International Journal of Ayurveda and Pharmaceutical Chemistry

1-6

Authors: Subha Ganguly (Editorial)

The use of ayurvedic herbs is in practice in Indian traditional medicine from ancient era through ages. Worldwide research have proved medicinal herbs to possess anticancer properties and having potentiality in treatment of chronic bone ailments and systemic infections.

21-43

Authors: Kushwaha Ashwani Kumar and Maurya Santosh Kumar1*

Gout is a multi-factorial disorder characterized by hyperuricemia, deposition of uric acid crystals in and around joints as well as in soft tissues. These days its prevalence is increasing due to changes in life style and therefore it has a noteworthy impact on the working population, their work, productivity and physical function. Conventional drugs used in the management of gout have some associated drawbacks. Therefore, it is essential to find out some alternative therapeutic approaches. The clinical features of gout such as sudden burning pain, swelling, redness and tenderness in joints come under the purview of vatarakta (gouty arthritis) in Ayurveda classics. Plant based medicine have gained upward attention in current scenario for the prevention and treatment of gout. In recent years many studies were done in search of new xanthine oxidase inhibitors with fewer side effects than available ones and have more precise effects. Therefore, this manuscript aims to perform an updated systematic review on the available information regarding medicinal plant as well as the classical Ayurvedic monoherbal therapy useful in the treatments of gout.

59-69

Authors: Rohit Mehta1*, VinayKumar KN2, Kiran M Goud3

Healthy skin is the reflection of healthy body where in the affliction of former will not only have an impact on somatic make-up but also on psychological and social aspects of an individual. Among various varieties of Kushta (leprosy), Ekakushta takes upper hand by the way of its chronicity, severity, involving large extent of body parts, difficulty in its curability and is often compared to Psoriasis, a chronic, non-infectious skin disease characterized by well defined, slightly raised, dry, silvery erythematous macules and typical extensor distribution. Ekakushta, as it is predominant of Vata - Kapha dosha, the first line of treatment that comes into picture is Vamana Karma (Emesis Therapy). The prime cause for the manifestation of Kushta is mostly Viruddha Ahara (unwholesome food) which has to be handled by administering Virechana Karma (Purgation Therapy) and Vamana Karma (Emesis Therapy). In toto, the line of treatment of Kushta speaks about both Vamana Karma and Virechana Karma. In this regard, an approach of treatment blended with both Vamana Karma and Virechana Karma may be more effective in treating the disease Ekakushta. Hence, a comparative study was taken up to evaluate the effect of Virechana Karma in Group A and Vamana poorvaka Virechana Karma {Kramataha Shodhana (repetitive purification)} in Group B in the management of Ekakushta w.s.r. to Psoriasis and the results were statistically analysed.

76-97

Authors: Rajesh A Keraliya1*, Chirag A Patel1, Vipul Keraliya2 and Madhabhai M Patel3

Colon targeted pulsatile systems are best for drugs which follow chronopharmacological behavior where, night time dosing is required, drugs have high first-pass effect and specific site of absorption in GIT. In this study, colon targeted pulsatile release tablets of atenolol was prepared using press coating technique to treat hypertension in the early hours of the morning. Pulsatile release of atenlol in colon was achieved by press coating of atenolol core tablet using biodegradable polysaccharides. A biodegradable polymer is a polymer in which the degradation results from the action of naturally occurring microorganisms such as bacteria, algae or fungi. The inability of GIT enzymes to digest certain plant polysaccharides (pectin, guar gum, okara gum) is taken as an advantage to develop colon specific drug delivery systems. The aim of this study is to find out the suitability of newer polysaccharide okara gum for colon targeting of atenolol by compression coating atenolol core tablet with okara gum. The minimum coat weight of okara gum require for colon targeting is optimized. OG4 press coated tablet having 250 mg coat weight of okara gum showed 6 hr lag time and near 7 hr T85%, which is applicable pulsatile drug delivery of atenolol for treating early morning hypertension.

124-129

Authors: R. B. Singh 1*

Water soluble polysaccharide was extracted from Wrightia tinctoria R.Br. (Roxb.) seeds, on acid hydrolysis with sulphuric acid and obtained hydrolysate on paper chromatography led to separation of D-galactose and D-mannose in the molar ratio of 1:3. Periodate oxidized polysaccharide on reduction with sodium borohydride by Smith degradation method followed by acid hydrolysis (H2SO4), yielded polyalcohols as glycerol, erythritol and thritol in the molar ratio of 1.20:4.95:0.009 on paper chromatogram. Derivatives of polyalcohols were produced from seeds polysaccharide as glycerol tri-O-p-nitrobenzoate and tetra-O-tosyl-erythritol. The absorbance of polyalcohols were recorded in photoelectrocolorimeter at 540 mμ for glycerol and erythritol.

1-12

Authors: Kaushal Arushi1 and Arora Ravinder2*

Ayurvedic medicines are being used from time immemorial for prevention and cure of human beings, therefore the efficacy and safety of these medicines is undoubted. However, the quality of these drugs is still a challenge as far as international norms are concerned.1,2 Few ayurvedic herbo-mineral medicines have been banned in western countries and many surveys have reported the adulteration of herbal medicines. Herbal drugs contain numerous groups of compounds in complex matrices in which no single active constituent is responsible for the overall efficacy. This creates a problem in establishing quality control standards and standardization of herbal drugs1. Good manufacturing practice (GMP) is a system for ensuring that products are consistently produced and controlled according to quality standards. It is designed to minimize the production of adulterated and substandard medicines. GMP covers all aspects of production: - from the starting materials, premises and equipment to the training and personal hygiene of staff. GMP is the guidelines which, - governs the production, distribution and supply of the drug. These days, there is an increased concern for heavy metal toxicity with ayurvedic medicines. GMP also covers batch manufacturing records, distribution records and records of market complaints. Thus it ensures proper pharmacovigilance of ayurvedic medicines. It essential to produce high-quality and standardized medicines if we want global acceptance of Ayurvedic medicines which can be achieved by proper education and enforcement of GMP.

16-20

Authors: Deepak Kumar Ahuja1* and Vandana2

Nasya is a kind of Panchkarna treatment for body cleansing used in Ayurvedic medicine. Administration of drugs by the route of nasal cavity is termed as nasya, nāvana, nasya karma are synonymous to nasya. The nose is the gateway into the head, the sinuses and deeper into the lungs. Different types of nasya come under two main categories, which are Shamana and Shodana. Shamana nasya helps to pacify an imbalance and is generally more calming and nourishing to nervous system. On the other hand, Shodana Nasya helps to remove the imbalanced excess from the body, therefore more detoxifying and clearing for the channels of the head. In present review article, we have tried to understand the mode of action i.e. pharmacodynamices of Nasya kama.

12

Authors: Debasis Panigrahi1* and P. Suresh 2

Shilajatu is one of the most essential raw materials among various rasa dravyas described. It has been greatly acclaimed in classical as well as rasa literature as rasayan and extensively used in practice in the form of rejuvenating agent. In the present study the extracts of various classical and contemporary outcome regarding the shilajatu has been reviewed.

8

Authors: Prasad Kulkarni1 and Pravin Joshi2*

There are many concepts in Ayurvedic science which are not yet fully understood & stree shukra is one of these concepts. There is very little description of stree shukra in classics. As there are seven dhatus in female sharir the exact role and physiology of stree shukra is essential to understand. An attempt is made to interpret the concept of stree shukra & understand the same.

12

Authors: Dammalapati Srikantha1 and Rudra Raju Ramesh Raju1*

A reversed phase-high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method was developed for determination of Lorazepam in the tablet dosage form. The developed method was validated by measuring the parameters such as linearity range, precision, limit of detection (LOD), robustness, ruggedness, drug recovery and for the system suitability. In the HPLC method, acetonitrile: methanol (65:35 v/v) was the mobile phase, C18 column (250 mm x 4.5 mm x 5 μm), pH 4.3 and detection wavelength was 224 nm. The measured retention time of Lorazepam was found to be 4.68 minutes, which is the shortest time compared to the values reported so far. The limit of detection was 0.3μg/ml and the linearity was found to be in the range 10-100 μg/ml. The correlation coefficient value was 0.9998 and a low relative standard deviation (RSD < 1%) was obtained for linearity, precision and robustness. From the above observed parameters it can be concluded that the developed method satisfies to be a powerful tool in determination of Lorazepam drug in tablet dosage forms.