International Journal of Ayurveda and Pharmaceutical Chemistry

5

Authors: Sachin R. Bhagwat and V.U.Gawai

Shayyamutrata (Enuresis) is an involuntary discharge of urine. In most of the cases the chief cause of enuresis is behavioral and emotional factors. It can also occur due to the urinary tract infection, food allergies, obstructive sleep, apnea, chronic constipation etc. The prevalence of enuresis is about 15-25% of children at 5 years of age, 8% of 12 years old boys and 4% of 12 years old girls. Srotovarodha and vitiation of Sadhaka, Tarpaka Kapha, Pachaka Pitta, Manovaha Srotas and Atinidra are the factors responsible for development of Shayyamutra. Ayurveda suggest importance of pharmacological as well as psychological treatment for the disease. This article describes some ancient view on Shayyamutrata.

6

Authors: Kawarkhe Santosh Dnyanbarao, Ramesh M. Bansode , and S. S. Sant

Diet plays an important role in pathogenesis of kidney stones .Mutrashmari– Urolithiasis is a consequence of complex physiochemical processes which involves sequence of event in the formation of any urinary stone i.e., consequence of imbalance between stone promoters and inhibitor in the kidney. Urinary stones are the major cause of Morbidity. Increased incidence of Urolithiasis in this industrialized world is associated with improved standards of living and is strongly associated with race, ethnicity and religion of individuals due to its specific life style and bad habit of food intake. The identification of common, modifiable risk factors for Urolithiasis may result in new approach for treatment and prevention. With these objectives, in this study,the Avapidsnehapan, Abhayarishta and Pashanbhedchurna are used widely for the management of Mutrashmari. These have Vedanashamaka(Reduced pain/Spasm), Mutrala(Diuretic property) and Ashmaribhedaka (Lithotriptic) properties in them. In the present work, we tried to study the combined effect of Avapidsnehapan, Abhayarishta and Pashanbhedchurna with respect to disintegration/ expulsion of the calculi.

6

Authors: Saroj Kumar Debnath, Abichal Chattopadhyaya and Sudhaben N. Vyas

It is internationally recognized that medicinal plants play a major role for providing health benefits more safely to human beings. The complex composition of medicinal plant based drugs has a major challenge for quality control. Maximum Ayurvedic drugs are plant based drugs. Physicochemical analysis is the most important part for standardization of the medicinal plant based drugs. Two most important Ayurvedicdrugs i.e., Alambushadi Churna tablet and Simhanad Guggulu pill had been selected from Ayurvedic famous books named BhavaPrakasha and BhaishajyaRatnavali, respectively for comparative Physicochemical study. These two Ayurvedic drugs are mainly and commonly used in the treatment of disease Amavata (Rheumatoid arthritis). Preparation and Physicochemical study of both these drugs was carried out in the Institute for Post Graduate Teaching and Research in Ayurveda, Gujarat Ayurved University, Jamnagar. This comparative Physicochemical study revealed that Alambushadi Churna tablet contains more moisture, less inorganic constituents and more water soluble constituents than Simhanad Guggulu pill and hardness as well as disintegration time of Alambushadi Churna tablet was less than Simhanad Guggulu pill.

6

Authors: Dipali G. Nagpure, S.I. Pathan, V.E. Gogte, Minakshi S. Joshi and Mukunda B. Bargade

Amavata is one among the most crippling disorders, one of the most hazardous disease to patients and challenging to physician. It can be compared to Rheumatoid Arthritis (R.A.) based on similarity of signs and symptoms. Ayurveda literature has a wealth of resource information regarding the measures providing treatment and preventing complications of this disease. Chakrapani has recommended role of kshar basti in amvata chikitsa- adhyaya 25. Panchasama churna has been mentioned by Sharangdhara as shooloharam param in Churnakalpana adhyaya. In this case report, combined effect of kshar basti and panchasama churna was tried in a patient of R.A. and assessment was done on the basis of disease activity score 28 by American Association of R.A., as well as symptoms as per described in Madhav Nidan. Results of the treatment were encouraging

7

Authors: Priyanka Triwedi and Anamika Shukla

ADHD is the most common neurobehavioral and developmental disorder of childhood, characterized by emotional problems, low self-esteem with inattention, hyperactivity and impulsiveness. Its incidence is 3-5 % globally. Conventional modern treatment with stimulant drugs lead to many side effects. There is need to develop alternative treatment with safe and effective medicine. Exact cause of ADHD is unknown but there are no. of factors which can contribute to the appearance and progression of this disorder including specific inherited genes, food additives, and environmental factors like harmful habits during pregnancy. Ayurveda includes herbal and nutritional supplementation, meditation, yoga and abhyanga for the treatment of physical and psychological disorder, therefore there should be some parenting tips with yoga for ADHD children to reduce stress like Suryanamaskar, Pranayam, Vrikshasana, Meditation and medicines suggested are MedhyaRasayana, Brahmi (Bacopamonnnieri), Shankhpushpi (as nervine tonic and mind soother), Sarpagandha (reduce hyperactivity). Some researches explored the effectiveness of massage and exercise therapy on reducing symptoms and medication doses in ADHD school age patients.

7

Authors: Brijendra Singh Tomar

The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that worldwide 210 million women become pregnant each year and that about two-thirds of them, or approximately 130 million, deliver live infants1 . The remaining one-third of pregnancies end in miscarriage, stillbirth, or induced abortion1 . Of the estimated 42 million induced abortions each year, nearly 20 million are performed in unsafe conditions and/or by unskilled providers and result in the deaths of an estimated 47,000 girls and women1 . This represents about 13 percent of all pregnancy-related deaths1 .While the incidence of abortion in India is unknown, the most widely cited figure suggests that around 6.7 million abortions take place annually. According to government data, only about one million of these are performed legally. The remaining abortions are performed by medical and non-medical practitioners. Levels of unsafe abortions are very high in India, especially given that abortion is legal for a broad range of indications, and available in the public and private health sector. Therefore an attempt is made to make aware the health care professionals about the various provisions of laws related to abortion so that they can play a major role to aware society

7

Authors: Rajiv Amal, Jigisha Patel , M V Patel , S N Gupta and K B Patel

Charaka described 107 marmas in the body. Among these Basti, Hridaya and Murdha are three marmas considered as pradhanabhuta marma. If Vatadi dosha are vitiated through the nidana sevana, these three vitiated doshas also vitiate the prana and its ashraya sthana – marma are also responsible for the development of different diseases. Vyayama has direct effect on the causative factor of dosha dushti, which ultimately affects vital organs like Basti, Shira, Hridaya etc. According to modern concepts exercise improves muscle tone, work capacity, appetite and blood circulation, which helps the heart muscle to become strong and more efficient. In addition, the entire circulatory system works more efficiently due to vascular dilatation and cholesterol reduction. Exercise reduces fatigue, weight, reduces stress, anxiety and depression, which are the ultimate causative factors of heart disease. Vyayama is a one of the best concept for prevention of diseases of Hridaya (heart).

7

Authors: Jitesh Marote and A B Deshmukh

Ayurveda is science of life and its basic aim is to maintain health of human beings and cure the illness. It is one of the oldest scientific medical systems in the world, with long record of clinical experience. Eye is most important organ in the body, which is Adhisthana of Darshanendriya. We must protect and take loving care of this delicate organ, because good vision is necessary for social as well as intellectual development of individual. Diseases of eye, nose, ear, throat comes under the heading of Urdhwajatrugata Vyadhis. Among all of them Acharya Sushruta in Uttartantra described eye anatomy, eye diseases and its treatment more in detail as compared to other Indriyas. Kriyakalpa is main therapeutic procedure of Netra Roga, described in separate chapter in Uttartantra of Sushruta Samhita. In this review article details about Kriyakalpa, their indication, types, mode of action and its importance in Netra Roga Chikitsa will be discussed.

7

Authors: C.S.Tanmane, Sandhya N.Wagh and A.S.Charde

Katigatvata/katishool is the emerging problem arising due to the adaptation of modern life style. Many patients are suffering from this condition, having no suitable treatment available in the modern medicine except analgesics and surgery. However, in Ayurveda medicine there is better management described in texts for katigatvata. The clinical study was conducted in 30 patients of katigatvata treated with Ayurvedic Herbal medicine RasnadiGuggul and Katibasti with Dashamul oil. All the patients were divided into 3 groups of 10 patients each. Group A of 10 patients were advised RasnadiGuggul 500 mg twice a day for one month. Patients of Group B were administered katibasti with Dashmool oil for 21 days. While patients of Group C were recommended Tab RasnadiGuggul 500 mg twice a day for one month along with katibasti for 21 days, simultaneously. It was observed that patients of Katigatvata of Group C treated with herbal drug RasnadiGuggul and Katibasti showed maximum percentage of improvement as comparative to Group A and Group B. No side effects were noted in any of the patients during the trial period.

8

Authors: Kumar Sanjeev, Ram Bhuwal and Dwivedi Kamal Nayan

The name of Musk is known to the entire mankind but today, only a few persons have the privilege to smell its odor. There is a perfume so famous that everyone on earth knows its name but it is so rare that only very few living human beings can boast at having ever smelled it. All kind of deer do not have “The Musk” The musk found in which deer, that is Known as Kasturimrig (Sanskrit), Hiranmuski (Unani). The Musk comes from a small deer that has two fangs; he uses to scratch forest lichens on which it feeds. Musk has been a key constituent in many perfumes since its discovery, being held to give a perfume long-lasting power as a fixative. Practitioners of Indigenous Systems of Medicine claim to obtain beneficial results with musk in various disorders viz. Visha (Toxicity), Chardi (Vomiting), Daurgandhya (fetid smell), Kilas (leucoderma).

9

Authors: Nilakshi S. Pradhan and Pravin M Bhat

In today’s lifestyle a man can have all sorts of facilities available at finger touch. Though due to this, life of man is becoming luxurious but it has some ill effects on health. Extreme interference of electronic instruments, change in food habits and daily regime, all these have decreased physical capacity of man. In Ayurveda it is described that Atiyoga of Chakshurndriya is responsible for various eye complications, such as Dry eye symptom complex. Purvarooopa’s of NetraRoga are described by Sushrutacharya. Present study is conceptual study and tried to correlate association between Purvaroopa’s of Netra Roga and Dry eye symptom complex in over users of computer.

9

Authors: Rashi Sharma and Vipin Kumar Pandey

The subject of ayurveda is physical aggregation of vikaras of panch-mahabhoota and termed as Sharir. It is composed of six dhatus, i.e; Panch-Mahabhoot and the sixth one of non-physical entity that is Atma, Purush or Sharir. Tridosh are considered as the primary and essential constitutional factors of the human organism. These fundamental factors maintain the integrity of human body. Doshas are the body constituents which are responsible for maintenance of the physical integrity of the body. Sharir Vayu is that force which keeps the kapha, pitta, dhatus and malas in motion; like the wind that propels the cloud from place to place in the sky. Functions of apan vata are to retain and eliminate the feces, urine, semen, menstrual blood and fetus when required. Vitiated apana vata coming in contact with anorectal folds gives rise to arsha or haemorrhoids (piles).

10

Authors: ChetanGulhane , Deepali Gulhane Danga SK , Ashita Surve and Kalpana Dhuri

Knowledge of metals and chemicals were known to Indians since the time of Vedas. In Rugveda it is said that Gold is the semen of Agni. It is the vigor and virility of Agni. Gold increases vigor and virility. Internal use of Gold was in vogue from the time of Atharvaveda. Correction of Agni (metabolic enzymes of body) is the main aim of Ayurvedic treatment. During that time it was used for Medhajanan (to improve cognition) for children and for begetting the desired sex of child for pregnant lady. Suvarnaprashana is one of ‘Samskara’ (rituals) in which a child is made to lick Gold, Suvarnaprashana improves intelligence, improves immunity and prevents bacterial and viral infections, digestive fire and physical power. It gives long, spiritual, holy and saintly life. Researches on Gold and Gold compounds in modern medicine and in alternative medicines, supports the Suvarnaprashana concept of Ayurveda.

10

Authors: Suhas A. Chaudhary, Shingadiya Rahul K. , Patel K. S. , Kori V. K. , Rajagopala S. , Harisha C.R. and Shukla V. J.

It is important to treat every disease in childhood period at the earliest as it may hamper the proper growth and development of child. Recurrent cold can correlate with disease Pratishyaya in Ayurveda, which is a causative factor for another disease as it can produce Kshaya. Due to diseased condition in childhood, school absenteeism and expenditures of medicine are the burden on the family that ultimately affects the civilization. Balachaturbhadra Churna is a compelling medicine for the childhood disorders. But due to bitter taste and short shelf life, the powder form converts to tablet form by introducing Balachaturbhadra Vati. The present work was planned to standardize the finished product Balachaturbhadra Vati to conform its identity, quality and purity. In pharmacognostical work Annular vessels, Compound Starch grains, Group of stone cells with yellow content, Prismatic crystals of Ativisha; Annular vessels, Fragment of annular vessels, Fragments of sclary form, Silica deposition, Starch grain with hylem of Musta; Black debrice, Oil globule, stone cell of Pippali; Dark brown content, Fibres, Scleroids of Shringi were observed. Organoleptic features of BCV are solid in consistency, light ash grey colour, bitter odour, bitter-astringent taste, round and bi-convex in shape were observed. The pH value of BCV was 8, Acid insoluble ash was 1.89 %w/w, Water-soluble extract was 26.2 %w/w, Loss on drying was 5.66 %w/w, Ash value was 9.4 %w/w, Alcohol soluble extractive (%w/w) was 12.72 %w/w and High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography at 254nm and 366nm resulted into 4 and 1 spots, respectively.

10

Authors: Nitin Sharma and Rakesh K.Nagar

Cancer is the most dreadful of all the diseases. Typically growing in the form of tumors, new tumors emerge as cells take root and grow in different parts of the body. Classical ayurvedic texts have several references to cancer. It combines a number of approaches such as changes in lifestyle, herbal remedies, exercise and meditation to strengthen and purify the body and mind and increase spiritual awareness. Herbs offer great potential to stimulate the healing process and can even destroy cancer cells. Dietary patterns, foods, nutrients and other dietary constituents are closely associated with the risk for several types of cancer. Evidence suggests that diets high in fiber containing foods, rich in fruits, vegetables and grain products, carotenoids, vitamin C are associated with a reduced risk for cancer.

11

Authors: R.C.Harinkhede,D. B. Chavan , P.L. Patil3 and V.U.Gawai

Intellectual disability (formerly called mental retardation) refers to a group of disorders that have in common deficits of adaptive and intellectual function and an age of onset before maturity is reached. Three criteria must be met to establish the diagnosis of intellectual disability: significantly sub average intellectual function, significant impairments in adaptive function, and onset before 18 yrs of age. Though Ayurvedic literature does not describe it clearly as a separate disease entity but it throws light on the aetiopathogenesis, presentation, along with prophylactic and some specific measures for management of such disorders. After summarizing scattered references on intellectual disability, it is clear that genetic factors (beejadosha), improper diet (apathya), suppression of natural urges (vegadharana) and gynecological disorders (yonidosha) during pregnancy play important role in the development of fetal disorders (garbhavikrati) and mental disorder (manasikvikara). Currently available treatment in conventional system of medicine is palliative while in Ayurveda medhya drugs (memory boosters and enhancers) are described for such disorders which are quite safe and free from side effect. In the present review article author did an effort not only to highlight etiopathology but also management of intellectual disability supported by various studies in the field of Ayurveda.

13

Authors: Megha G. Pandya

Diabetes mellitus is a life style disorder prevalent in both developed and developing countries and has increased alarmingly, giving the disease the dimension of an epidemic. The aim of present study is to review the role of Vyayama(physical exercise) in the prevention and management of diabetesmellitus. In Ayurveda, the role of Vyayama(physical exercise) has been described elaborately as a part of Dinacharya(daily routine)and in the prevention as well as management of Madhumeha (diabetesmellitus). One classical quotation i.e. "Withdrawing of luxury to create happiness" mentioned by AcharyaVagbhatta is very classical for preventing D.M. During recent years, the association between physical activity and type 2 diabetes mellitus management has been assessed by a number of studies. Today, the beneficial role of exercise has been fully documented and exercise should be incorporated systematically in the prevention and treatment of patients with diabetes mellitus.

14

Authors: Shital G. Bhagiya, Ram B. Shukla and Falgun P. Patel

Obesity is not merely a cosmetic problem but a severe threat to health which causes Hypertension, Diabetes Mellitus, Osteoarthritis etc. According to Ayurveda, it can be co-related to Sthaulya following the methodology given by Acharya Charaka. It’s a serious problem and needs a permanent solution. Ayurveda, the 5000 year old science of healthy living has solution to this current problem. In the Ayurvedic perspective, these should be a major shift in awareness. Ayurveda does not treat obesity; it treats a person who is obese or overweight. There are many treatments available but Panchkarma is said to be very effective treatment for any diseases, so present study was carried out to evaluate efficacy of Lekhana Basti which was described by Acharya Sushruta. In another group Shamana Sneha in the form of Triphaladi taila was taken for study which is also described in Samhita. Both groups played significant role in all parameters of obesity without side effect. We found highly significant results in Weight Gain, Kshudra-Swas, Gatra gaurav, Atikshudha, Ati pipasa etc. and also in objective parameters like chest, abdomen, arm, mid-calf circumference etc. in comparison of two groups Lekhana Basti is Effective therapy in the management of sthaulya.