Enfoque UTE

pp. 1 - 11

Authors: Roberto Maldonado Jibaja, Paola Carrillo Herrera, Lucía Ramírez Cárdenas, Francisco Carvajal Larenas

The aim of this study was to develop a beverage obtained from the fermentation of the soluble extract of germinated quinoa under the action of traditional yogurt cultures (S. thermophilus and L. bulgaricus ) and probiotic cultures (Lactobacillus. acidophilus and Bifidobacterium ). Two factors under study were established: the xanthan gum percentage (0.30%, 0.40 % and 0.50% w/w) and sucrose:fructose relation (90:10, 70:30, 50:50) added in the formulation. The quantified variables were: acidity, pH, viscosity and phase separation. The study was conducted under the completely randomized design (CRD), analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey mean separation test with a confidence level of 95 %. The best treatment included 0.50 % xanthan gum and sucrose:fructose relation of 90:10 in its formulation. The product was subjected to sensory tests in which it was determined that the product liked to consumers (score of 3.2 points on a 5-point hedonic scale). Finally, a fermented drink made from quinoa was obtained with 9 g of protein per 200 g of product and with a shelf life estimated in 70 days at 4oC. This product could be an alternative to fermented beverages such as cow's milk yogurt and soy-fermented drink.

pp. 12 - 28

Authors: Patricio Xavier Lozano Rodríguez, Aracely Armas, Martha Gualán, Miguel Guallpa

To promote conservation processes it is essential to know the biodiversity under analysis. The objective of the present work was to determine the composition, diversity and floristic importance of El Bosque Los Búhos to generate a baseline that allows the management of the resource for academic purposes. A description of the floristic composition was made, the alpha (α) and beta (β) biodiversity indexes were determined and the ecological importance of the species (IVI's) was calculated. The data indicate that the floristic composition of the forest is formed in three strata by 56 species, 18 orders and 27 families. The arboreal stratum presents a biodiversity average (2,534-Margalef) and high dominance (0,8367-Simpson), the shrub layer has low biodiversity (1,811-Margalef) and low dominance (0,4441-Simpson), and the herbaceous stratum presents biodiversity average (3,882-Margalef) and high dominance (0,7101-Simpson). The species with the highest IVI's for the arboreal stratum are Mimosa quitensis (Benth.1848), Acacia retinodes (Schltdl.1847), y Tecoma stans (L.) Juss. ex Kunth. 1819). For the shrub layer are Agave americana (L.1753), Lantana megapotamica (Spreng. Tronc. 1974), Retama sphaerocarpa (L. Boiss. 1840) y Opuntia cylindrica (Lam. DC. 1828). Finally for the herbaceous stratum is Carpobrotus edulis (L.) N.E.Br. 1926).

pp. 42 - 49

Authors: José Omar Cabrera Escobar, Raúl Vinicio Cabrera Escobar

For the construction of the specimens welded by the GMAW process of the aluminum alloy 5086-H116, advance speeds of 300, 400, 500, 600 and 700 mm / min are used that are within the recommended range, the same as they allowed the energy contributed to the union. From the results obtained in the different tests, it was determined that the most suitable welding advance speed is 500 mm / min (with a contributed energy of 335.34 J / mm), this energy is the most suitable mechanical in the 5086-H116 alloy welding at an amperage of 148 A. At this energy level, the lowest loss of magnesium occurs; the particle size of Al3Mg2 is finer and easier distributed evenly on the α matrix, that allows obtaining the best mechanical properties.

pp. 106 - 115

Authors: Alexy Fabián Vinueza Lozada, Jorge Andrés Narváez Hidalgo

In this paper, the design and aerodynamic simulation of a rotor for horizontal axis wind turbine for the Cerro Villonaco was carried out. The aerodynamic design aimed for a blade with an optimal geometry, which is defined by the chord and the twist angle of the airfoil. The design parameters conferred to the project were given by the characteristics of the wind in the Villonaco Wind Farm. Results were validated with an aerodynamic simulation, developed in a software employing the mathematical model known as blade element momentum theory, to verify its optimum performance against the requirements established with a TSR, with the goal to set a design method for subsequent investigations. Finally, a rotor analysis was carried out, obtaining an output mechanical power of 107 KW, thus corroborating the design power with the characteristics of the Villonaco Wind Farm.

pp. 80 - 92

Authors: LUIS FERNANDO TOAPANTA RAMOS, Gabriel Alejandro Bohórquez Peñafiel, Luis Eduardo Caiza Vivas, William Quitiaquez Sarzosa

The objective of this research work is to understand the behavior of water flow through gradual contraction. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is a useful approach to solve the equations that describe the movement of fluids, using numerical methods and computational techniques. This area of mechanics provides the fundamentals of pipe hydraulics and channel hydraulics. A study of the flow through the pipeline has been made to calculate the children in the changes of the geometry. The energy losses derived from the pipes. Calculation of the cases: the occurrences of the incidents in the geometry on the part of the student and also with the help of the ANSYS software fluently. Calculations were used using the K-epsilon model. This simulation provides the values of pressure, velocity and kinetic turbulence in several sections of the pipe where water is its flow.