International Journal of Ayurveda and Pharmaceutical Chemistry

4

Authors: Apoorwa Kishor Hend

Chickenpox is caused due to varicella-zoster virus. This virus spreads via air or by direct contact with the infected person. It generally affects children aged below 10 years but rarely occurs in adults. In Chickenpox there is appearance of itchy blisters all over the body area. Taking chickenpox vaccine once between 10 & 15 months and then in between 4 & 6 years is the best preventive measure for this disease. However, even vaccinated children might get diagnosed with a milder form of chickenpox. In Ayurveda, Chickenpox is called as "laghu masurika". It is a type of tridoshaj Vikar. For this in Ayurveda, Panchakarma therapies like vamana & external applications of various lepa's by using herbs like nimba are useful. In Ayurveda, herbs like Yashtimadhu, Guduchi, Haridra & Manjishtha are used as blood-purifying agents which is useful to clear the infection from the body. Isolate affected individual in a clean environment & use sterile clothes & objects in daily routine improves recovery of patient & prevents spread of chickenpox.

6

Authors: Vidya Dharne, Pritilata Vinod Hire

Fissure means a crack. It is a longitudinal crack in the long axis of the lower anal canal, but in reality, it is a true ulcer of the skin of the wall of the anal canal. Anal fissure may be acute or chronic. Chronic anal fissures, one of the most painful conditions, need surgical intervention in form of Fissurectomy 1 , which is considered to be the gold standard method of management of chronic fissures. For better outcomes these Fistulectomy wounds need care. In this study total 10 patients of fissurectomy were selected from OPD and Sarivadi gel use for dressing locally in each patient for 7 days daily. Patients were assessed on following parameters such as pain, burning sensation, Granulation, and discharge through wound. The significant improvement was observed in sign and symptom after treatment.

7

Authors: Kiran, Brijendra Singh Tomar2 and Satbir Kumar Chawla

Nowadays, consuming packed foods has become a trend around the world affecting all age groups. Food preservation is an ancient technique, where people would store food with natural additives, however, with advanced technology and changing environment conditions people shifted towards artificial methods. In India, Food Safety and Standard Authority lays down science-based standards for processed and packaged food, it also regulates their manufacture, storage, distribution, sale and import to ensure the availability of safe and wholesome food for human consumption. Packaged food refers to any dietary product kept inside a box, bag or container. These processed foods have a longer life because of addition of food preservatives. In addition to this, flavor enhancers contribute towards the satisfying taste of these products. To exemplify, chips, soft drinks, biscuits, jams and noodles are being used in our day-to-day lives. Concern regarding food additives has increased in past few decades. The long-term use of such food articles can deteriorate the mental and physical health of the individual. They also make us more vulnerable to non-communicable disease.

8

Authors: Harvendra Devpal, Shaifali Sharma2 , Purushottam Das Sharma3 and Dinesh Kumar Sharma

Ayurveda is a branch of life science that focuses on preserving bodily wellness as a whole. The body is divided into six divisions according to ayurveda, which is known as Shadanga Shareer. Four Shakha (extrimities), Madhya Shareer (trunk), and Shira (Head) constitute this Shadanga Shareer. Shira, who is a component of Trimarma (Vital Organ), is the Pradhan Indriya among all. Most memory issues, according to Ayurveda, are associated with the kapha dosha, which is known for its dense, thick, mushy, and sticky characteristics. The "film" of the brain's white matter, or Tarpaka, a subdosha of Kapha, serves as a storage medium for memories, experiences, and emotions. The brain and other nerve tissue are nourished and safeguarded by this unique tissue. The common symptoms of Kapha stagnation include heaviness and a dull mind. A blood that has an oily, thick consistency from having high triglycerides (or blood fat), which may result in a slow flow of blood through the blood-brain barrier, is an indication of high Kapha. Fasting is recommended by Ayurveda to strengthen the brain and neurological system, promote digestion, and rid the body of impurities. Energy is turned inward during a fast in an effort to purify and detoxify the body. For three to five days, one can follow a khichari fast, a filling dish made from split mung dal and white basmati rice. Our brain requires nutrition to remain healthy and function correctly, just like our body does. The brain consumes a lot of energy. To maintain concentration throughout the day, the body consumes about 20% of its daily caloric intake. Omega-3 fatty acids support brain cell growth and repair. There are many natural brain nutrients that we need to start including into our everyday diets right away.

8

Authors: Aarti Kaushik, M B Gaur

The key to perfect health lies in maintaining an ideal lifestyle from the time of birth with balance of physical, mental, social, spiritual and environmental factors. One needs to focus on all aspects for a life free from disease. In this era, every person is so busy in earning and achieving goals of life that they risk their health. Ignorance of healthy and nutritious diet, prolonged working hours, sedentary lifestyle and mental stress affects health to major extent. Amlapitta is one of the diseases caused by improper lifestyle, diet and excessive stress which affects the digestion of food thereby causing other gastrointestinal ailments. A detailed review of amlapitta along with measures to prevent and manage this disease is described here. Good sleep, nourishing diet, regular exercise, regular meditation and yoga, positive attitude enhance the quality of health and do not allow us to fall victim to faulty lifestyle.

9

Authors: Vanya Gupta, Ved Bhushan Sharma2 , Aditi Yadav3 , Indermani4 and Jyoti Negi

Background: Since time immemorial, Indians have relied on the traditional and highly esteemed Ayurvedic medicines. Ayurveda emphasizes on maintaining and enhancing the health of healthy people while also offering a method for the treatment of ailments. Chikitsa is mainly based on 3 principles i.e. , Nidan parivarjana, Shodhana and Shamana. Agadtantra, a branch in Astanga Ayurveda that focuses specifically on diagnosing and treating acute, chronic, and cumulative toxicity, as well as identifying poisons and their effects. In these conditions, Agadas (antitoxic formulations) in Ayurveda, which comprises of combination of antitoxic herbs or herbo-mineral combinations, can be very helpful. The bulk of diseases in the modern world are brought by toxin build up in the body and harm enzymes, blocking the formation of haemoglobin, which accelerates ageing. Nirvishikarana (Detoxification) is hence necessary. Agadas with Vishaharatwa (Antitoxic) property detoxifies the body and are more effective and quicker in action than other formulations in treating general disorders due to their potent components. Aim: To analyse the use of Agada preparations in the current scenario. Material: The information on various Agadas was gathered from Samhitas and other traditional Ayurvedic texts. Analysis was done on different websites and reports to get information on Agadas and for their relevance in the present situation. Result: Agadas have a wide range of properties like anti-oxidant, anti-microbial, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory actions, etc, and are particularly adept at handling all situations of cumulative toxicity. Drug efficacy is increased when administered after Panchakarma because drug absorption occurs quickly in a detoxified body. Conclusion: Based on the properties and effects of Agada, we can estimate to what extent it would be beneficial in curing diseases with varied aetiologies . Panchakarma (Shodhana) has curative, preventative, and positive effects on the body. Therefore, combination of Agada with Panchakarma as a preventive measure, will finally help in successfully curing all ailments.

5

Authors: Divyesh Trivedi, Upendra U Zala2 and Rejoice N. Macwan

Vati kalpana is a formulation of Ayurvedic Pharmaceutics developed basing upon the Panchavidha Kashaya Kalpana in which the fine powder of raw drugs (Herbal or Herbo-mineral) are triturated along with liquid media to a fine paste, prepared in the form of pills or tablets. It is the modified form of kalka kalpana to increase the shelf life. The synonyms of Vati (tablets) are Gutika (pills), Modaka (Large size pills) and Varti (draggees). These are the names given for Vati Kalpana on the basis of shape, palatability, easy administration, convenient form for dispensing and transportation are the asset points of Vati Kalpana. Drakshadi Gutika mentioned in Yogartnakara in amplapittachikitasa1 is chosen for the present study is because of its simple ingredients and easy method of preparation. An attempt is made here to analyze the parameters of Gutika Kalpana as per API standards for Drakshadi Gutika, like Loss on drying, Total Ash Value, pH, Alcohol soluble extractive, Water soluble extractive Acid Insoluble ash, water insoluble ash, starch, alkaloids, Saponin, flavonoids, glycosides, tannins and steroids.

6

Authors: Aparna. S

Every human being lives here for the purpose of salvation and that too in an easier and better way. They hear and practise various techniques to attain the same. Yoga is the union of physical, mental spiritual practises which got originated in ancient India. Even from the Vedic period the ways of attaining moksha through understanding and following pathways are explained. Yogic science teaches the ways to function an individual’s atman though five sheaths of the body termed panchakosha. They are related to body, breath, mind, wisdom and an absolute fullness of being. Terms like aadhi and vyadhi helps to understand the concept in a better way. A critical analysis over the topic is a hope of ray of understanding the clinically manifested diseases can be cured also under the name of panchakosha.

7

Authors: Tejashwini M Rajanal, Ravikrishna S2 , Shubha P U 3 and Chaitra Hebbar

Introduction: Ayurveda literature explains the panchamahabhuta theory which is considered fundamental to our body and nature. Jala (water) is one of the panchamahabhutas. It is the most abundant and essential element of an ecosystem. About 70% of human body is composed of water. Currently availability of fresh water is a major concern. Water is said to be contaminated when it contains pathogens or harmful chemical substances and is said to be polluted.[3] Water contains impurities that are natural and manmade. Usage of polluted water may affect human, animals and birds such as intoxication and produces diseases. The concept of jalashuddikarana removing its contamination and make it consumable. Dushitajala lakshana, its treatment and its preventions are explained in Samhitas and Nighantus. Dhavadi Bhasma is one of the jaladishudhikarana yogas mentioned in the Kriyakoumudi-A Malayalam textbook of Vishachikitsa, which helps to enhance its properties and retain its benefits. Materials and Methods: The comprehensive review of Dhavadi Bhasma formulation is done from the literature, emphasizing its properties and actions in water purification. Observation and results: Dhavadi Bhasma explained by Kriyakoumudi contains eight drugs, all of which have Vishahara and Krimigna properties and can be used in water purification.

7

Authors: Kirti Soni, Kavita Kanyal2 and Vijay Shankar Pandey

Janapadoddhwamsa described in the Charaka Samhita is similar to Sushruta's Maraka, Vagbhatta's Ekogada, and endemic or pandemic in current modern medical science. Its literal meaning is the destruction of the Janapada i.e., population. Acharya Charaka has rendered various reasons for the destruction of Janapada at different levels in details like- earthquakes, volcanoes, landslides, and world war, etc. All/various reasons are not the main subject of this study, only the Janapadoddhwamsa arising from the same type of infectious disease like COVID-19 in which all people are attacked by the same disease at the same time and resulting in death is its subject. Air, water, space, and time are the basic components of the environment and due to the violation of these environmental components, Sadvritta, etc, the origin of Bhuta is possible. In this study, it has been found that these Bhutas are similar to the virus of modern, and Bhutaghna medicines have also been proven to be antiviral. In the above situations, along with nidana parivarjana i.e., avoidance of causative factors, following mainly good habits, good conduct, abandoning the place and living in an auspicious place, Shanti karma (peace work), use of Rasayan drugs, Samshaman drugs, Achara rasayan is advised. It has been found in the study, following good habits increases immunity which works for both prevention and cure.

8

Authors: Suman, Brijendra Singh Tomar2 and Satbir Kumar Chawla

In a country like India, production of agriculture is the most important factor which influences the economic development of a country. The population of India in 2022 is 1.40 crores (approx.) To meet the demands of agricultural goods and to feed the increasing population, use of fertilizers and pesticides has increasing day by day. The farmers use various agrochemicals to protect crops from pests. These can do the growth of food grains, vegetables, and fruits but also affects human health. Although pesticides are prepared through very strict regulation processes to function with minimal impact on human health and the environment, serious concerns have been raised about health risks resulting from occupational exposure and from residue in food and drinking water. High level exposure to selected organochlorines appears to cause abnormalities of liver function, skin and nervous system. Many effects depend on the toxicity of the pesticide, the dose applied, the weather conditions, and how long the pesticide persists in the environment. Therefore, an urgent strategic approach is needed for a reduction in use of agrochemicals and for the implementation of sustainable practices. It should be noted that washing and peeling cannot completely remove residues.

10

Authors: Lalit Mohan Bhatt, Swati Bhatt2 , Prashant Kumar Gupta3 , Satyawati Rathia4 and Lowkesh Chandravanshi

Ayurveda the ancient wisdom of medical science says, Tridoshas are uniformly distributed and not present in their absolute or individual form in the human body but their individual spectrum is variable in nature according to age, diurnal and geographical variations, physiological changes and, may dominant over others. Ayurveda consider Balyavastha as an age of growth and development and physiological predominance of Kapha Dosha, which plays a critical role in clinical presentation and further management of the Paediatric disease. Kapha Dosha provide Asharay i.e. base for physiological activities of Vata and Pitta, it is major structural and nutritional composition of various tissues of human body, representative of developing immune system in the children and responsible for psychological characteristics like delayed ability to take initiations for any work, good mental stability and strength, capability of determination, prestige. Thus, any vitiation of Kapha Dosha caused in an iatrogenic manner may cause physical, immunological as well as mental disturbances, so there should be a balanced approach with special consideration of Kapha Dosha, during planning the treatment in Kaumarabhritya.

13

Authors: Patil Shilpa Sanjiv, Kodape D T 2 and Dhimdhime R S

The present study was conducted to study the effect of Nadishodhana Pranayama on Dehabala in 100 volunteers which are Ayurveda college students from study area. Udanavayu is considered as Pavanottama as cited in Sushruta Samhita. Bala is a function of Udana Vayu stated by Acharya Vagbhat.Bala is very broad term in Ayurveda. In present study only physical strength was assessed by applying objective criteria these are Vital Capacity, Breath Holding Time and Harvard Step Test. Pranayama which is 4 th step from Astanga Yoga. Pranayama means an art of control the vital force by breath. It is a breathing exercise regulating inward breath (inhalation) and exhalation. By regular practicing of Pranayama one can get good physical and mental health and efficacy in respiratory control. Life span of human being is depending upon it. If respiration rate of an individual is minimum, maximum will be the duration of life and vice versa. Now a days due to sedentary and indiscriminate lifestyle many disorders, health issues are occurring. All are not controlled by medicines, there is need of Yoga in which Pranayama plays an important role. By inclusive and exclusive criteria selected volunteers were subjected to do Nadishodhana Pranayama daily 10 min for three months. Objective criteria parameters were assessed and noted before and after starting of Pranayama. Baseline data was collected and assessed statistically and clinically, significantly changes were found in all parameters. According to observations and results obtained it was concluded that the there was effect of Nadishodhana Pranayama on Dehabala.

5

Authors: Navya K, Febin Joy

Introduction: Sushruta Samhita includes Upamana as a Pramana. Consequently usage of analogies in this revered text is extensive. Exploring the analogies reveals various aspects related to the base and the target domain involved in an analogy. Methodology: The analogy in the quote was critically studied by referring the views of commentators and thereafter collecting information related to cellular energy through internet source and contemporary books. Results: A critical analysis of one of the quote in Sushruta Samhita reveals the role of Tridosha in the production, maintenance and distribution of energy in a cell. Macronutrients play the visarjana role of kapha, enzymatic break down of macronutrients and cellular metabolism carry out the Adana karma of Pitta and rotatory movement of ATP Synthase performs the Vikshepa karma of Vata. Discussion: Abstract information conveyed by the usage of analogies when explored throws insight on the subtle aspects of the concerned topic as in the example considered here.

5

Authors: Chaitra L V

Atisara is a condition where watery stool are passed in excess several times a day through anus. Ayurvedic literature records it as both a symptom and an independent disease. Atisara can be correlated with diarrhea. Bhavaprakasha Nighantu is one among the laghutrayees, has described about 426 dravyas. Among 426 dravyas, 34 herbs are described as Atisarahara dravyas, Beside this saraloha from loha varga, Vileshaya from mamsa varga, Ajadugdha from dugdhda varga, takra from takra varga, gomutra from mutra varga, madhu from madhu varga, madhu khand from ikshu varga were also indicated in Atisara. In Ayurveda classic various drugs are described for the treatment of Atisara, so here attempt was made to enlist and analyse the drugs indicated in Atistara from Bhavaprakasha Nighantu.

7

Authors: Roshni Koted, Vijaypal Tyagi2 , Manisha Goyal3 , Govind Sahay Shukla4 and Rajaram Agarwal

The present study is carried out to evaluate the haematological effect of Draksha Avaleha in iron deficiency anaemia (Pandu) as claimed in the texts and to assess the rodents were selected for the study because of various reasons viz. ready availability, economic feasibility and wide applicability for such studies. Among the various models, Phenylhydrazine induced iron deficiency anaemia (Pandu) model has been applied in the study. The drug dose was calculated following the normal procedures and the effect was significant found in mices.

7

Authors: Rina Dodiya, Jigisha Prajapati2 , Pratixakumari Chaudhari3 , Rajesh Kumar Sharma4 and Harshit Shah

Ayurveda has immense potential to solve many challenging and unsolved problems of the medical world among them Arsha is one of the disease The prevalence rate of haemorrhoids is the highest among all anorectal illnesses, a fact that has been known for thousands of years. Arsha (Haemorrhoids) is a clinical term for a disorder in which the hemorrhoidal venous plexus is engorged and the anal cushion is abnormally displaced and enlarged. This condition is marked by prolapsed pile mass, rectus bleeding, and some anus discharge, among other symptoms. There are many different treatment methods available, ranging from parasurgical to surgical care. Despite significant advancements in the field of surgery, treatment results are still insufficient. In these circumstances Ayurveda is preferred. They are adamant that Ayurveda offers superior treatments for haemorrhoids. Therefore, it appears necessary to review the specifics of the Ayurvedic perspective on haemorrhoids.

8

Authors: Pallavi Yeshwantrao Patil

As per Ayurveda Ahara, Nidra and Brahmacharya are Trayopastambha. When they are judiciously used, they give support to the body by giving strength, colour and growth for whole life span. Among them “Aahar” is very much essential for sustainment of life of all living beings, it is stated to be responsible for both Aarogya and Vyadhi. Aacharya Charak described food substances in to twelve groups, one of them is Goras Varga (milk and its products) in which Takra included, while explaining qualities of Takra (buttermilk) said that it is used in Shoph (swelling), Udara (ascites), Arsha (piles), Grahani (colitis), Mutragrah (dysuria), Aruchi (loss of taste), Snehvyapad, Pandu (Anaemia) and Garvish (Poison). Takra which is one of Aahardravya explained in various Vyadhi Chikitsa, so the study is planned to review about Takra in detail from Charak Samhita which is easily available & can be used in curing various diseases.

10

Authors: Singh Divya, Vijayendra Bhat G

Objectives of the study- To evaluate the efficacy of Mahakalyanaka Ghrita in the management of Vataja Unmada/Schizophrenia and to study the etiopathogenesis of the disease. Methods: Design of the StudyOpen labelled clinical study with pre and post-test design. Patient Source-Sri Dharmasthala Manjunatheshwara Ayurveda Hospital Kuthpady, Udupi. Study selection- Twenty patients diagnosed with Vataja Unmada/Schizophrenia were selected irrespective of their caste, creed and gender. InterventionMahakalyanaka ghrita was administered in 24gm dose with warm water once in the morning at 8 am on empty stomach for 28 days. Follow up- Patients were treated with study medicine for 28 days and follow up period was 28 days. Total duration of study- 56 days.Statistical analysis: The statistical analysis was done using paired t test. Results: Improvement of 7.91% in Vataja unmada rating scale, 16.33% in manobhava rating scale and 9.68% in positive and negative syndrome scale was seen. Conclusion-Mahakalyanaka Ghrita is safe and effective in reducing the symptoms of Vataja unmada/schizophrenia.

13

Authors: Deepthi, Shrikanth P H2 and Likhita D N

BACKGROUND Prameha is mentioned under Ashta Maha Gada in Ayurveda classics because of the properties like Asadhyatva and Maranatmakatva. It not only harms the physiology of the body but also ends up in the formation of Upadravas like Prameha Pidaka. In the present era Prameha is correlated to DM because of the similarities in the signs and symptoms of both the diseases. Due to the multisystem involvement, varied presentation, complications and various adverse effects and limitations of currently available medications, the treatment which acts very fast without causing much discomfort to the patient is the need of the hour. In order to have comprehensive treatment mode, Daivavyapashraya Chikitsa in Prameha has to be focussed. Hence this study focusses on new aspect of Chikitsa in Prameha through Daivavyapashraya. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the necessity of Daivavyapashraya Chikitsa in the management of disease Prameha. METHODOLOGY: Review of the classical literature including Charaka Samhita with commentary of Chakrapani, Sushruta Samhita with commentary of Dalhana, Ashtanga Hrudaya with Hemadri commentary and Ashtanga Sangraha with Shashilekha commentary and articles, internet sources and Sanskrit dictionaries bearing the description of Daivavyapashraya Chikitsa. DISCUSSION: Daivavyapashraya Chikitsa is considered as Ashukari and cures the disease without much difficulties. Prameha is one such disease which is included under Ashta Mahagada because of its incurable nature. Though there is no direct reference of implementation of Daivavyapashraya Chikitsa in Prameha in Ayurveda Classics, the present paper will do the literary analysis of the mode of action of Mantra Chikitsa on Prameha. CONCLUSION: Prameha is either Sahaja Vyadhi which may be because of Poorvajanmakrita karma or Apathya Nimittaja Vyadhi or Manasika Vyadhi, hence there is a need for Daivavyapashraya Chikitsa in the form of Mantra is definitely effective.

5

Authors: Akansha Kapoor, Sunita Suman

Woman is one of the most beautiful creations of God and is bestowed with the precious blessing of achieving motherhood, which is the most wonderful period in her life. After delivery, her body takes time to revert back to the pre-pregnant state. This is the puerperal period or sutika avastha as described in Ayurveda. Sutika Makkal is a post-delivery complication mainly seen in women who do not follow sutika paricharya. It is the apana vayu that is responsible for natural propulsion of artava and mala. Whereas, vitiated apana vayu moves in a way opposite to its normal downward direction causing retention of vitiated rakta inside the uterus which is responsible for this type of pain. Yavakshar has been quoted in Ashtang Sangraha for the effective management of Makkala Shoola. Due to its vatakaphashamaka and shoolahara properties, it can prove to be an excellent remedy for treating Sutika Makkal Shoola.

5

Authors: Keval S. Monapara, Nirali Thacker2 and Vandna Raval

Avascular necrosis is the death of bone tissue because of scarcity of blood supply. Also mentioned as osteonecrosis. It can cause minute fractures and may collapse of the bone. It is caused due to an injury or enduring use of steroid drugs in large dose and excessive alcohol intake. AVN femoral head is the most usual type of necrosis because the artery supplying this area is very slender that gets injured easily followed by simple dislocation or fracture which leads to lack of blood supply leading to necrosis. According to modern science, there is no specific therapy instead of surgery. According to the principle of ayurveda Vata, Pita, Rakta Dosha play major role in prognosis of AVN along with involvement of Asthi and Majja Kshaya. One case of bilateral femoral head AVN has been treated with Deepan Pachan, followed by Panchtiktaghrita and Vatshamak Dravya, Panchtiktsksheerbasti. symptomatic improvements were seen in the patient according to signs and symptoms before and after treatment. Observation: The outcomes were inspiring. Therapy has resulted in a marked enhancement in the gait, pain and tenderness.

6

Authors: Sonal Meena, Tarana Ameta2 and Dinesh Kumar Sharma

Anatomy is science that deals with the different structures of human body like bones, joints, Twacha, different sense organs and kala etc. Relevant knowledge of anatomy is very important for better understanding of diseases and their cure in form of medicinal or surgical process.In the Sushrut Samhita, Acharaya Sushruta explains Kala, a unique Ayurvedic concept. In the Garbhavyakaran Sharir Chapter of the Sharir Sthan, Acharya Sushruta mentioned the concepts of Kala while explaining the detailed development of body parts. The body has a total of seven Kala. Between Dhatu and Aashaya, there is a limiting membrane or layer in our body called Kala. These are extremely small particles that are invisible to the naked eye, just like cells. Their functions in the body can help you understand them. The word Kala implies "property" or "quality," so these are unique membranes in the body that play an important role in body physiology. The body has many layers or membranes that form an envelope around the organs. Kala refers to the cell membranes that distinguish each cell from the others.

7

Authors: Aarti Kaushik, M B Gaur

Ayurveda being the most holistic and ancient medicinal system is well known for maintenance and promotion of health in which the role of Vyayama (exercise/structured physical activities) plays a significant role. It emphasizes on the firm affinity between the body, mind and spirit. Life or living being has been conceived as a composite entity consisting of a physical body superadded with highly sensitive sense perception. In Ayurveda, health is denoted by equilibrium between body, mind, spirit and social well-being. It is stated that the Health is a state of normalcy characterized by balanced equilibrium of the three Dosas, the thirteen types of Agnis, seven types of Dhatus and the Malas besides the optimum happiness of the Mind (Manas), senses(indriyas) and the spirit (Atma). Vyayama or physical exercise is very much important in today‟s life to keep one healthy and disease free. Vyayama helps in maintainence of healthy state of an individual by maintaining balance of three Doshas (i.e., Vata, Pitta and Kapha), stimulation of Agni (~ digestive and metabolic strength), enhances Oja (~ mental and physical capacity to resist diseases) and helps in maintenance of homeostasis. The intensity and amount of vyayama should be done as per proper guidelines to avoid any adverse effect. The effects of exercises varies as per different prakriti. Vyayama stimulates digestive fire which in turn is associated for all the functioning and metabolism of body thereby playing an important role in maintenance of health of an individual.

7

Authors: Jigna Patel, Vaibhavi N. Patel

Abscess is a collection of pus in the body. The acute and chronic phases of the same anorectal infection are referred to as an abscess and a fistula, respectively. The causative factors of abscesses are germs, such as bacteria and foreign substances entering the body through needles piercing the skin and contaminating the injection site. An infection in the anal glands, which spreads to adjacent spaces and causes a fistula, is the first sign of an abscess. The management is described in two step procedure involving incision and drainage followed with fistula management. According to Acharya Sushruta – " Sheegra vidhahivat " . Acharya Sushruta mentions that if vidradhi attains pakvaavastha, bhedana is the first line of treatment to drain the pus and later, it should be treated as Vrana. In this case study female patient, age 65 years old came to the OPD of Akhandanand Ayurved Hospital, Ahmedabad with the complaints of left gluteal region swelling and pain, unable to sit, pain during defecation since 6 months. Patient was diagnosed as left sided Ischiorectal abscess and treated with bhedan (incision) and ksharsutra technique. After every week thread was changed and wound was completely healed with normal scar without any complication within two and half months.

8

Authors: Vinod Katoch, Prashant Kumar Jha

Purpose- Pharmacognostical study of bark of Chirbilva Holoptelia integrifolia is done for identification in field and to avoid adulteration by standardization. Methods- Drug is studied taxonomically and its macroscopic ,microscopic features were studied including powder microscopy of bark with suitable instruments. Results- Macroscopic study reveals dried bark from trunk of old branches was flat, somewhat curved in shape. Outer surface was grayish brown in color with blackish brown adherent patches of rhytidoma while inner surface was yellow in color. Outer surface was rough, warty due to rounded protuberances of the lenticels. Microscopic study reveals rhytidoma traversed with stone cells, followed by narrow zone of parenchymatous cortex with stone cells. Phloem was very wide, traversed with wavy medullary rays, tangential bands of fibers and stone cells. Uni-to triseriate medullary rays was observed.Powder microscopy reveals fragments of lignified cork with stone cells. Isolated or groups of thickwalled spherical to oblong shaped, pitted stone cells and septate fibres were present. Prismatic crystals of calcium oxalate and simple starch grains were scattered as such throughout or embedded in parenchymatous cells. Fragments of tangentially and radially-longitudinally cut medullary rays associated with fibres were seen. Conclusion: Finding of this study will falicitate pharmacognostic standardization of plant material and become an aid for identification as well as preparation of herbal monographs for the species and to enjoy the ayuvedic classical claims.

8

Authors: Geetha Kumar

The Marmas are the places where soma (kapha), maruta (vāyu) and tejas (pitta) representing three doṣa the three Gunas, rajas, satva and tamas, and the bhūtatma resides. According to Siddhasystem Varma is vital life energy points located in body and identified as 108 by siddhar. Varmam is the condition in which the blockage of vital energy in the body to produce the disease. This blockage occurs due to external injury, psychological stress and their effects through doṣā. In the siddha system of medicine varmam points has not only explained for traumatic effect but therapeutically the stimulation of surroundingVarma point as a treatment can restore the affected health. The study symbiotically put forward the knowledge of marma, marmabhighatalakshana from ayurvedic marma with therapeutic knowledge of siddha varmatherapy to cure certain diseases.

8

Authors: Sonal Gupta, Sudama Singh Yadav

Health is the homeostasis of Dosha, Dhatu, malas, agni, and ojas and disturbances in the homeostasis result in the condition known as Disease. There are various factors responsible for disturbance of this homeostasis. Diet is the major factor for maintaining homeostasis of all Dhatus and consequently all physiological phenomena. There are other factors also which affect our health like physical activity, infectious agents, various abnormal environmental conditions and our genetic material. Both sthaulya and Diabetes are due to the abnormal and excessive diet, lack of physical exercise and genetic material also play an important role in the manifestation of the disease. In sthaulya, according to Ayurveda, dushya is meda dhatu while in Diabetes drava roopa kapha is main dosha and there are 10 dushya(rasa, rakta, mansa, meda, majja, shukra, ojas, kleda vasa, lasika)which participate in the pathogenesis. In this article, the relationship between sthaulya and prameha will be reviewed and analysed.

9

Authors: Neha Joshi, Punita Pandey2 , Arun Kumar Tripathi3 and Vipin Kumar

Introduction: Ayurveda is the ancient Indian system of medicine, in which the clinical approach is based on preventive, curative and promotive aspect. To make ayurvedic diagnosis and treatment more accurate research in the area of clinical principles of Ayurveda, which are described in various ayurvedic literatures, is required. Prameha is one of the most common and favourite topics for research in Ayurveda, mainly due to its high incidence rate. Objective: Till date, lot of research work has been done in Prameha. To collect various studies on Prameha and to observe shortcomings and scope for future studies. Data source: Ayurvedic Research Database (ARD), “Shodhganga”- A reservoir of Indian thesis. Result: Exploration of untapped areas of research in Prameha is indispensable for the development and propagation of Ayurveda based management of Prameha. Conclusion: The tendency of research works reflects the need for a change in thinking during the selection of the subject, aims and objectives, to avoid repetition of same work.

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Authors: Nanditha M

Fruits are the most requisite component of a healthy diet. They are the natural and prime sources of vitamins and carbohydrates. Fruits are also extensively used by the traditional medical practitioners for curing various diseases in their day-to-day practice. It is important to have the knowledge of proper sources of fruits which are currently and most commonly available. Kharjuri is one such utilitarian traditional medicinal plant in India, for which four varieties have been mentioned in Bhavaprakasha Nighantu. Understanding its current sources based on the actions mentioned in the classics is necessary to include it in the practice. Currently there are around seven varieties of Kharjura available, but only four varieties have been mentioned along with their actions and properties in Bhavaprakasha Nighantu – Bhumi Kharjuri or Kshudra Kharjuri, Pinda Kharjuri, Chohara Kharjuri, Sulemani Kharjuri. Present review aids to understand the actions of different varieties of Kharjura along with its ethnobotanical practices with a view to imbibe it in the clinical practice.

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Authors: Ashvin B. Bagde, Asha T. Ramteke2 and Sushil Yanpallewar

Pramanas, the means or source for gaining the valid or true knowledge have their special importance in Ayurveda in terms of literary research, clinical practice and therapeutics. Pramanas are mainly contributions of Nyaya darshana and has given four pramanas viz. Shabda Pramana (Authoritative statement), Pratyaksha (Direct Perception), Anumana (Inference) and Upamana (Analogy) as a valid source of true knowledge. Upamana pramana is one among them. Upamana pramana reflects the knowledge of similarity. It is a method of comparing an unknown object with a known object for acquiring the knowledge about the unknown one. The compared known object is very well known even a layman would identify it easily. Through upama, any subject's understanding becomes very simple and transparent. As a result, the Acharya in Ayurveda have used the upama to simplify and clarify the subject so that complicated concerns linked to disease diagnosis and treatment can be easily comprehended. In spite of all these, necessity and utility of Upamana Pramana is the most ignored in the field of research by the faculty of Ayurveda. While going through the Samhita Granthas, it is noticed that various Upama are mentioned are in scattered form. So in this study, some well-known examples of diseases related to specific upama will be collected from Ayurvedic samhitas in order to explain differential diagnosis between two diseases or types of diseases with presence of specific character related to color, size, shape and appearance.

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Authors: Pariksha Sharma, Yogesh Kumar Pandey

Background: Tamaka swasa, is a clinical condition characterised by swasakruchrta (dyspnoea), due to obstruction of pranvaha srotas by vitiation of Kapha and Vata doshas leading to partiloma gati (inverse movement) of Vata. It has manifestations similar to Bronchial Asthma, a disorder of airways hyperresponsiveness resulting in wheeze, breathlessness, chest tightness and coughing. According to the Indian Study on Epidemiology of Asthma, Respiratory Symptoms, and Chronic Bronchitis (INSEARCH), the asthma prevalence across India is approximately 2.05 per cent among those aged more than 15 years. Aim: This study aims to evaluate and compare the effectiveness of Abhaya-Nagara Churna and Vasavleha in Tamaka Swasa. Materials and Methods: This will be a single-centred, open-label, randomized clinical trial. The patients diagnosed with asthma will be selected and randomly divided into 2 groups. Vasavleha will be allocated to group A and Abhaya-Sunthi Churna to group B for 28 days. Haematological examination, spirometry and ACT score with a recall period of four weeks will be assessed before treatment and after treatment, while assessment of severity criteria will be done on 1st, 7th, 14th and 28th day. AQLQ score with recall period of two week will be assessed at the 1st, 14th and 28th days. Follow-up of 30 days will be done. The effect of the therapy will be evaluated based on the changes in subjective and objective parameters with a ‘p’ value < 0.05 as significant. Discussion and Conclusion: The discussion and conclusion will be drawn on the basis of statistical analysis and symptomatic relief of overall assessment.

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Authors: Deepthi, Shrikanth P H2 and Likhita D N

Literature review helps to fill the gap between the existing knowledge and textual knowledge. It is very hard to find extensive and exclusive information regarding any single matter of interest especially in Ayurvedic texts. Daivavyapashraya Chikitsa is one such area which demands thorough literary research which is attempted in the present study. Daivavyapashraya Chikitsa is one among Trividha Chikitsa which is mentioned first in the order considering its importance in the treatment of diseases. Chakrapani clearly mentions that Daivavyapashraya Chikitsa is indeed Sadhyo Vyadhihara and Akleshakari. In the present study, a critical analysis of the concept of Daivavyapashraya Chikitsa is done. Methodology: Review of the classical literature including Charaka Samhita with commentary of Chakrapani, Sushruta Samhita with commentary of Dalhana, Ashtanga Hrudaya with Hemadri commentary and Ashtanga Sangraha with Shashilekha commentary, articles, internet sources and Sanskrit dictionaries bearing the description of Daivavyapashraya Chikitsa. Discussion: The diseases are mainly caused by three Karanas – Atiyoga, Ayoga and Mithya Yoga of Kala, Artha and Karma where Karma refers to either of Purvajanmakrita or Ihajanmakrita which would result in the manifestation of the disorders. Without knowing Mula Karana, the disease will never be subsided by any type of major treatment. Thus, identifying Karana for the disease becomes more important than treating the manifested disease. Here lies the scope for Daivavyapashraya Chikitsa, as it is the only line of treatment for diseases caused by Karma.

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Authors: Anjana Dabhi, Rizvanvaris Saiyed2 , Vaibhavi Patel3 , Rajesh Kumar Sharma4 and Harshit Shah

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen in immune compromised patients and is responsible for all hospital acquired infections worldwide. Pseudomonas aeruginosa causes infections at almost all sites in the body. Due to development of multiantibiotic resistance during treatment Pseudomonas aeruginosa becomes therapeutic challenge. In the present case study a 38 years old male patient visited OPD of Shalya Tantra with complaints of a big venous ulcer in right leg with Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection. Here patient is treated with Panchavalkala Kwath Prakshalan. This study highlighted Vrana shodhana, Desloughing, Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Antiseptic property of Panchavalkala kwath Prakshalan and its efficacy against multiantibiotic resistance Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

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Authors: Vaibhavi N Patel, Harshit Shah2 , Rajesh Kumar Sharma3 , Anjana Dabhi4 and Pratixakumari Chaudhari

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (B.P.H) is a common condition found in elderly men above 50 years of age & is characterized by a non-malignant enlargement of the prostate resulting from excessive cellular growth of both the glandular and the stromal elements of the gland. In Ayurveda, Mutraghata basically presented the features related to the Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms (LUTS) and can be co-related with Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) in modern parlance. The clinical feature of B.P.H. includes incomplete emptying, frequency, intermittency, weak stream, straining & nocturia etc are found in Mutraghata in Ayurveda. In this case study, a patient diagnosed with Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia was treated with a Tilvaka Ghrita Uttarbasti 20 ml once daily for three days and then 3 days gap given between two cycles for 21 days. Assessment of patient was done by IPSS (International Prostate Symptom Score) and weight of the prostate and post void residual urine volume. After completion of Uttarbasti treatment significant relief was observed in symptoms.

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Authors: Rushabh N. Vora, Jignesh D. Rathod2 and Himanshu Kanzaria3

Rheumatoid arthritis is a common chronic systemic inflammatory disease that clinically presents as symmetric polyarthritis affecting small and large diarthroidal joints of the extremities. In India, prevalence of RA is 0.50 to 0.75 %1 . Females are five times more likely to develop RA than males. The management of RA in modern medical science includes the use of NSAIDs, glucocorticoids, DMARDs (Disease modifying antirheumatic drugs), immunosuppression therapies. Long term use of these drugs has so many adverse effects. Hence, there is much better scope for Ayurved treatment for this disease. Considering clinical features of RA, it can be correlated with Aamavata. As per principles of Ayurved, Aamavata is a result of impairment of Agni, formation of Aama and vitiation of Vata Dosha. 1 Acharya Chakrapanidutta mentioned the Chikitsa Siddhanta of Aamavata, that consists Langhana, Swedana, use of drugs having Tikta, Katu Rasa and Dipana Karma, Virechana and Basti1 . These medicines help in Aamapachana and also do agnidipana. By using this Chikitsa Siddhanta, a case of RA (Aamavata) was treated successfully. Marked improvement was observed in signs and symptoms as well as laboratory investigations after treatment.

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Authors: Rakshitha Kumari, Niranjan Rao

A case study is carried out to evaluate the efficacy of Virechana karma and Shamana aushadis in recurrent Psoriasis. A 29 year old female presenting with Psoriasis and mild arthritis was diagnosed as Ekakusta (Kapha-Pitta predominance) as per Ayurveda. Initially, treatment was carried out as in-patient department care. i.e, Nithya virechana with nimbamritha erandam,ksheera and guda in the ratio of 50ml:250ml:10gm, respectively. Then shamana aushadi was given for 3 months. After 3 months of follow-up period virechana karma was planned again. Results obtained after virechana karma was 29 vega’s with pravara shuddhi lakshanas with reduction in signs and symptoms and decline in PASI Score. The follow up medications were given for 3 months. No re-occurrence was observed during the follow up period. Virechana karma and Shamana aushadis resulted in effective management of Psoariasis.

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Authors: Sruthi Mohan, Hemal Bhatt

BACKGROUND: Hrudaya being a supreme vital organ, improving its functional quality is very much essential for healthy as well as diseased individuals. Contemplating the relation between Rasa and Hrudaya it is mentioned as „Amlam Hrudyanam Agryam’ in the context of Agrya Dravya in Charaka Samhita which means Amla Rasa is the best Hrudya among all in nature than any other Rasa, and in Shadvirechanashatashritiya Adhyaya, Hrudya Dashemani is found mentioned which includes a group of ten Dravyas which are Amla Rasa Pradhana. Agrya Dravyas are explained as guidance for the treatment of various diseases. Hence in Hrudroga where the organ heart is primarily involved, Amla Rasa can have a protective effect. METHODS: Brhattrayis were reviewed for the references on differentaspects of Hrudya, Hrudaya, Hrudroga and Amla Rasa. The reviewed literature wasthen critically analysed. RESULTS AND INTERPRETATION: Thorough analysis of literature revealed: - 1. The proper role of Dosha in the process of blood circulation and functioning of Hrudaya. 2. Term ‘Hrudya’ has both physiological as well the psychological aspects and even Adravyabhuta modalities like Gandha, Roopa, Rasa also attribute as being Hrudya, but as far as Hrudroga is concerned, primarily the organ Hrudaya is involved and secondarily its Ashrayi Manas will also be involved. 3. Amla Rasa performs Vatanulomana, Deepana, Srotoshodhana properties and acts Hrudya (cardio tonic). CONCLUSION: Compilation and re-evaluation of various principles related with Amla Rasa and Hrudaya were analysed, discussion was made for the better understanding of Hrudya effect of Amla Rasaand thereby re-establishing the possibilities behind the quotations available inSamhitason the concerned topic.

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Authors: Mrinalini Damle, Kiran Somshetwar2 , Pranav Uttekar3 and Pooja Lanke

Bauhinia variegata Linn. well known as kanchnar/rakta kanchan belongs to the family Caesalpiniaceae. The chemical constituents found in Kanchnar help in treatment of various ailments. A wide variety of phytochemical constituents isolated from this plant are sitosterol, lupeol, kaempferol, tannins, carbohydrates, alkaloids, apigenin, quercetin, reducing sugars. The present review calls for attention on chromatographic methods for standardization. The review further highlights distinct therapeutic potential of kanchnar medicine if standardized with respect to content of active constituents to be listed as anticancer, antioxidant and antidiabetic.

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Authors: Pooja Abhani, Mandip Goyal

Introduction: After acute COVID-19 illness, recovered patients may continue to report a wide variety of signs and symptoms like fatigue, body ache, cough, sore throat, difficulty in breathing, etc. A 43 years old male patient reported to OPD of ITRA Hospital, Jamnagar on 16th July 2021. He had tested positive for COVID 19 infection on 6th May 2021. Since then he had been suffering from sore throat, recurrent upper respiratory tract infection, coughing with whitish expectorant, dyspnea, myalgia, and memory impairment. He had tried various types of treatment but could not get relief. Due to multiple system involvement, such cases need a holistic approach for follow-up care and the well-being of post COVID recovering patients. Materials & Methods: This case was treated with Vardhamana Pippali Rasayana with milk for 28 day. Total 1000 Pippli given to the patient during course. Result : The patient got relief in all the symptoms. In X-RAY reports, the patient had bronchitis changes before treatment. Patient had also improved his quality of life. After completing the treatment patient had a normal X-ray. Conclusion : In Post Covid Syndrome, there is vitiation of Vata and Kapha Dosha. Pippali has an antibiotic, antiviral, immunomodulatory effect and is one of the best Rasayana (Rejuvenate) for Pranavaha Srotas (respiratory system), hence treating with higher doses of Pippali for a longer period provided significant relief in the case of post covid syndrome.

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Authors: Sonal S. Patel, Kundan Patel

A healthy mouth is a premise of overall health. The oral cavity can be a mirror image of the body and many systemic illnesses are manifested in the soft tissues of the mouth. When oral health is compromised, overall health will be affected. Ayurveda is an integral and most ancient form of medical system which is primarily aimed at prevention of disease and promotion of health. Its holistic approach towards positive lifestyle creates its inevitable significance in the present scenario. Thorough oral care is described under the daily regimen, seasonal regimen for prevention of oral disesas. in Ayurveda classics there is description of daily regimen like tooth brushing, tongue cleaning, gargling, oil pulling, nasal application of drugs, chewing of betel leaves, seasonal regimen to pacify doshas, do’s and don’ts related to diet and activities. These preventive aspects can be practiced in everyday life to prevent and control the oral disorders. Ayurvedic perspectives regarding maintenance of oral health are explored in this article.

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Authors: Kumbhar S N, Shetty N2 and Naik T I

Madhura Triphala is a combination of three fruits with madhura or sweet taste. It includes Draksha (Vitis vinifera Linn), Kashmarya (Gmelina arborea Linn) and Kharjura (Phoenix dactylifera Linn.) which was constituted during the Nighantu period. The three fruits are widely used in many Ayurvedic formulations. There arises a scope for controversy due to inclusion of Parushaka (Grewia asiatica Linn.) and (or) Dadima (Punica granatum Linn.) in place of Kashmarya. Present work aims to address Madhura Triphala in detail and discuss different aspects of it along with their probable mode of action.

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Authors: Swati Kulkarni, Dr Anju Thaware

Infertility is, “a disease of the reproductive system defined by the failure to achieve a clinical pregnancy after 12 month or more. Male infertility is one of the major agonozing issue in the present fast moving world. Oligospermia is one of the major cause of male infertility .Ayurveda classics describes about this similar conditions,such as ashukra,alpa shukra,ksheena shukra,ksheena retas ,shukra dosha at various contexts. Shukra (sperm) is one of the dhatu amongs seven dhatus, which provides courage, happiness, strength, main factor for reproduction (garbhotpatti). Due to modern lifestyle body tissue formation process gets vitiated which results quantitative and qualitative loss of sukra known as shukra kshaya i.e oligospermia. It reflects in following symptoms of Shukra kshaya are generalise weakness,pain in scrotum, paleness of the body, shukra avisarga, chirat praseka, maithuna ashakti. Infertility includes the qualitative and quantitative vitiation of shukra dhatu. Aim- Critical review on etiological factors of oligospermia. Materials and methods: For this study, ayurveda literature have been used, from which various references have been collected. Conclusion –vitiated vata and pitta dosha are responsible in the pathogenesis of oligospermia (shukrakshaya).Dietetic factors, habitual factiors and psychological factors are responsible for oligomenorrhea (shukrakshaya).