Sportif Bakış: Spor ve Eğitim Bilimleri Dergisi

42-54

Authors: Mohammed Zerf

Most influential studies of PA and health have shown schools as an ideal venue for the fulfillment of healthful behaviors allied levels of physical activities and physical mental health. Whereas this advantage is not consistent with the excluded students. Support by psychological studies via subjective happiness, self-esteem and life satisfaction allied to self-efficacy. Linked to physical activity motivation as adverse impact especially with the high unemployment rates in line with high school dropouts. For this purpose, 62 male adolescents aged about 18 years tested before and one after their leaving school for the academic 2015-2016 and 2016-2017. Their homogenous were calculated as their daily motivation lives controlled by ALPHA-Fitness test as a valid tool to assess the health-related to fitness. Our results support the influence of leaving school as a negative time trend via dropouts-students. Poorly associated with body image disorders and disturbances concomitant with behavioral change proper to times physically and socially inactive. Set out in case of this study via the decrease in energy expenditure, allied to the indolent lifestyle. Leaving school in the Algerian communities is stress-correlated with biological pathways that link bodily disorders and depression. Acts of societal time structure and procedures to manage the relevant tasks, goals, and objectives to prevent the inconvenience of this systemic problem. Indicated in similar through systemic approaches when individuals are clear about what it is they are expected to achieve. Admit through programs that provide psychological counseling via those dropout students.

65-80

Authors: Alpay Güvenç, Alper Aslan, Caner Açıkada

The aim of the present study was to assess the influence of maturation and regular sport participation on anaerobic performance variables of 11-to 15-year-old young male athletes and non-athletes. One hundred fifty young male subjects were voluntarily participated in this study. Trained boys (n=75), comprised of 27 Handball, 26 Soccer and 22 Volleyball players, had been training regularly for at least one year. However, untrained boys (n=75) were not involved in any systematic training program. Participants were also divided into five maturity groups according to Tanner’s stages. Body mass and stature were determined. Percentage of body fat and fat free mass were also calculated from the appropriate equations. Anaerobic performance was evaluated with the Wingate Anaerobic Test. Two-way Analysis of Variance (2x5) with Tukey’s-HSD was used for statistical analysis. Pearson’s correlation coefficients were also computed. The results revealed that absolute anaerobic performance variables were highly positively correlated with body mass and fat free mass, significantly increase with maturation (p<0.01). Maturation effect on anaerobic performance variables remained even when body mass and fat free mass were factored out (p<0.01). The trained boys have higher anaerobic performance values and relatively steeper increase with maturation compared to untrained group. Finally, there were no interaction effects between maturation and training groups on any of the variables. In conclusion, variations in anaerobic performance levels are partly determined by factors other than body mass or fat free mass. This finding may be due, in part, to the maturation-related functional and metabolic changes in skeletal muscle.

92-108

Authors: Alpay Güvenç, Tahir Hazır, Ümid Karlı, Alper Aslan, Caner Açıkada

The aim of the present investigation was to evaluate anaerobic performance parameters in young competitive male and female athletes engaged in different events of Track and Field, and to compare them in relation to chronological age for each gender group. Fifty-six 12-to14-year-old girls and sixty-three 11-to16-year-old boys totally 119 athletes were participated in this study. Two event-specific-groups and three chronological-age-groups were constructed for each gender. Event-specific groups were composed of Group 1 (middle-long distance runners) and Group 2 (sprinters, throwers, jumpers). Age groups were consisted of 12, 13 and 14 years old girls, and 11-12, 13-14 and 15-16 years old boys. Body mass and stature were measured. Percentage of body fat and fat free mass were calculated from the appropriate equations. Anaerobic performance was assessed with the Wingate Anaerobic Test. Two-way Analysis of Variance (2x3) was used for statistical analysis. Both absolute and relative anaerobic performance and fatigue index values for each gender were significantly higher in the Group 2 than in the Group 1 (p<0.05). Absolute anaerobic power and capacity values of male athletes significantly increased with age (p<0.01), but when there were normalised with body mass or fat free mass, relative values did not significantly changed with age (p>0.05). However, the effects of age on absolute and relative values of anaerobic performance were not significant in female athletes (p>0.05). In conclusion, the level of anaerobic performance was altered depending on event specialization in young Track and Field athletes. This difference may demonstrate the effect of training specificity.

1-8

Authors: Emre Serin

This study aimed to examine the effect of different stretching exercises on vertical jump performance. A total of 14 national male athletes sporting in the elite level took part in the study. The age average of the participants was 20.25±1.03 year, the average height was 1.80±.08 m, the average body weight was 77.14±18.91 kg, average of sporting age was 9.87±3.31 year and the average number of participation in international games was 10.0±3.31. As stretching protocol: Method 1 (5 minutes of jogging and 2 minutes of active rest) followed by Method 2 (static stretching for 4 different muscle groups 3 repetitions for 15 seconds of static stretching, rest for 10 seconds between groups) and then consecutively, Method 3 (Dynamic stretching exercises with 3 repetitions for 15 seconds and 10 seconds rest between different muscle groups) were applied in the study. The vertical jump performance before and after different stretching exercises of the participants was determined by means of the vertical jump test using the smart speed lite system. Before and after the training of all athletes, HR was recorded with a heart rate monitor (RS 800, Polar Vantage NV, Polar Electro Oy, Finland) with 5 seconds intervals. Before the study, the chest band of the heartbeat monitor was placed on the chest of the athlete and the HR was recorded from the monitor. SPSS 15.0 statistical package program was used for evaluation and calculation of the data. In this study in addition to descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) paired samples t-test was used to determine the difference between the vertical jump performance of the participants before and after different stretching exercises. As a result, this study showed that; applying the dynamic and static stretching exercises consecutively affected the vertical jump performance 4.5 cm positively (p<.05). It is suggested that different dynamic and static stretching exercises should be included in the vertical jump.

20-32

Authors: VELİ VOLKAN GÜRSES, MUSTAFA KEREM, MUSTAFA ŞAKİR AKGÜL, BAYRAM CEYLAN, BİLGEHAN BAYDİL

The aim of this study was to examine the effect of ischemic preconditioning (IPC) on high intensity interval training and recovery parameters on badminton players. Sixteen well trained badminton players (male n= 10, female n=6 age: 18.90 ± 0.99, 20.33 ± 1.75 years; height: 176.50 ± 5.42, 159.33 ± 3.61 cm; body weight: 72.55 ± 7.93, 54.93 ± 4.53 kg; systolic blood pressure: 12.30 ± 1.15, 11.16 ± 1.47 mmHg; diastolic blood pressure: 7.80 ± 1.22, 7.66 ± 0.81 mmHg) voluntarily participated in the study. All participant were able to complete all trails. A randomized crossover study design was performed to investigate the acute effect of IPC on high intensity interval training performance and recovery. The Wingate Style high intensity interval training (HIIT) workout was conducted as generate to physiological fatigue. The HIIT protocol was involved 30 seconds of “all-out” cycling 3 times with 4 minutes rest against a high resistance which participants 7.5% of body weight. Relative Peak Power (PP), Relative Mean Power (MP) and Power Drop (PD%) were evaluated for every repeated trails to execute HITT performance. Rested; hearth rate (HR), blood lactate concentration (BLAC) and blood pressure (BP) values were evaluated. HR, BLAC and BP values were measured after, 12 and 30 minute after exhaustion. IPC were conducted 3 set × 5 min 220 mmHg. 72 hours rest was given between measurements. Nonparametric Wilcoxon Sign Rank Test used to determine the effect of IPC on performance and recovery parameters. All data were processed at the significance level p.05). The impact of IPC were -6.5%, -5.8% and 24.5% were respectively. According to these results it is assumed that IPC applications seems to be not effective method as enhancing performance in badminton players.