The Iraqi Journal of Agricultural Sciences

6

Authors: Ibrahim S. Al-Nedawi

To evaluate the productivity performance of some introduced Australian barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) genotypes for the mid- region of Iraq. Field experiments were conducted at the Grain Crops Experimental Station / Ministry of Sciences and Technology at Toweatha District. Ten genotypes (C/50, C/63, D/21, D/24, D30, CA2-38, CB2-38, B3-38, A2-40 and B3-40) with the control cultivar Arivat were evaluated for two seasons (2009-2010, and 2010-2011). The experimental design was a RCBD with three replicates. The characters studied were plant height, number of spikes / plant, number of seeds per spike, seed weights (weight of 1000 grain), grain yield/plant, and grain yield kg. ha-1. The results showed that some genotypes showed superiority in some characters, the genotype B3-38 gave higher plant height (109, and 112 cm) for both years respectively, while the genotype B3-40 gave higher number of spike/plant (10.1 and 9.2) , and higher number of seeds/plants (380,and 367 seeds/ plant)for both years respectively. The genotype C/63 significantly produced more seed weights per plant (14.4 gm) in 2009-2010, and genotype D/30 produce 13.52 gm/plant in 2009. The genotype D/30 was significantly higher than other genotypes in the weight of 1000 seed for both years. For seeds yield, the genotype C/63 gave higher grain yield of 3800 kg ha-1in 2009-2010, and genotype D/30 (2920 kg. ha -1) in 2010-2011. The results indicate that most of the introduced genotypes were better than local variety in most of the characters studied. Thus, This suggest that use of these genotypes in multi-location trials for identification of the wide and narrow adapted genotypes then we have to prove their yield productivity and their tolerance for the new environments and the resistance to the pathogenesis . the higher broad sense heritability were 0.97 and0.98 for number grain per plant and weight thousand respectively these parameters used for improving introduced cultivars, because of higher genetic variance and lower environment variance .

8

Authors: Ayad W. AL - Juboori

This study was conducted at the mushroom Production unit, Dept.of Hort. Univ.of Baghdad in the first of Nov. / 2010.Oyster mushroom P.ostreatus spawn was imported from Jordan . Mushroom spawn at arte of 5% added to sterilized and moist wheat straw and incubated at 25± 2C°, transferred to propagation room after one month at 25 ± 2C° at, RH 80-90 % and light intensity 400 Lux. Two kind of mineral fertilizers were, King Life and Nap nutria.King Life as powder, used at the following concentrations, 0,10,20,40 g/l .The second fertilizer was used at(The concentrations,0,10,20,40ml/l. ) The organic fertilizers Pow humus and Liq humus were used at following concentrations , 0,1,10,20 ml/l .the fertilizer was injected inside each bag. with 50 ml of each concentration using plastic syringe at the end of incubation period .The results showed that there were no significant effects of the mineral fertilizers on the yield and the biological efficiency of mushroom .While the organic fertilizers increased yield and biological efficiency at 20 ml/l to 864g/kg and 135.85 g/kg of substrate and 86.43% , respectively .when Pow humus was used . While Liq humus gave 639.77 gm/kg and 101.90 gm/kg of substrate and 63.90 %, respectively.It was concluded from these results that oyster mushroom has asignificant response to organic fertilizer.Thus we recommend using organic fertilizers when producing this species of mushroom .

10

Authors: Haider A. L. Shihab Khdhayer A. Jaddoa

A factorial experiment was conducted at the experimental farm, Dept. of Field Crop Sciences, College of Agriculture/Abu-Ghraib-University of Baghdad during the spring and fall seasons of 2009. The aim was to investigate the effect of plant population density27600, 53300,100600 and 213300 plant. ha-1 Inqath, Rabeh, and Kaffir on the tillering characteristics and its relationship with grain yield and its components. Cultivars were significantly different in their tillers number during the life cycle in both seasons. Kaffir was superior in this character in each plant population density with the highest tiller number. The first plant density (27600 plant. ha-1) gave the highest average of produced tiller number. plant-1 compared with the fourth density (213300 plant. ha-1) which produced the lowest tiller number. plant-1 in both seasons. The cultivars were not significantly different in their grain yield. plant-1 in both seasons, but Kaffir was superiror in its grain yield only in the fall season.The first density (27600 plant. ha-1) gave the highest grain yield. plant-1 (88.32 and 92.38 g. plant-1) compared with (37.50 and 42.19 g. plant-1) for the fourth density in both seasons, respectively. However, the latter density gave the highest grain yield. ha-1 (8.00 and 9.00 t. ha-1) compared with (2.44 and 2.53 t. ha-1) for the former density. This was due to the highest number of plant. ha-1 in the highest fourth density. The contribution percentage of the main stems and tillers in the grain yield and biological yield plant-1 were different as cultivars and plant population densities differ.The contribution percentage of the main stems in Inqath Cultivar (96.84 and 98.93%) and the lowest contribution of the tillers for the same Cultivar (3.16 and 1.07%)in both seasons, respectively. By contrast The contribution of main stem of Kaffir was the lowest but the contribution of tillers was increased in both seasons, respectively. The performance of cultivars and plant densities in the trend and amount of the main stems and tillers contribution in the biological yield. plant-1 was similar as in the grain yield. It is concluded that the tillering of all cultivars in this study was limited with very low percentage of contribution in the grain and biological yields. Therefore, it is recommended to find either monoculm cultivars of sorghum as in maize through breeding programmes or growing sorghum in clumps to restrict tiller formation.

10

Authors: Moayad R. Abood Manar A. F. Hassan

This experiment was conducted in the lath house , Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, University of Baghdad to investigate the influence of wat salinity levels on the vegetative character of three olive seedlings Khudari ,Sorrani and Kassi,the highest of plant,the diameter of the stem ,number of branches,number of leaves, leaf area , fresh and dry weight of the vegetative part and the roots. two years old were planted in a containers with 18 kg growing media ,Three cvs. , Khudari , Sorrani and Kassi with five levels of water salinity 2,4,6,8 dSm-1 . The water salinity of 2 dSm-1 significantly increased the vegetative characters , while the levels 4,6,8 dSm-1 significantly decreased these characters ,there were significant differences between olive cvs.. The salinity level of 2 dSm-1 significant induced average height and diameter of main stem up to 91.13 cm and 1.48 cm for the characters respectively ,while the salinity levels of 8 dSm-1 gave the lowest valuesof 49.0 cmand 0.19 cm respectively in the khudari cv.Irrigating the Sorrani cv.with 2dSm-1water salinity significantly overcome the Khudari variety when irrigated with 8 dSm-1 level of salinity in the following characters the averages of the number of branches/plant ,number of leaves . leaf area , the fresh weight of the vegetative parts and roots increment of 1313.9%, 178.55% ,726.19%, 13.28% and 23.30% respectively. And conclude from the study attributes vegetative of olive varieties under study differ significantly in the degree of tolerance to salinity because of the variability in genotypes and possess different mechanisms to bear the stress of saline. On this basis, we recommend inour study to the growing class Sourani in soils affected by salinity because it is classified tolerant to salinity.

12

Authors: Ahmed J. Mhemed

The seed powders of four plants; harmal Harmal peganum L., black pepper Piper nigrum L., radish Raphanus sativus L. and celery Apinum graveolens L. were tested at the concentrations 2%, 4% and 6% to evaluate their effects on some biological aspects and mortality of Trogoderma granarium Everts. The results indicated that the seed powders had toxic effects. They had significant effect on adult mortality. There were significant differences between treatments, concentrations and periods of exposure at 5%. The highest mortality was 96.6, recorded in celery treatment at concentration of 6 % and 6 days of exposure, followed by pepper 83.3% , radish 76.6%, and harmal 73.3%. Seed powders had also moderate repellent action against adult insects. There were significant differences between treatments and concentrations at 5%. The highest repellent percentage was 40%, occurred in celery treatment at concentration of 6% and period of exposure of 24 hours, followed by pepper 34.6 %, radish 33.3% and harmal 30%. No repellency and mortality noticed in control. Seed powders had also significant effect on decreasing average number of F1 progeny. There were significant differences between treatments, concentrations at 5%. The number of F1 progeny found in celery treatment at concentration of 6% was zero, followed by pepper 23, radish 31 and harmal 56. Whereas in the control was 78. The seed powders disrupted the life cycle of the insect resulting in prolonging the period of F1 adult appearance; the periods were 20 days for control, 26 days for harmal and radish, no adult appearance in pepper and celery even after 34 days. The result showed that the seed powders had significant effect on mortality, repellency and reduction of progeny. Thus more studies on these plant species are needed to establish their potential sources which might used for stored product protection.