Enfoque UTE

1-9

Authors: Dalia Carbonel,Tessy Luciano

The rates of urban growth and urbanization indicate a projected increase in waste generation. In developing countries, the organic fraction constitutes approximately half of the total waste, leading to the production of leachate, toxic gases, and the emergence of vectors. Composting emerges as a straightforward and cost-effective solution for organic waste recovery. This study focused on evaluating the quality of compost derived from organic waste (CRO) and pet feces (CM). The research aimed to investigate the impact of these composts on the germination and growth of selected vegetables. The primary quality parameters were assessed, and different mixtures of CRO and CM were implemented as experimental treatments. The majority of the fertilizers examined complied with the quality standards. However, the germination percentage of CRO (18%) and CM (10%) fell below the required threshold (80%), and CM surpassed the recommended maximum level of total coliforms (1100 NMP/g compared to the recommended 1000 NMP/g). Notably, a higher germination percentage (84%) was observed for both CRO and CM at a 25% compost addition. In terms of growth trials, the control group exhibited the tallest plants (13.88 cm), followed by the 10% CRO treatment (13.22 cm) and the 25% CM treatment (11.50 cm). The findings underscore the potential of urban organic waste, including pet waste, for composting and its positive impact on plant growth.

19-26

Authors: Deira Sosa-Méndez,Cecilia Elisabet García Cena

In the last twenty years, a trend towards the digitization of products and processes has been generated, so the new concept of health 4.0 promotes the use of simulators and digital twins for the training of health personnel, as well as for the personalized planning of patients rehabilitation treatments. This paper presents a virtual training tool for health personnel, which is based on the prototype of a digital twin of an exoskeleton for upper limb rehabilitation. The device was designed in Solidworks® and later its equivalent model was obtained in Matlab/Simulink® software. Through the latter, the functionality of the device is evaluated through the implementation of different therapeutic routines, which help the physiotherapist to plan and evaluate the performance of each patient’s treatment. In this case, the evaluation of the movements of the upper limb are generated through independent and combined movements of the shoulder, elbow and wrist joints and, as a result, graphs of the movements are obtained, , as well as a virtual representation of the digital twin and the values of the torques in each joint. Finally, a digital tool that allows the digital twin prototype to be configured to conditions similar to those of the real exoskeleton for automation and supervision tasks is obtained.

36-48

Authors: Cecilia E. García Cena, Luís Silva, Fabián H. Diaz Palencia, María Islán Moríñigo, Cristina P. Santos, Roque Saltarén Pazmiño, Julian Benito-León, David Gómez-Andrés

Nowadays, the measurement of respiratory dynamics is underrated at clinical setting and in the daily life of a subject, still representing a challenge from a technical and medical point of view. In this article we propose a concept to measure some of its parameters, such as the respiratory rate (RR), using four inertial sensors. Two different experiments were performed to validate the concept. We analyzed the most suitable placement of each sensor to assess those features and studied the reliability of the system to measure abnormal parameters of respiration (tachypnea, bradypnea and breath holding). Finally, we measured post-COVID-19 patients, some of them with breath alterations after more than a year of the diagnosis. Experimental results showed that the proposed system could be potentially used to measure the respiratory dynamics at clinical setting. Moreover, while RR can be easily calculated by any sensor, other parameters need to be measured with a sensor in a particular position.

1-19

Authors: Fabricio Marcillo, Wilmar Hernández, Jimmy Torres, Lorena Cusme, Eugenio Mora, Susana Cobeña

In the educational context, gamification has emerged as an effective strategy to enhance learning and motivation. With the rise of information and communication technologies, digital gamification (DG) has emerged. Although there are numerous studies summarizing the contributions of gamification in education, very few have included preschool education. The present systematic review, supported by 25 primary studies published between 2014 and 2022 and indexed in Scopus and Web of Sciences, seeks to close this gap by characterizing the main contributions, and qualitatively synthesizing the effects of DG. The results indicate that there is a growing interest in the topic, where most of the studies originate in Asia; they are published in journals; and are based on the proposal of video games for computers or mobile devices that seek to improve language learning. Narrative approach research predominates, based on samples of less than 10 participants, employing Achievement (Progression) type game elements. The 15 studies that measured the effect of DG report positive results.

35-51

Authors: Rubén Darío Ledesma, Reinier Abreu‑Naranjo, Juan Elías González

Timber residues due to its use for the construction industry and others provided by the secondary forest and its high content of lignocellulosic material for energy purposes, our objective was to evaluate the forest residues of six species to obtain carbon as clean energy, which represents great interest for the energy industry. Through the methodology of the study of inventories and sampling of wood residues from sawmills that was in the four cantons of the province of Pastaza, through instrumental techniques of physical, chemical and thermal analysis, the parameters studied were the biomass potential and residue, density, humidity, ashes, volatiles, fixed carbon and higher calorific value (immediate analysis), carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur (CHONS), which allowed obtaining the thermochemical properties, reaching the main results of energy potential, of these three species that can be used for clean energy, due to the amount of ash found in the analyzes below 1 % and volatiles (60-80 %) of these residues, which clearly shows that it prevents the formation of scale in equipment and damage, in relation to its fixed carbon content on average of 14.78 % and its superior calorific value 19.72 Mj/kg, assessing the fact industrial reliability for its energy use that will generate 515.62 GW of clean energy in electrical thermal power annually to meet the needs of vulnerable areas of the Amazon region.

66-76

Authors: Jhordani Guélac-Gómez, Jeison Elí Sánchez-Calle, Miguel Angel Valles-Coral

Peruvian aquaculture is booming, so it deserves to be technified from a sustainable and competitive perspective. The objective of the review was to identify the current panorama of Peruvian aquaculture and the factors that limit its development, as well as to analyze the benefits of the use of technological tools in aquaculture. To this end, a review methodology was applied based on three phases: i) development of the research question; ii) document search; and ii) review and selection of studies. The search engine used was Google Scholar, Scopus, ScienceDirect, Web of Science (WOS), Scielo and Redalyc databases. The review showed that aquaculture in Peru is developed in few regions and with few species. According to PNIPA, the factors limiting its development are related to noncompliance with current sanitary regulations, vessels that are not registered in public registries, and the absence of accreditation controls for artisanal fishermen. Technification of the feeding process reduces operating costs. Sensors make it possible to visualize the variation of parameters in real time, reducing the fish mortality rate. Automatic counting and classification reduces fish stress and avoids economic damage to production. The conclusion is that, in order to achieve aquaculture technification, the government and producers must work together, implementing policies and strategies that guarantee greater profitability and sustainability over time.

1-17

Authors: Christian García-Rengifo, Sixto Durán-Ballén

The watershed basin of the Chalpi Grande River is located in the Ecuadorian Amazon. This basin, being above 3200 m a.s.l. It has characteristics of Andean and Amazonian ecosystems. The conservation of this basin is extremely important because the supply of 2.2 m3/s for the Metropolitan District of Quito depends on this river. The objective of this research is the characterization of the additional climate of 31 years (1985-2015) of records of temperature, precipitation and flow of the Chalpi Grande River based on the historical records of INAMHI, EPMAPS and FONAG. These were systematized records filled in based on statistical methods and remote sensors for data validation. The climatic temperature shows increases both in the behaviors and in the trends of the winter and summer seasons; as well as in the trends of climatic parameters that can be the effect of atmospheric phenomena, such as the latent problem of climate change.

33-45

Authors: Eduardo Revelo Vizcaino, Carlos Egas Acosta

Low-energy wireless wide-area networks are a key technology for the development of the Internet of Things. Like any wireless communications system, it requires that during the design the place where the network will be deployed be inspected to determine the locations where the signal is weak. Sigfox is a network with wireless access that provides the connectivity service for the Internet of Things. When the sensor nodes are located inside buildings, the level of the received signal can vary, due to internal obstructions and interference, so it is necessary to have systems that take into account the technical characteristics of the Sigfox network, to measure the levels. signal strength inside buildings and identify locations where there is no signal. The implemented system allows obtaining information on the signal levels inside the buildings in order to identify the locations in which the nodes do not have connectivity with the network and find solutions to this problem before implementing the network. The system implementation uses Sipy nodes programmed with Pymark and the Sigfox cloud, while the application development uses API and APIREST in the Visual Studio development environment.

62-74

Authors: Henry Pacheco, Emilio Jarre, José Ricardo Macias, Frank Intriago, Bolívar Ortega, Edgar Menéndez

Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) are becoming a very versatile technology tool in several application areas for development activities. Topography, as a fundamental area of engineering, provides information related to the three-dimensional location of points on the earth’s surface. The objective of this work was to generate topographic information, using UAV as a technological alternative to traditional techniques. The methodology consisted of planning and execution of two photogrammetric flights with the EBEB SQ UAV, instrumented with the Sequoia multispectral camera. Five control points were placed on the ground, georeferenced with a total station, used as control points in the processing of the flight images. The photographs captured in flight were processed by photogrammetry with PIX4Dmapper software on a desktop computer, with an Intel(R) Core (TM) i9-9900K CPU 3.60GHz processor and 32.0 GB of RAM. The photogrammetric flight results consisted of a total of 633 RGB photographs in a flight time of 36:27 minutes, for a coverage area of 57.7 ha. The processing quality report showed an accuracy of 2 mm in the georeferencing of the photographs with the control points. The photogrammetric processing was executed in a time of 48 minutes to generate Orthophotos, Digital Terrain Model (DTM) and three-dimensional point cloud. The generated products reached a spatial resolution of 5 cm/ pixel, with millimeter accuracies that allowed the management of secondary topographic information such as slope. The point cloud made it possible to classify the coverage in vegetation and soil, to estimate the height of the cotton crop canopy with an accuracy of 91%. As advantages of the UAV over traditional techniques for topographic surveys, the variety and precision of geospatial products and the optimization of times can be highlighted.