International Journal of Ayurveda and Pharmaceutical Chemistry

5

Authors: TikeshwarKaranjekar, Anubhuti P. Manwar, Subhash Y. Raut and Arun M. Lakhapati

A wound is a break in the integrity of the skin or tissue often, which may be associated with destruction of structure and function. Wound is simply a disruption of any tissues. In surgery wound is primary pathology and infection is the most common complication of wound healing. It is encountered in every surgical speciality. Infection leads to cellular and vascular response to bacterial injury. In Ayurveda, infected wound can be compared to dushta-vrana. Vrana is a sarva-sharirgatvyadhi with tridoshaj pathology. Various treatment modalities are described in classical texts of Ayurveda. Ancient Acharyas emphasized the use of Kshar in the treatment of dushta-vrana specially Apamarg-kshar. It also gives symptomatic relief to the patient.

6

Authors: Jyoti Brijesh Gavali

Metals are in use as medicines since centuries. These metals have to undergo various types of processing before it is used in medicines. One of these processes is saamanya shodhana (common method of purificationwhere the thin (kantakvedhi) sheets of metals are subjected to heat and immediately quenched in different organic liquid media. This method is common to all the metals like gold, silver, copper, iron, tin, zinc, lead, and alloys like brass and bronze. In this process thin sheets of metals are heated and quenched in different liquid media for a specific number of times repeatedly. This introduces the organic properties in the metals as well as reduces its particle size and reduces/removes toxic properties from the metals. The effect of this is that microcracks develop in the metal, and the metal loses its physical properties of malleability and ductility. Toxic properties if any are reduced to the minimum (tolerable). In summation the shodhana causes reduction in particle size, introduction of organic elements, removes impurities and reduces toxicity of the metals. The different liquid media are variable in nature and components. Micro fractures are caused on the surface of the metals due to imbalance in the tension and compression forces. Depth and size of these fractures depend on the tensile stress, stress concentration, temperature, and surface energy according to fracture mechanics (Griffith’s theory). Difference in nature of the fluids may cause addition to the stress. These factors cause particle size reduction of the metals.

6

Authors: Indra Pal,Akanksha Tiwari and N. P. Rai

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in Ayurveda can be correlated with amavata, adisease of multiple joint pain and swelling. The main pathogenic factor in this disease is ama, which is formed duegastro-intestinal disturbance. When this ama gets seat of joints it causes amavata. In rheumatoid arthritis some inflammatory mediators and antibodies appear in blood, which are identified as diagnostic as well as prognostic marker like rheumatoid factor (RF), C-reactive protein (CRP), erythrocyte sediment rate (ESR), anti- cyclic citrullinated phosphate antibody (anti-CCPab). For these clinical trials twenty six patients of RA were selected from kayachikitsa OPD and IPD,Sir Sundar Lal Hospital BHU, Varanasi, India to study the effect of trial drug Amavatari rasa on these inflammatory mediators. Drug was proved to be effective in lowering the titre of these mediators and symptoms of RA were also improved.

6

Authors: Rutu V. Patel, S. Rajagopala and S.N.Gupta

Normal growth and development of the child depends upon the environmental factors and genetic endowment. Environmental factors are divided into two categories, one is the proper nutritional supplementation and the other is the child’s diseased condition. If the child does not get proper nutrition and disease free condition then the child cannot achieve proper growth, the reason behind this condition is the indigestion of the food taken by child. Short stature is considered as the height of the child is below 3rd percentile. According to Ayurveda,Vamanatwa is related with VatikaNanatmajaVikara. In the present case of short stature, the patient was found having the Ajeerna, the treatment given was only related to Ajeerna and the child started to gain height. During the whole course of treatment child gained a total of 14 cm of height along with subsidence of other symptoms. This particular case study shows the importance of Agni, and management of Ajeerna in disease manifestations.

7

Authors: Sharma Girdhar Gopal

The tridosha theory is a fundamental principal in Ayurveda classics, but in the context of dhatu, Rakta has given especial importance in evidence, for this various references are found in different samhitas, where rakta has been kept along with Dosha. All these references are collected and discussed in this article to justify the vitality of rakta in the present scenario.

7

Authors: Poornima Mansoria, Shyam Babu Singh and Anita Sharma

Carbon monoxide poisoning is one of the leading poisoning happening worldwide. Carbon monoxide is colorless, odorless and tasteless gas which is easily mixed with other gases and by inhalation produce several complications. In blood CO is attached to hemoglobin resulting in the formation of carboxyhemoglobin which causes mitochondrial dysfunction by binding cytochrome oxidase. Symptoms of CO poisoning are related to the percentage concentration of carboxyhemoglobin. The management of CO poisoning in modern medicine is to increase the oxygen concentration at cellular level and in Ayurveda some like Vamana, Kawalgraha and Shirovirechana are carried out for the same.

7

Authors: Aniket A Shilwant and Niraj F Mandod

Mamsa is one of the seven constructive build icons of body namely dhatus. It is widely accepted by all the Ayurvedic scholars who named it as Pishit, Taras, Palal, Raktateja, Medaskruta, Kravyam, Aamisha and so on. It helps in formation of Mamsa dhatu in the body with its principle site in body as muscles, tendons and skin. It maintains the metabolism of Mamsa dhatu in body by Mamsadhara kala which is also concerned with the same. Irrespective of Panchabhautik origin, Mamsa dhatu has Prithvi mahabhuta in its dominance, Vasa (Omentum) and Tvacha (Skin and its layers) as its Updhatu (Accessory tissue) and Kha mala as its excretory product. The well build musculature of a person indicates good and proper nourishment of the individual. This excellence of a Mamsa dhatu seen in such a person is resembled by Mamsa sara purusha with its specific symptoms. Mamsa dhatu is formed by the metabolic process over Rakta dhatu by the respective Dhatwagni viz., Mamsadhatwagni. Thus any kind of abnormality or deviation in this process leads to disorders oriented with Mamsa dhatu and certainly having an impact over upcoming Dhatus in series. Abnormality of Mamsa dhatu prominently shows emaciation, muscle wasting type disorders impairing overall health of human health, thus leading to lack of immunity and surrendering to any disease easily. So it carries an important role for sustenance and longevity of life.

7

Authors: Manisha Maruti Mastud and Kalpana S.Wakode

Ayurvedic approach for treatment of Krimigranthi (Blephrities) is to treat symptoms and prevent recovery of this disease. Krimigranti is one of the Sandhigata Netraroga which is characterised by itching, irritation, mild discomfort, occasional pain, watering and falling of eye lashes. This condition can be correlated to Blephrities which is one of the most common inflammation diseases of the lid margin. It is very common eye disorder which affects people of all age groups and generally does not cause any permanent damage to eye sight. In Ayurveda the treatment comprises of Swedana, Bhedana and Pratisaran. In present study Daruharidra Pratisaran was selected in the form of local therapy, because Daruharidra has property of quick wound healing which is useful in the treatment of pain and itching related disorder related to eyes and also having anti-inflammatory, anti-toxic property that tackles the above condition and hence selected for the present study.

8

Authors: Manisha V. Jaybhaye and Sampada S. Sant

Ayurveda is a medical system that deals not only with body but with the mind and spirit as well. Ayurveda emphasizes on consuming healthy and nutritious diet. Diet is considered to be a vital for a human body as it provides the basic nutrients. Unfortunately in modern era the concept of Hita ahara which are having a great influence on once health is being ignored. Today fast food chains become a global phenomenon. Eating habits have changed dramatically for example combining food. As a result man has to pay penalty. Doshaj Prakruti is useful to understanding the entire make-up of an individual, what their strength and weakness are, how they respond to different food. Acharya charaka described that every individual must have diet according to Prakruti to remain healthy.

9

Authors: Sapna Chaudhary and Vinod Kumar Joshi

The existence of medicine shows its prehistoric antiquity. The knowledge regarding medicinal value of plant was been collected in a course of several centuries. Ayurveda reveals that we had a rich knowledge of the use of medicinal plants from very ancient times. The ancient scholars have described the medicinal properties of plants through their deep observation, analysis of observation and after words clinical assessment in patients. Amalakyadi gana is one of the formulation of Sushruta samhita 38th chapter of Sutra sthana, which is said as Sarvajvarahara (to alleviate all kind of fever) and Amalakyadi gana consist of four drugs i.e., Amalaki, (Emblica officinalis Gaertn.), Haritaki (Terminalia chebula), Pippali (Piper longum Linn.,) and Citraka (Plumbago zeylanica Linn.). Pathophysiology of the disease Jvara reveals that it is caused due to Vikrita Pitta, Agnimandya and Srotorodha. Most of the drugs are having Laghu guna, Usna virya and Madhura vipaka therefore acting act as Pitta Shamaka, Dipana, Pachana, Srotoshodhana

9

Authors: Brijesh kumar, Kanhaiya Agrawal, Anil Kumar Singh

Ayurveda is the life science and indicate knowledge of appropriate and inappropriate. It has many treasures of life that make man disease free, healthy and long living. From Vedic to modern era, all the researches have been directed by the eminent scholars to achieve the same. Ayurvedic form of Materia Medica i.e., Nighantusand Koshacould help significantly in this direction. There are many Nighantusthat have been written from 5th century A.D. till 20thCentury A.D, in which synonyms, properties and medicinal uses of different plants were described. Various aspects of Shigru are discuss in a chronological order from Kosha, Nighantusin this work.

10

Authors: Dadhich N.K and Sharma Pooja

Ayurveda is essentially the science of life. Ayurveda has scientific background and will provide stimulus to new and original renovation from the remodelling of theories and concept. One of the basic fundamental concept or view of Ayurveda is Ojas. Ojas that balances almost all assiduous essence of nutrients and zeal level in body. Everyone is known with the term of immunity that is compared with Bala or Oja in Ayurveda. Ayurveda is science of life i.e., of Ayu. For longevity of Ayu, Aahara is important. Its Ayurvedic concept of Karya-Karna Sidhanta in this Aahara is Karya & Karana is Ojas. Oja is sara of the all the Dhatu’s (tissues) and important part of all the Dhatu’s from Rasa to Shukra Dhatu’s. It gives all the positive ponders of the life and is precious for living. All livelihoods are harboured and sustained by Ojas & if it diminishes or shrinks it leads to abandonment of life. Numerous authors and saints have mentioned about Ojas therefore we have different concepts on Ojas. Hence, this review article endeavours to make clear understanding of Ojas as saints said in texts with its normal and abnormal points.

10

Authors: Megha G. Pandya, Hetal D. Vyas and Rita H. Khagram

Psoriasis is consider as type of Kushtha (skin diseases) and may be well correlated to various varieties of Kushtha, among them Eka-kushta, Kitibha are the commonest due to the resemblance of signs and symptom. Here, Ekakushtha is accepted as Psoriasis because the description and characteristic features of it are co-related with description of Psoriasis than any other type of Kushtha. Effective therapeutic agents for the treatment of Psoriasis in contemporary medicine may have long-term toxic side effects, which makes alternative system of medicine a good choice because it overcomes the said limitations. The mainstay of treatment in Ayurveda for Kushtha is shodhana (bio purification), which eliminates the vitiated doshas. Virechana (therapeutic purgation) is less stressful procedure than Vamana (therapeutic emesis) and has less possibility of complications. So, the present work has been under taken to study the role of Virechana (therapeutic purgation) in the management of psoriasis- A case study. After treatment patients recovered symptomatically, the itching and scaling was relieved completely, burning was very mild and intermittent. But, there is mild improvement in nail changes. So, it is concluded that Virechana (therapeutic purgation) was effective and showed considerable improvement in the patient of Psoriasis.

10

Authors: Praveen Lendal, C.D. Vaikos , P.G. Sali

Vaman is sanshodahan chikitsa (biopurification treatment) in which vitiated doshas (toxins) are eliminated from body through kaphamoola sthan. It is useful in healthy as well as ailing persons. It is neglected due to fear of complication. The present paper endeavor to interpretation of Vaman karma (procedure) in a scientific way which helps the physician to propagate vaman as treatment on a large scale for respiratory disorders, skin disorders, obesity, prediabetic and much more.

10

Authors: Joshi Nirali B.and Shankar M. B.

Sanskrit word Pandu means pale or Sweta Peet Varna. The disease in which whole body becomes pale is called Pandu roga. The main cause of Pandu roga is related to diet. In short, Pandu roga is related to Anemia in modern system of medication. It is more resembles to Iron deficiency anemia. Insufficient dietary intake and improper absorption of iron are the causes of Iron Deficiency Anemia which presents with the significant symptoms such as feeling of weakness, tiredness, and shortness of breath, palpitations, Koilonychia, Glossitis, Dysphagia and altered sensation of taste. Allopathic iron preparations are gastric irritants and having common side effects like nausea, vomiting, constipation or diarrhea and black stool. Ayurvedic herbo mineral formulations are the better alternative to treat iron deficiency anemia. Navayasa loha, a herbo mineral compound contains loha bhasma as one of the ingredient mixed with other herbs. Loha bhasma helps to increase iron content in blood by its nano particulate size, better absorbs of iron and lesser side effect on GIT. Hence Navayasa Lauha was selected as an alternative medicine in iron deficiency anemia. The present work was carried out to check the effectiveness of Navayasa Lauha in iron deficiency anemic patient.

11

Authors: Rita Khagram and Megha Pandya

A change in lifestyle of human beings has created several disharmonies in his biological system. With the advancement of busy, professional and social life, improper sitting postures in offices and factories, jerking movements during travelling and sports; all these factors create undue pressure on the spinal cord and play an important role in producing low backache and sciatica. According to Charaka Samhita, Gridhrasi comes under 80 types of Nanatmaja Vatavyadhi which is characterized by its distinct pain emerging from buttock and going towards the heal of afflicted side. On the basis of symptoms it can be well co-related with “Sciatica” in modern terminology. In spite of the different types of treatment modalities mentioned in ancient and modern medical sciences, they have some or the other shortcomings and drawbacks. Considering all these, the present study was taken up with the objective of evaluating the role of Matra basti in the management of Gridhrasi. Due to promising results of Rasna Guggulu practically proven in Gridhrasi, it was chosen as control group. Total 24 patients of Gridhrasi were randomly divided into two groups. The patients of Group-A (13 patients) were given Matra basti with Sahacharadi Tail for 14 days and the patients of Group-B (11patients) were given only Rasna Guggulu. All the patients responded favorably to the treatment in both the groups, but with Marta Basti, the therapy has shown better relief in most of the cardinal and associated signs and symptoms of the disease.

13

Authors: Pithadiya Archana C, Makwana Dhawal and Dhole Archana N

Examination of ‘Saratva’ indicates ‘Bala’ of an individual. One cannot function without ‘Bala’. For both aims of Ayurveda, namely, maintenance of health and if diseased, to cure the disease and come back to homeostatic condition, physician needs to know his ‘Bala’. Sara means essence of Dhatu or extrme/excellent quality of Dhatu. Qualitative, quantitative and functional assessment of tissues or seven Dhatus is called Dhatu Sarata. Charaka has advised to examine Sara of every Dhatu to understand strength of Dhatus as well as strength of mind.

23

Authors: Kumari Monika, Sharma Naresh Kumar, Dhiman Kamini, Meena Kedar L.and Vardhan Prabhakar

Ayurveda is one of the oldest systems of medicine of the world with principal concepts of tridosha and prakriti. The dehaprakriti (body constitution) of person is named according to the innate predominance of dosha at the very time of conception. Deha prakriti is the leading factor which determines the pattern of susceptibility of an individual to different diseases, their prognosis, course and complications. Hence, the ayurvedic concept of dehaprakriti is helpful in maintaining health, understanding disease and its management. Also, the ultimate aim of Ayurveda i.e., attainment of PurusharthChatushtaya viz. dharma (gooddeeds), artha (wealth), kama (desires), moksha (salvation)is possible only if person is healthy and knowledge of one’s own prakriti can be helpful in maintenance of one’s health by following proper diet and regimen. Ayurveda confers the psychosomatic constitution, as dehaprakriti, which is represented by a vibrant description of the physique, physiology & psychological make-up of an individual. The dehaprakriti is essentially genetically determined and is likely to be influenced by a variety of environmental factors to some extent. The approach of ayurveda on the subjects of determinants of dehaprakriti is quite comprehensive and vivid. The article enumerates the factors, which together lay the psychological and physical make up of an individual. The review has been prepared with the help of analysis of ancient classical texts and journals.

5

Authors: D.T.Tayade,S.S. Padhen, A.B.Wadekar and S.A.Waghmar

Recent research work deals with the conductometric measurement of 3-(2-hydroxy-3-nitro-5- methyl) phenyl-6-amino-1,2,5-thioxazine at different temperatures by keeping constant concentration(0.1M) .These measurements provide information regarding with solute-solvent interaction, effect of temperatures and effect of dilution and solvent. The various thermodynamic parameters viz. ∆H 0 ; ∆S0 and ∆G0 for the ion pair formation are determined from the value of ion association constant at constant concentration (0.1M). These also revealed that solvent-solvent, solute-solvent and solute-solute interactions and the effects of various substituent’s.

5

Authors: Dattu D. Karande, M. B. Shende and D. S. Chothe

Medicinal plants have always been a part of mankind. Many herbs specifically support and nourish the nervous system and some of them beneficial in spinal cord. The most common cause of spinal cord injury is road traffic accident that causes injury to the spinal cord. Due to this several number of patient loss their daily routine work. The purpose of this systematic review is to collect the evidence based information of ayurvedic herbs useful in spinal cord disorder and represent in systematic manner

6

Authors: Deepa kulkarni, Nita Kedar, Subhash Raut

“Apakwastu pidika pakwastu Bhagandara” In Bhagandari pidika the predominant Doshas are Pitta and Rakta. . If left untreated leads to Bhagandara (Fistula in Ano). In the earlier stage swelling occurs at perianal region unsuppurative in nature but if not treated properly abscess and fistula is formed. The Father of Indian Surgery Aacharya Sushruta has mentioned the management of “Apakwa Bhagandari pidika” with first eleven Upkramas of the vrana. Vistrawan Karma (Blood letting) is one of them. This single case study was conducted to assess the efficacy of Jalaukavacharana in Bhagandari pidika. It found to be very effective treatment in the management of Bhagandari pidika which is the earlier stage of Bhagandara (Fistula in ano).

7

Authors: Parveen Kumar and Smita Kumari

Twacha is a vital component of human body. It reflects both, the state of well being and disease state. A structural and functional insult to twacha compromises its main function of protection; produces discomfort symptoms as well as has a cosmetic concern. Ek-kushtha is a condition where disfigurement of the skin along with other features like- itching, scaling and discharge are cause of worry for the patient. Genetics, dietary, lifestyle related, environmental and behavioural/psychological factors play major role in pathogenesis. Vitiation of all three doshas is major contributing factor in the manifestation of the disease. Ayurveda advocates holistic approach of shodhan, internal drug administration and external application in the treatment protocol. In this article, a patient treated with similar treatment protocol is presented as a case study.

7

Authors: Satender Tanwar, Shailaja S. V. and Kiran M Goud

Respiration is the process by which oxygen is taken in and carbon dioxide is given out. Respiratory disorders are the one among the leading cause of the death. The whole respiratory system is divided into the two parts i.e., URT and LRT and on the basis of that it is classified as URTI and LRTI; upper and lower respiratory tract infection. Bronchiectasis is a defined as abnormal and irreversible dilatation of the bronchi and bronchioles developing secondary to inflammatory weakening of the bronchial walls.The most characteristic clinical manifestation of bronchiectatsis is persistent cough with expectoration of copious amounts of foul smelling purulent sputum. Post infectious cases commonly develop in childhood and in early adult life. The most characterstic Wheezing and nail clubbing may also occur. Those with the disease often get frequent lung infections. Bronchiectasis may result from a number of infective and acquired causes, including pneumonia, tuberculosis, immune system problems, and cystic fibrosis. Cystic fibrosis eventually results in severe bronchiectasis in nearly all cases. The cause in 10-50% of those without cystic fibrosis is unknown. The mechanism of disease is breakdown of the airways due to an excessive inflammatory response. Involved bronchi become enlarged and the ability to clear secretions is diminished. These secretions increase the amount of bacteria in the lungs; results in the airway blockage and further breakdown of the airways. It is classified as an obstructive lung disease, along with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma. The diagnosis is suspect based on a person's symptoms and confirmed using computer tomography. Sputum cultures may be useful to determine treatment in those who have acute worsening and at least once a year. The case taken here was a rare clinical study on grounds of Ayurvedic principle by using the Vardhmaan Pippali rasayana in patient of bronchiectasis. The classical usage of the VPR is carried out by following the ascending order and the n descending to baseline with strict dietary regimen as explained in the classic. Significant improvement was noticed in the symptom of the patient in the span of 60 days and patient is under follow period to check the efficacy of drug in a longer run

8

Authors: Suryawanshi Pradipkumar R, Suryawanshi Pradipkumar R., Shweta V Musale and Rucha Shinde

Backache is one of the most common and widely prevalent ailments. These days due to sedentary living habits and hazardous work patterns its occurrence is increasing day by day. The psychological conditions associated with emotional stress, which bring about spasm of the muscles, may also cause backache. Chronic low back pain (CLBP) affects millions of people worldwide. There are several treatment options for chronic low back pain, although no single therapy stands out as being the most effective. It is estimated that 80% of all people will experience at least one episode of Back pain in their lifetime, with point prevalence ranging from 15% to 39%, 70% of patients with an episode of Low Back Pain recover with one month, and 90% within 3 months, only 4% patients will have symptoms larger than 6 months. According to Ayurveda degeneration is a process that occurs mainly due to ageing and in Ayurveda vata is the dosha that is mainly dominant during old age and 90% of degenerative disorders are due to vitiated vata dosha. Specific procedures such as Basti, Podikizhi, Navarakizhi, Pizchil etc. pacify the deranged vata externally where as internally some vata pacifying medicines are also administered to the Panchakarma procedures such as Katibasti; may also be employed. The primary goal of Yoga therapy for low back pain (LBP) is the relief of pain and functional limitation caused by a chronic lower back disorder. This is achieved by minimizing, healing, and ultimately correcting underlying physical malfunctions through a series of anatomically correct postures.

8

Authors: Sima Ashok Kurule and Pallavi Mundada

Rasaushadhies are more popular due to their low dose, palatability and short acting nature. Murchana process increases disease curing ability of Mercury (Parad). Kupipakwa rasayana is one of the most important murchana which is prepared in specially designed glass bottle (kachkupi) in sand-bath (valukayantra) with a particular heating pattern (Kramagni). Kupipakwa Rasayana is more potent than all mercurial preparations due to it’s ushna, tikshna, and laghu guna properties, hence it is popular with Ayurved physicians. But it’s preparation is complex and require precision. Preparation of Kupipakwa rasayana by traditional methods requires more time, manpower, fuel and efforts which make it more laborious. With the help of modern technology Kupipakwa rasayana can be prepared easily in limited time with less manpower and efforts by using muffle furnace. In the present paper an easy way to prepare Kupipakwa rasayana with greater temperature control has been discussed.

8

Authors: Pankaj Rai

Indian system of medicine i.e., Ayurveda is serving man kind since long. A wide range of dosage forms are available in Ayurveda that makes it more effective and popular. Snehakalpana (medicated oil/ oil preparations) are an important secondary dosage form described in Ayurvedic pharmaceutics and it has a broad range of medicinal uses in different medical conditions. For the preparation of medicated oil Tila Taila (Sesame oil) is generally used. Watery content in oil causes rancidity factors (amadosa) which is an important factor in the decomposition of fatty acids of oil leading to decrease in life span of medicines prepared with oil. Murchhana is a pretreatment process to remove rancidity factor (amadosha) and simultaneously enhancing therapeutic quality of medicine. In the present study, an attempt is made to authenticate the consequences of murchhana process for preparing medicated oil. The parameters like specific gravity, refractive index, acid value, saponification value, iodine value, peroxide value are analyzed to validate the importance of murchhana process. i.e., All the analytical values obtained are discussed in this paper.

9

Authors: Barkha J Tirpude

Bhasma kalpana is backbone of Rasaushdhi which are consecrations from Rasacharyas. Swarnamakshik is one of the important dravya’s classified into Maharas varg and is chemically known as Chalcopyrite. In the present study Swarnamakshik bhasma prepared, and analyzed to develop the standard manufacturing procedure. Each unit operative procedure was considered as an independent process and an attempt was made to validate each procedure. Raw Swarnamakshik and Hingul were taken according to classic text grahyatwa. The sample with higher percentage of Copper was taken for study. X-Ray diffraction technique was used to test its chemical components. Shodhan (Purification) and Maran (Incineration) was done as per references. The black reddish coloured (rakt krishnabh) Hingulmarit Swarnamakshik bhasma was obtained after subjecting to 9 puta. Finally, bhasma was subjected to physical and chemical analysis. In atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) Copper found to be 0.17%, Iron 61.92% and Sulphur 1.42%. Its Ph value was 5.9 and Ash Value was 98.88%.

9

Authors: Teena Jain, Anil Kumar Joshi and Sunil Kumar Yadav

Thyroid is a small butterfly-shaped gland located at the base of the neck below the Adam’s apple. It is part of a complex network of glands called the endocrine system, which is regulates nearly all body functions, including metabolic, respiratory, cardiovascular, digestive, nervous, and reproductive systems either directly or indirectly. The thyroid gland manufactures hormones that regulate the body’s metabolism (the process of creating and using energy). Thyroid problems are among the most common endocrine disorders presently seen worldwide. Patients with thyroid disorders suffer either from hypofunctioning or from hyperfunctioning of the gland. Whereas the former leads to a decrease in the concentrations of circulating thyroid hormones, the latter increases the same. These two dysfunctions are commonly referred as hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism, respectively. Hypothyroidism is a clinical syndrome resulting from a deficiency of thyroid hormones, which in turn results in a generalized slowing down of metabolic processes. In the pride of India i.e. Āyurveda there is no clear-cut evidence of hypothyroidism, but on the basis of its clinical presentation, it can be explained under the heading of Galagaṇḍa. Ācārya says that, Vāta and Kapha aggravated in the neck and having accumulated in Manyā and along with Meda produce glandular enlargement with their characteristic symptoms. It is known as Galagaṇḍa. Galagaṇḍa has been defined as the swelling, big or small, which hangs like scrotum in the neck.

10

Authors: Pankaj Rai, Laxmi Narayan Gupta and Neeraj Kumar

Shodhana is an important intermediately process of purification and detoxification by which physical and chemical blemishes along with toxic materials of metals and minerals are eliminated & substances are subjected for further pharmaceutical processing. It is an important intermediately pharmaceutical process during conversion of metals and minerals into bhasma (ash). Abhraka is an important mineral used in ayurvedic pharmaceutics. It is used in the form of bhasma to treat many diseases. Various liquid media are described for the shodhana process of abhraka (biotite). Shodhana of abhraka was done in the specific mediums i.e. cow‐urine, decoction of triphala and badari separately. To find out the significance of these media X Ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy study and energy dispersive x‐ray analysis of abhraka were carried out. X Ray diffraction findings shows that different media are not changing main compounds of abhraka after shodhana processes. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) study reveals that the plate late structure of abhraka not only remains intact but also became more granular and appears to be microcrystalline along with reduction in particle size after shodhana process. Energy dispersive x‐ray analysis (EDAX) reflects the compositional variations of elements.

11

Authors: Anil Kumar Joshi and Teena Jain

The science of Ayurveda is based on the fundamental of Tridosha (Vata, Pitta and Kapha) which are responsible for health and disease. Vata Dosha has the chief dominance among these three vital factors of the body. The prime cause of Gridhrasi is the vitiated Vata so it is included in Vata Nanatmaja Vyadhi. Various aetiological factors for the derangement of Vata have been mentioned such as excessive walking, exercise, sleeping on an uncomfortable bed, withholding of natural urges, trauma to vital organs, excessive riding on fast moving, jerky vehicles, unwholesome dietary habits etc. All these factors are so easily accessible to Today’s men that almost everybody is sized in their flow, leading to increasing incidence of diseases like Gridhrasi. The localization of the vitiated Dosha in Gridhrasi is described in a particular order in which pain starts from Sphik and then radiates to Pada along with Stambha, Toda etc. In all applied considerations, the Vata system of Tridosha represents neuroscience in Ayurveda. This study has been planned to evaluate the role of Shodhana and Shamana drugs in the management of Gridhrasi (sciatica).

11

Authors: Dharmendra P Jani and B. R. Patel

Kushtha is a well-known plant since Vedic era. It is botanically known as Saussurea lappa– C.B.Clarke. belonging to the family Asteraceae. In present study roots of Saussurea lappa were procured from Dehradun and Gokshura fruit from periphery of Jamnagar and authenticated in Pharmacognosy laboratory of I.P.G.T. and R.A. Clinical study was designed as randomized, prospective, single blind, controlled, parallel and exploratory. In present study 28 patients were randomly divided in two groups. Group A was treated with Kushtha Churna, 1 gm /twice with lukewarm water and Group B (Control) was treated with Gokshura Churna, 2 gm /twice with lukewarm water for 60 days each. Total 25 patients completed the treatment; 13 in Group A and 12 in Group B. The assessment was done on the basis of changes in classical sign and symptoms of Shukradushti, seminal parameters and sexual health (parameters) observed before and after treatment. The obtained results were analyzed statistically. Encouraging results were found in Shukradushti, semen parameters and sexual health parameters.

13

Authors: Venkatesh M Illal

Background In this modern era there has been an unprecedented increase of incidences related to GI system due to marked change in life style. Diet pattern, behavioral pattern, mental stress & strain, these multiple factors leads to a clinical condition known as the Amlapitta. Symptoms of Amlapitta as explained in Ayurveda are near clinical entity with symptoms of gastritis; a gastro intestinal disorder mentioned in modern science. Methodology of intervention Forty five patients of Amlapitta were selected and divided into three groups by random sampling method. Clinical symptoms were given suitable grading according to its severity and assessed based on pre and post data gathered through pre-designed research clinical proforma. Results showing ‘p’ value less than <0.05 were considered to be statistically significant in this study. Interpretation Drakshadi Gutika is combined formulation prepared by Draksha having Madhura rasa, Madhura Vipaka, SheetaVeerya, MruduGuna. Haritaki having Lavana Varjita Pancha rasa Kashaya pradhana, Madhuravipaka, Vikrutadoshanulomana, Aamapachana, and Sita having Madhura rasa, sheetaveerya, trupti karaka, indriyaprasadaka. These factors exhibit Pitta shamana, and Pitta rechana property. Among Asanas, Pavanamuktasana is the asana of choice for the clinical condition that are related with the gastrointestinal tract. Among Shatkriyas, Kunjalakriya is the best possible wash to the digestive system from stomach to the mouth. After completion of the studies it could be concluded that patients of Group B were significantly better than the patients of Group A and Group C at P< 0.05. Hence by considering overall results in the present study the effect of KunjalaKriya with pavanamuktasanawas was found more beneficial.

13

Authors: Rajput Pawan, Parashar Shalini, Rama mohan Rao G and Sridurga Ch

Ayurveda, the Indian system of medicine uses drugs obtained from plant, animal and mineral sources for the maintenance of health and also for the treatment of various diseases. Shalmali (Bombax malabaricum DC.) is one such important medicinal plant used in Ayurveda. All parts of this plant like flowers, exudates, thorn, leaves and root are useful in treatment of various ailments. The roots of Shalmali are having aphrodisiac property. Numerous Vajikarana yogas containing Shalmali are mentioned in Ayurvedic classics. The present paper is an attempt to review few such formulations of Shalmali, best Vajikarana dravya of Ayurveda.

16

Authors: Satender Tanwar and Pradnya Chittawadgi

NIRUKTI / DEFINITION- Agni in Ayurvedic classics can be referred as following, अन्गाति उर्ध्वगत्ति अति l अिौ स््नामग्रतिन्गेिेजो भेदेll (्ा्स्पियम) That which having the tendency to move forwards and it is considered to be the type of TEJAS.

17

Authors: Tripathi Arun Kumar , Singh Deshraj, Tiwari Akanksha

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) comprises of the group of heart disease and the vascular system. The major conditions are Coronary heart disease (CHD), Hypertension and Congenital heart disease. The WHO has drawn attention to the fact that CHD is our modern “epidemic” i.e., a disease that affects population, not an unavoidable attribute of ageing. India is currently leading towards becoming a heart disease capital of the world. This puts a tremendous pressure on available resources of medical and surgical management. Treatment of cardiovascular diseases in elderly is not easy and there is a need for the development of drugs which can be used safely for a longer period. Many of the clinical features of “Hridroga” described in Ayurvedic classics are similar to that of cardiovascular diseases and can be adequately managed by classical herbs. This article aims at what are the risk factors and causes of cardiovascular diseases, their prevalence and with its possible prevention in Ayurveda

5

Authors: Shyam Babu Singh and Poornima Mansoria

Prevalence of Bronchial asthma is increasing globally; According to W.H.O statistics, bronchial asthma affects 300 million people; and 255,000 people died of asthma in 2005. Asthma prevalence increases globally by 50% every decade, especially children are affected by this disease. In Ayurveda it is known as Tamaka-swasa, a type of Swasa having Vata and Kapha dominancy and involvement of Prana, Udaka and Anna-vaha Srotasa. It can be treated upto a wide extent by following some dietary regulations, Shodhan and Shaman Chikitsa and by doing regular Pranayama and meditation

6

Authors: B. Ram, Sarvesh Kumar Bharati, K Agrawal and A.K. Singh

This contribution is an enumeration of 20 medicinal plants used in popular by rural people of Ghazipur district. The villagers of the district seek their nearby plant wealth for the treatment of their daily life melodies to chronic diseases. Viz. fever, cough, diarrhoea, dysentery, jaundice, leucorrhoea, skin diseases, mumps, scorpion stings, snake bites etc.

7

Authors: Soni Anamika and Soni Surendra

Cirrhosis and Chronic liver diseases are the leading causes of death in developing countries, though the prevalence is increasing in developed countries. There is an irreversible damage to liver parenchyma; it becomes fibrotic and yellowish/ orange in color. Alcohol consumption and chronic viral Hepatitis are the common causes. There are no drugs and related treatments available for the said disease. Ayurveda is a complete and holistic system of medicine in which a number of drugs with multifold beneficial actions are available and can prove to be beneficial for the patients, though a massive research is required to prove the beneficial effects of drugs.

7

Authors: Sushama G. Kuware and D. K. Puri

Introduction: Lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) is an abnormal narrowing of spinal canal at lumbar region, resulting in a neurological deficit that reports pain, weakness, numbness in legs while walking, or the combination thereof. The classical presentation of patient with LSS include lower back pain, radiating leg pain (unilateral /bilateral) that is relieved by rest and bending forward. Low back pain (LBP) is second only to upper respiratory illness as a cause of visiting a physician. The prevalence ranges 10.1-8.9% and mostly affects the age group of 35 to 55years. Chief complaints of patient: Fourtytwo-year old female patient came to us with complaints of low back ache, leg pain while walking and inability to sit in erect posture for long duration. She alsohad difficulty in continuing her daily work as a homemaker. Materials and Methods: Ayurveda explains thisdisease under the title vatavyadhi as katishoola andkatigraha. The treatment available for the disease in modern medicine is not very satisfactory. The present study was aimed at establishing the holistic approach of management by Ayurveda. Therefore,abhyang, swedan, katibasti, tiktakshirbasti followed by erandmuladi and sahachar tail basti along with specific yoga posture and diet were selected for the present case. Results: After treatment patients recovered symptomatically, the backache was very mild and intermittent. In addition, the patient was able to keep erect posture and to carry out the daily routine. Conclusion: The treatment regimen given was effective and showed substantial improvement in the patient.

10

Authors: Jatved J. Pawar and Geeta K. Varma

Amlapitta manifests when a person, in whom pitta has been vitiated-uses food and drink that are incompatible, spoiled, very sour and that are capable of causing vitiation of pitta and increases drava and amlaguna of pitta. Another basic cause of amlapitta according to charakacharya is ajirna (indigestion). The increasing rate of amlapitta presents a constant challenge to the research workers of Ayurveda. In this clinical study, Shunthi (Zingiber Officinale) churna has been used in 33 patients having symptoms of urdhawagamlapitta viz., amlodgar, tiktodgar, utklesh, chhardi, udarshool. According to Ayurvedic text, Shunthi is aampachan and dipan helps in improving ajirna. Madhurvipak and grahiguna of Shunthi reduces amla and dravaguna of vitiated pitta. This study has revealed a highly significant effect of Shunthi churna(P <0.001) in the management of urdhwagamlapitta.

10

Authors: Swapnil S. Singhai

Frozen shoulder is a clinical syndrome of pain and severely decreased joint motion caused by thickening and contraction of the joint capsule. The peak incidence is between middle aged and is higher in women than men. In Ayurved, the symptoms, etiopathogenesis resembles with Apabahuka. It is a disease characterized by morbid vata dosha localizing around the shoulder joint and thereby causing loss or dryness of shleshaka kapha as well as constricts the siras at this site leads to loss of movements of the arm. Ayurvedic classics explain the treatment as Navan Nasya, Snehapana, Swedana and Shamanaushadhi. The purpose of this case study is to review the literature of frozen shoulder and to determine that the Panchakarma therapy is an effective and safe treatment option that can enhance the speed and degree of recovery, minimal risk and high patient acceptance in preference to other methods of treatment of frozen shoulder. Treatment includes Skandha Basti with Mahavishagarbha Taila for 20 minutes followed by Patrapottali Pinda Swedan and a Nasya of Mashadi Taila in dose of 8 drops for seven days. Along with this oral medication of Parijata Guggulu tablets in the dose of 1 gm three times a day was given for one month. Despite the limitations of this case study, it demonstrates that the panchakarma therapy may be an effective option in the treatment of frozen shoulder.

10

Authors: Bijay Kumar Gupta

As the incidence and awareness on AIDS increases among the public, the ethical, legal and regulating mechanism s are becoming more significant. Effort to protect individual rights while safeguarding the public from a fatal communicable virus are presenting many unprecedented legal question in public health, education employment, insurance, medical law, family law, civil rights etc. An effort is made here to discuss briefly on ethical and legal aspect of AIDS in the contest of developing country like India. At present there is no legislation particularly integrating all issues concerning HIV and AIDS. There can be no valid or effective response to HIV/AIDS without respect for the human rights, fundamental freedom and the dignity of human beings. Effective prevention, care and support for HIV/AIDS is possible in an environment where human rights are respected and where those infected or affected by HIV/AIDS live a life without stigma and discrimination. The protection of human rights is essential to safeguard human dignity in the context of HIV/AIDS. Efforts need to be made to train all medical and other auxiliary medical health care workers to create a congenial environment where HIV/AIDS patients are admitted and treated without any fear and scare.

11

Authors: Shyam Babu Singh and Mahendra Prasad

In our world people are facing many cardiovascular and respiratory disorders like bronchial asthma, bronchitis, tuberculosis and chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases along with cardiac diseases. Death due to cardiovascular, lung and blood diseases is 41% in 2010. Yogic practices have always been proved to increase vitality even at cellular level. This article summarizes the physiological effects of Pranayama on Pranvaha Srotasa with their probable explanation.

11

Authors: Prakash Sanjay and Dwivedi K.N

Cirrhosis and Chronic liver diseases are the leading causes of death in developing countries, though the prevalence is increasing in developed countries. There is an irreversible damage to liver parenchyma; it becomes fibrotic and yellowish/ orange in color. Alcohol consumption and chronic viral Hepatitis are the common causes. There are no drugs and related treatments available for the said disease. Ayurveda is a complete and holistic system of medicine in which a number of drugs with multifold beneficial actions are available and can prove to be beneficial for the patients, though a massive research is required to prove the beneficial effects of drugs.

12

Authors: Kirti K. Rathod, V. K. Kori, K.S. Patel, Rajagopala S and Arun Khatri

Background: In this era of global competition, the competition spirit starts from the very beginning of the childhood of every individual. Even to get admission in a reputed school, the child has to go through various examinations. The early childhood is the phase in which the child perceives and retains unknown words, skilled processes etc. If any drug can enhance this process of grasping, retention and recalling, it will provide a great help to the paediatric population. In Ayurveda a class of drugs is mentioned as „Medhya Rasayana’ for this purpose, Guduchi (Tinospora cordifolia Willd. Miers) is one such drug. Material and Methods: A double blind randomized placebo controlled Clinical study was conducted on 71 students to evaluate the effect of Guduchi Ghana in improving Intelligence Quotient (I.Q.) of school going children. Indian Adaptation of Wechsler‟s Intelligence Scale for Children (IAWISC-IV) modified by Dr. Arthur J. Malin was used as an I.Q. assessment tool. Twenty nine students in group „A‟ and Twenty Seven students in group „B‟ completed the course of intervention. Paired „t‟ test and unpaired „t‟ test were used for statistical analysis. Results: Guduchi Ghana capsules showed statistically highly significant increase in Verbal I.Q. score, Performance I.Q. score and Full scale I.Q. scores and Placebo-Wheat flour Capsules showed statistically significant increase in Full scale I.Q. score. When compared placebo Guduchi Ghana capsules showed statistically highly significant increase in Verbal I.Q. score, Performance I.Q. score and Full scale I.Q. scores.

14

Authors: Shailendra Pradhan

Jasminum grandiflorum Linn (Chameli / Yasmin; Oleaceae) is innate to Tropical and warm Temperate regions and cultivated in France, Italy, China, Japan, India, Morocco and Egypt. The plant is recognised to possess positive effects as odontalgic, thermogenic, aphrodisiac, antiseptic, emollient, anthelmintic, deobstruant, suppurative, tonic, in fixing loose teeth, ulcerative stomatitis, leprosy, skin diseases, ottorrhoea, otalgia, wounds, corns and aromatherapy. Pharmacological actions of the plant reported so far are spasmolytic, antiinflammatory, anti-microbial, antioxidant, antiulcer, cytoprotective, chemoprotective, wound healing and anti-acne activity. The present review is an attempt to highlight the various ethnobotanical and traditional uses as well as phytochemical and pharmacological actions reported so far from J. grandiflorum.

14

Authors: Sarve R.N, Danga S.K, Bende Yogita, Babita Singh and Gulhane J.D

Tamak Shwasa is such type of disease in which recurrent attacks of Shwasa are hampering the life of patients and it is troublesome disease, because most of Acharyas have described it as Yapya to treat (C.C.17/9 and C.C. 17/62). Bronchial asthma mentioned in modern medicine closely resembles with Tamaka Shwasa. Work exposure to flour or cotton dust, animal fur, smoke and wide variety of chemicals has been linked to increased risk of asthma. Aims and Objectives: To evaluate the efficacy of Krishnadi Churna in the patients of Tamak Shwasa and to compare effect of `Krishnadi Churna’ with standard bronchodilator drug Deriphylline in Tamak Shwasa. Materials and Methods: Patients suffering from Tamak Shwasa and attending the O.P.D. and I.P.D. department of Kayachikitsa, Government Ayurvedic Hospital, Nagpur were selected randomly. Patients were investigated as per proforma prepared for the study. Discussion and Conclusion: In this study, none of the remaining 49 patients of Tamak Shwasa were ‘cured’. However, 21 patients (70%) from trial group markedly improved and 4 patients (13.33%) were improved after completing the treatment. In case of control group 18 patients (60%) were markedly improved (symptoms relieved between 50-75%) and 6 patients (20%) were improved symptomr relieved more than 75%.

6

Authors: Vinay Tiwari, Kamal Kishore, Midhun Mohan, Satender Tanwar, Kiran M. Goud

There was an era when the mortality rate was high due to the infectious disease in the population. Thanks to Sir Alexander Fleming who led to the discovery of the Antibiotics and gave weapon to fight against the pathogens. There was greater reduction in the mortality rate due to infectious disease after discovery of antibiotics. But in the latter half of the 20th century newer developments of various disorders called as metabolic disorders and life style disorders were seen in the population. Metabolic disorders which aroused due to imperfect food habits and lack of exercise. Life style disorders, which a human being acquires due to his life style patterns and day to day activities. The metabolic disorders do not occur as single but the person suffers from two or more set of features currently called as Syndrome X or metabolic syndrome. Metabolic syndrome is premorbid state that drags the patient into various other disorders, if no proper steps are taken to prevent and manage it. Ayurveda means the life science which explains about the preventive as well as curative aspects of diseases and way to stay healthy and disease free. The metabolic syndrome – similar set of features has been explained about the Acharyas 1000yrs back not only the aetiology, pathogenesis and complication but also about the preventive and curative measure which is unique, effective and evidenced based till now. In this conceptual study the attraction is drawn to help wider group of population who are prone and presently defined under Syndrome X with a great hope of prevention and cure with botanicals and various formulations explained by our Acharyas after extensive research and experimentation.

7

Authors: J. Pawar, Sandeep B. Kale

This study aims to study the effect of Pravalpanchamrut (PP) in the management of Amlapitta. It is the disease which occurs due to vitiated pitta dosha. It is caused due to improper digestion of food which is the result of faulty food habit.When pitta is increased in the body by amlaguna it is called as Amlapitta. According to Ayurved PP is sheetal, pittashamak and it is indicated for Amlapitta, chhardi, raktapitta, mootravikar, jwara etc. PP contains calcium carbonate (CaCO3) which rapidly neutralizes oesophageal acid and may prevent reflux, suggesting another mechanism of action independent of acid neutralization.These useful properties of PP and need of time for the management of Amlapitta made this experiment successful.

8

Authors: Mayank Bapna, Bhoi Khushbu Girishbhai

A simple, rapid and precise reverse phase high performance liquid chromatographic method was developed for the Simultaneous Estimation of Cilnidipine and Chlorthalidone in their combined dosage form. The chromatographic separation was achieved on Zorbax Bonus RP (250×4.6) mm, 5 µ column with an isocratic mixture of 0.05 M KH2PO4 Buffer (pH 6.5) : Methanol in the ratio of 50:50 v/v, respectively. The mobile phase was kept at a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min with injection volume of 20μl and wavelength of detection 225nm at room temperature. The retention times for Chlorthalidone and Cilnidipine was found to be 8.107±0.1min and 4.337±0.1min, respectively. The linearity was obtained in the range of 50-150μg/ml for both Chlorthalidone and Cilnidipine with correlation coefficient 0.9993 and 0.9996, respectively. The proposed method was found to be linear, accurate, precise, stable, robust and specific and was successfully applied for the determination of investigated drugs in combined dosage form.

9

Authors: Alok Shukla, Vinay Tiwari, Kamal Kishor, Midhun Mohan, Satender Tanwar, Kiran M Goud

As per WHO - Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity1 . Public health is "The science and art of preventing disease, prolonging life and promoting health through the organized efforts and informed choices of society, organizations, public and private, communities and individuals2 . The main aim of Ayurvedic science is to maintain the health of healthy individuals and cure the diseased one3 . As Ayurveda is recognized as foremost life science and describes ways to prevent and manage lifestyle disorders, the world is being attracted towards its potential. Ayurveda provides better solution in the forms of proper dietary management, lifestyle advises, Panchakarma like detoxification and bio-purification procedures, medicaments, and rejuvenation therapies. The holistic approach of Ayurveda, treating the patient as a whole, meaning intervention targeted toward complete physical, psychological, and spiritual well-being makes this science a wonderful option in lifestyle disorders. This conceptual study carried out to highlight the importance of the Ayurvedic principles and implementing in the day to day life to keep away from the various NCD & LSD.

10

Authors: Naresh K. Kumawat, Dharmendra K. Sharma, Dhannajay

The world wide latest report of W.H.O. for prevalence of obesity states that around 250 million cases of obesity are reported every year afflicting about 7% of adult population. Obesity is a common health problem and its prevalence is increasing globally. Obesity may be defined as an abnormal growth of adipose tissue due to an enlargement of adipocytes (hypertrophic obesity) or increase in number of fat cells (hyperplasic obesity) or a combination of both. Abnormal accumulation of Meda Dhatu in body is known as Medodushti. Medodushti includes several numbers of other Medovikaras, which are collectively known as Medoroga. Ayurveda considers Sthaulya roga as a disease due to atisantarpana-over nutrition. Body is made of seven dhatus i.e. rasa, rakta, mamsa, meda, asthi, majja, shukra. Obese patients are nourished excessively by meda dhatu and other remaining dhatus get malnourished. Kapha gets accumulated in between when Kapha is increased in abnormal fashion, fat metabolism and Agni are hampered and person becomes obese.

11

Authors: Bijay Kumar Gupta

Food plays a decisive role in the development, sustenance, reproduction and termination of life. Through centuries, food has been recognized as an important factor for human beings, in health and diseased state. Man has always been interested in food and the history of man to a large extent has been a struggle to obtain food. It is difficult to suggest the right food for all as it may vary from person to person depending on his nature. Therefore food is of supreme significance in the maintenance of healthy body and mind. The ancient science of Ayurveda gives due importance to food and its dietic regulation from long ago. Concept of food (Ahara) is one of the prime and novel concepts of Ayurveda. Since long Ayurveda has believed that food is a milestone in a person‟s health and recently modern science has also adhered to the above concept. Ayurveda gives prime importance to the prevention of diseases by elaborating the right lifestyle for a healthy today and healthier tomorrow. This is meant for strengthening the immune system of the body. Right diet and regimen are essential component of this right lifestyle. Diet is the science of food and its relationship to health. It is concerned primarily with the part played by nutrients in body growth, development and maintenance. Dietetics is the practical application of the principle of nutrition. It includes the planning of food for both the normal and sick persons. A set of dietetic codes has been prescribed by Ayurveda. When food is taken judiciously, according to the codes of dietetics then only the benefits of ahara can be achieved. Any aberration in diets leads to ill health.

12

Authors: Guru Sharan Pal

Ayurveda emphasizes on preventive treatment rather than curative treatment. Acharyas have described ritucharya, dincharya, etc. for prevention of physical, mental and social problems. Modern medicine also accepts that prevention is better than cure. Prevention is only treatment in many diseases like obesity, diabetes, hypertension, AIDS, etc. Preventive and Social Medicine (PSM) is a growing branch in modern medicine. A vast physical, mental and financial damage can be controlled to do small investment in preventive health measures.

6

Authors: Brijendra Singh Tomar and Archana Singh Vishen

Vatsnabha (Aconitum ferox) is categorized under the sthavara visha1 (plant origin). Aconite is a Greek word which means arrow poison. It was used as an arrow poison in Chinese history. Aconite based Ayurvedic medicines are commonly used by Ayurvedic physicians and traditional practitioners in primary healthcare. Even a strong poison can become an excellent medicine if administered properly; on the other hand even the most useful medicine act as a poison if not handled correctly. Vatsnabha is highly toxic in nature even then it is used as a medicine after purification and in therapeutic dose. In therapeutic doses it has capacity to treat many diseases therefore; it is used as an ingredient of various Ayurvedic formulations. Ayurveda proposes a traditional technique of shodhana (purification) to reduce the harmful effects associated with vatsnabha. The review gives us opportunity to understand the toxic effects, medicinal importance, methods of purification, therapeutic dose and antidotes of vatsnabha

8

Authors: Brijendra Singh Tomar and Archana Singh Vishen

Drug addiction is the curse to the Indian society. All the State and Union territory are affected but the condition is worst in Punjab. Statistics reveals that at least 25,426 people committed suicide due to drug and addiction related problem in last 10 years across India. This comes to an average seven suicides per day. Appalling truth is that suicide due to drug related problems exceeds dowry, poverty and money related suicides in India in mast of the last 10 years. According to official data from the ministry of Social justice and empowerment, India has an estimated 3.4 million drug abuse victims. The number excludes alcoholics, who figure at around 11 million in the country. India is highly vulnerable because it is sandwiched between two infamous drug routes and poppy growing areas, namely the „golden crescent‟ on the northwest and „golden triangle‟ on the northeast where drugs is easily available. The Government undertakes remedial measure like Integrated Rehabilitation Centre for Addicts (IRCA) that provides counseling, treatment and rehabilitation services to drug abuse victims. But the numbers of IRCA are only 401, which is an average of overwhelming 8478 victims per IRCA. Out of these 3.4 million drug abuse victims, only 0.3 million have registered themselves in these addiction centers, which is just 10% of total figure. So the whole responsibility cannot be left on Government, so health care professional should come forward to fight addiction.

9

Authors: Hiremath Jyoti, Kumar Ashwani, Sharma Om Prakash, Kaundal Ramesh and Kumar Gaurav

As computers become part of our everyday life more and more people are experiencing a variety of ocular problems related to computer use. Today we are living in a highly sophisticated environment and computer is one of the most developed technologies which are used in present time by the children, the young and the old. More and more people are sitting in front of computer for long hours. Computer is a highly visually demanding task, but the eyes are unable to adjust themselves for long sittings in front of computer, which lead to discomfort coined as Computer Vision Syndrome- An emerging pandemic of 21st century. CVS include eyestrain, tired eyes, irritation, redness, blurred vision, and double vision, collectively referred to as computer vision syndrome. No remedial measures for the prevention and cure of this pathology prevail in the domain of modern medicine except using ocular surface lubricants, computer glasses, and counseling for judicious computer use1 . This opens the door to the other systems of medicine including Ayurveda and Yoga to suggest experiments and contribute alternative modalities to alleviate or to check the sufferings of the computer users.