ml tetracycline for 30 days. Animals of each group were euthanized at 30th day post-injury and wounds were assessed through gross and histopathological analyses. The data was analysed by one way variance analysis and Duncan’s test using SPSS 21. Treatment with S. rebaudiana indicated a considerable reduction in the wound area during the experiment compared to other groups (p<0.05). Parameters such as arrangement of the healing tissue, re-epithelialization and epithelial formation demonstrated pivotal changes as compared to the control. In addition, treatment with S. rebaudiana decreased total cells, neutrophils and lymphocytes numbers and increased the fibrocytes numbers and ratio fibrocytes/fibroblasts at 30 day (p<0.05). The present study showed that S. rebaudiana leaves extract applied topically promotes healing of wounds more significantly as compared to other groups.

22

Authors: Archana Singh Vishen, Meenakshi2 , UttamKumar Sharma3 and Brijendra Singh Tomar

The man of 21st century is living under various stress, anxiety, pressure, irregular or hectic life style and unnatural food habits. So the prevalence of diseases are on rise day by day like stress induced insomnia, dementia, anxiety, tension headache, depression etc. a minute change in status of mana affect the homeostasis of the body. Physical and mental health plays an equal role for a healthy life of an individual. In this competitive era, it is a big challenge for a person to maintain healthy life. Modern medicine has many drugs for the treatment of mental disorders i.e., sedative, tranquilizers, antidepressant etc. but they have many side effects like drug dependence, hypotension, nausea, lack of coordination, depression etc. Ayurveda has given equal importance to physical and mental health. There is very rich profile of drug-treatment modules for prevention, promotion of mental health and to cure mental disorders. Among them Nasya karma is a procedure of great importance in respect of mental health. Nasya is considered as the best procedure because Nasa (nose) is considered as a direct gateway of Shira (brain). If we administer a medicine through the Nasa within a short interval it affects the brain. Selection of medicine depends upon Doshas involved in a particular disorder. If a person is suffering from stress induced insomnia, anxiety, panic attack and attention deficit syndrome with hyperacidity, it may be due to vitiation of Vata, so we can use Bhrimhana (snehana) nasya to balance the vitiated vata. If a person suffers from Kahaja vikara then Shodhana nasya is performed to balance the Kapha dosha. In Pitta dominant disorder Shamana nasya with Pitta Shamaka drugs are administered.

54

Authors: Vadi Ranjan and Manisha Vats

Diabetes mellitus is one of the common metabolic disorders acquiring around 2.8% of the world's population and is anticipated to cross 5.4% by the year 2025. India is slated to be the diabetic capital of the world, with 50.8 million diabetics. Since ancient time plants have been exemplary source of medicine. Ayurveda and other Indian literature mentioned the used of plants in treatment of various ailments. Recently, the World Health Organization (WHO) recommended the use of medicinal plants for the management of DM and further encouraged the expansion of the frontiers of scientific evaluation of the hypoglycemic properties of diverse plant species. A comprehensive review was conducted to pile up information about medicinal plants used for the treatment of diabetes mellitus. The profiles presented include information about the scientific and family name, plant parts and test model used, the degree of hypoglycemic activity, and the active chemical constiutents. The review describes some new bioactive drugs and isolated compounds from plants such as diallyl trisulfide, lophenol, cinnamaldehyde, curcumin, mangiferin, oleanolic acid, coagulanolide, tetrahydrocurcumin showing significant insulinomimetic and antidiabetic activity with more efficacy than conventional hypoglycaemic agents. Thus, from the review majorly, the antidiabetic activity of medicinal plants is attributed to the presence of polyphenols, flavonoids, terpenoids, coumarins and other constituents which show reduction in blood glucose levels. The review also discusses the management aspect of diabetes mellitus using these plants and their active principles.