International journal of Clinical Biochemistry and Research

198-202

Authors: Mishra B. P, MPS Marwaha, Bhupinder Kaur Anand, Lingidi Jhansi Lakshmi, Badade Z. G

Introduction: Owing to their easy availability and accessibility, organophosphate and carbamates are the most commonly used pesticides worldwide in the pest control of crops. Acute toxicity and clinical manifestations of organophosphate pesticide are caused by excessive synaptic accumulation of acetylcholine (AChE). Objective: To analyze the biochemical parameters of serum cholesterol and hematological parameter of absolute erythrocyte count in fish Channa Punctatus exposed under organophosphate pesticide sumithion. Materials and Methods: This research study has been done in fish Channa Punctatus, which was exposed 24 to 96 hours to four different concentration of sumithion pesticide. Serum cholesterol was determined as biochemical biomarkers while absolute erythrocyte counts as hematological biomarker. Serum cholesterol was determined by zlatkis method (Zlatkis A; Zak B. and Boyale A. J. 1953)15. Absolute erythrocyte count was determined by electrical conductivity method of cell counting. Result: There was significant increase in serum cholesterol in Sumithion pesticide exposed, fish Channa Punctatus, comparative to normal control subject. The maximum rise of 18.93% (80.74 ± 78.56) in serum cholesterol was observed after exposure of 96 hrs at 0.40mg/l Sumithion pesticide. Toxicity of Sumithion resulted in decrease of absolute erythrocyte counts at all concentration of time intervals. Decrease was more pronounced with increasing time of exposures. The lowest erythrocyte count was 57.24% below control at the highest concentration of 0.73mg/L within 24hrs. Conclusion: Results of our study indicates that hypercholesterolemia & decreased level of erythrocyte count in fish channa punctatus exposed under sumithion pesticide are biochemical & hematological biomarker for human beings also. Therefore it is advised to pesticide workers to take all precautions regarding protection from pesticide exposure and proper use of prophylactic supplementation for their healthy life.

210-215

Authors: Pushpa Sarkar, Mahadeva SK, Raghunath H, Kruthi BN

Background & Objective: Overweight and obesity are becoming major problems in the developed as well as developing countries. In India about 30-65 % of adult urban Indians are reported to be either overweight or obese. Therefore the objectives of the study was to assess the prevalence of overweight, obesity and metabolic syndrome and determine the correlation between overweight, obesity and parameters of metabolic syndrome among medical students of Mandya Institute of Medical Sciences (MIMS), Mandya. Methods: The data of the cross-sectional study includes physical measurements like height, weight, Waist Circumference (WC) and biochemical investigation like Fasting Blood Glucose (FBS), serum Triglyceride (TG) and High Density Lipoprotein-Cholesterol (HDL-C). Results: Out of 304 students, 144 were male students (47.37%) and 160 (52.63%) were female students. The prevalence of underweight in the present study was found to be 16.5%, overweight 15.2%, obese 0.9% and metabolic syndrome was 6.25%. It was found that higher percentage (9.72%) of male students had metabolic syndrome as compared to 5 (3.13%) females. Conclusion: Overweight and obese students had increased values of biochemical parameters as compared to students with normal BMI. Metabolic syndrome was more prevalent in males than in female students of MIMS, Mandya. Early detection of the individual components of metabolic syndrome would help in early treatment and prevention of progression to metabolic syndrome.

223-225

Authors: Sucharita Mohanty, Alpana Mishra

Background: During the summer it has been observed, a rise in incidence of hypokalemia in paediatric patients. The phenomenon of seasonal pseudohypokalaemia has been reported previously. High ambient temperature may be a spurious cause of hypokalemia.1, 2 Method: The study was undertaken to observe the effect of temperature on the level of serum potassium in children. The children in the age group of 1- 14 years, admitted to SVPPGIP, Cuttack, Odisha, were selected for the study. A retrospective record based study was conducted from December 2014 to August 2015. Results: The mean potassium concentration during winter (December2014 to February 2015) was 4.53 ± 0.89 mmol/L and during summer (March 2015 to August 2015) was 4.36 ± 1.19 mmol/L. The mean temperature in summer and winter were 36.18 ± 3.14°C and 29.79 ± 3.16°C respectively. There was a negative correlation (r =-0.118) between serum potassium and ambient temperature (p<0.0001). The proportion of hypokalemic samples was significantly higher in summer than winter with odds ratio 1.507. Conclusion: The high ambient temperature in tropical climate may be the cause of seasonal pseudohypokalemia in paediatric patients. In vitro changes in potassium are more complex than is usually stated in textbooks.8 The exact timing and temperature are clearly critical in determining the result that is actually reported by the laboratory.

229-232

Authors: Rahul M. H, Deepa K, Varun Reddy, Sudhir, Shubha Jayaram

Introduction: Obesity is the leading cause for cardiovascular disease in the world. Cystatin C is a novel marker of cardiovascular disease and atherogenic indices which is used as an index for cardiac risk stratification. The objective of the study was to estimate the Cystatin C levels in non-obese and obese individuals aged between 18-39 years and to compare the levels of Cystatin C among these individuals. The study was also done with an objective to know the association of Cystatin C with atherogenic indices. Methodology: The subjects were selected from healthy volunteers of Mysore aged between 18-39 years of either sex. They were grouped into two groups based on their BMI. Each group had sample size of 60. Sample were collected in fasting state and analyzed for Total Cholesterol, Triglyceride, LDL-Cholesterol & HDL cholesterol by enzymatic method and Cystatin-C by immune-turbidimetric method using Randox auto-analyzer. Results and Interpretation: The mean serum Cystatin C level in non obese group was 0.7±0.03 mg/L, and in Obese group 1.15±0.09 mg/L (p value<0.001). Serum Cystatin C showed a positive correlation with serum triglycerides (r=0.7), Atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) (r=0.80), TCHOL: HDL (Castelli’s Risk Index I) (r=0.71), HDL: LDL (Castelli’s Risk Index II) (r=0.70) and Atherogenic coefficient (AC) {(Non HDLc)/HDLc} (r=0.60) respectively and negative correlation with serum HDL (r=-0.52). Conclusion: Several indices have been derived from lipid profiles to establish an index for predicting the risk of having coronary event. Cystatin C, was strongly correlated with the Atherogenic index of plasma (AIP), hence AIP can be used as a better index for screening the preclinical Cardiovascular event in obese individuals as estimation of Cystatin C is cost effective.

236-241

Authors: Shailaja A Katti, Anuradha Katti Suravanshi, S S Bangar, Dipti Sanakal, Sudarshan Surendran

Osteoarthritis (OA), a joint disease, is progressive and also degenerative. This has been one of the primary causes of morbidity in elderly population, affecting their social functioning and mental health due to the pain associated with degeneration. An increase in the levels of oxidative stress is associated with the degeneration of articular cartilage and promotes the progression of the disease. Objective: Our study was designed to evaluate the amount of oxidative stress in osteoarthritis, by quantifying the levels of Malondialdehyde (MDA) and antioxidant (enzymatic – Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and non-enzymatic – Vitamin C and Vitamin E) levels. Correlation between lipid peroxidation levels and antioxidants was also done along with the above said. Materials and Methods: A total of 100 subjects were included in the study and were divided into two groups. The first group comprised of 50 patients who had been confirmed with osteoarthritis after clinical and radiological examinations. Another 50 subjects who were age and sex matched controls, formed the other group. Statistical analysis was done using Student’s t test and Pearson’s correlation coefficient was used for correlations. Results: A significant (p<0.001) increase in the serum MDA levels and a significant (p<0.001) decrease in the enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidants was observed when compared with the normal controls. Conclusion: There is an increased level of oxidative stress observed in patients with osteoarthritis, which is indicated by the increased MDA levels and the decreased antioxidant levels. Thus, these findings cite the biochemical rationale for performing clinical trials of antioxidants, in an attempt prevent and treat osteoarthritis.

246-249

Authors: Swetha Singaravelu, Shantha Kumari

Background: Alcoholism is a serious social threat in our country leading to morbidity and mortality in various aspects. It causes damage to almost all the systems of the body including central nervous system, cardiovascular system, liver and kidneys out of which liver being the most commonly affected. However renal dysfunction is usually noticed during the terminal stages by then the other systems have already damaged. Aims and Objectives: This study is to measure the parameters of renal functions like serum urea, creatinine, creatinine clearance, sodium, potassium, calcium and phosphorus in chronic alcoholic men without dependence features and to show the need to assay simple renal function tests periodically as damage to the kidneys are usually missed. Materials and Methodology: The study was conducted in 60 middle aged men of age 30-50 yrs in Dr. B. R. A. M. C. H from outpatient and inpatient departments. Among them 30 were controls and 30 were chronic alcoholics. Informed consent obtained from all subjects. A detailed history was obtained by questionnaire and serum collected from fasting sample was measured for the following analytes urea, creatinine, creatinine clearance, sodium, potassium, calcium and phosphorus. Results and Conclusion: The serum urea and creatinine values are significantly raised in cases of chronic alcoholic with p value of <0.01. The creatinine clearance is significantly lowered in cases of chronic alcoholic intake with p value of 0.006. The levels of serum sodium, potassium, calcium and phosphorous are significantly lowered when compared to the controls with a p value of <0.01. This strongly suggests chronic alcohol consumption is associated with renal dysfunction.