International Journal of Health Research in Modern Integrated Medical Sciences

6

Authors: GM Preethi, M Subrahmanyam

Aim : The literature states that the distances between the medial margin of the orbit to the anterior ethmoid foramen, from it to the posterior ethmoid foramen and from it to the optic canal are 24mm, 12mm & 6 mm. This study is to verify if this is true in the Indians as there is no data available in the literature. To the best of our knowledge it is the first study from India, which focused on the relationship of ethmoid foramina. Methods: 70 orbits of 35 Indian skulls were studied, using depth gauge, sliding calipers, dividers and metal scale by a single observer. Results: The average distance between the medial margin of the orbit and the anterior ethmoid foramen is 21.30mm and 20.37mm for right and left orbits respectively (range varying from 18 to 26mm in the right and from 14 to 26 in the left orbit). The average distance between the anterior and posterior ethmoid foramina is 12.45 and 12.47mm (range 6mm to 18mm). The average distance between the posterior ethmoid foramen and the optic canal is 6.32 and 7.37mm (range 2 mm to 18mm). 10 of 35 skulls (28.6%) had 3 foramina instead of 2 (accessory foramen), involving right orbit in 5, left in 4 and both the orbits of a skull. Conclusions: The rule 24-12-6 does not apply to Indian orbits. The anterior Ethmoid foramen is about 3mm nearer to the orbital margin. There is a great variation in the distances of ethmoid foramina. Nearly a third of the skulls have accessory ethmoid foramen.

4

Authors: D Raiza1, Sudhasmita Rout2, K Prasada Reddy3, PVB Ramalaxmi4 BK Prithvi5 , K Subramanyam Harikishan6 Abstract

Back ground : Lung cancer is the commonest cause of cancer related deaths worldwide. So early diagnosis and management is the key to prevent mortality. Bronchoscopic guided washing and brushing can complement histological biopsy in early diagnosis as it is having good cytological yield. The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of bronchoscopic washings, brushings and its correlation with subsequent biopsy in diagnosing lung lesions. Materials and methods : Prospective study of 38 cases from 20 to 70yrs of age was conducted in department of pathology, MIMS from Jan 2013 to Dec 2013. They had visible endobronchial lesions by flexible bronchoscopy and subjected to cytological washing and brushing study and subsequent biopsy. Cytological and biopsy specimens were fixed in isopropyl alcohol and formalin respectively and stained with Hemotoxylin & Eosin stain. Results : Cytology revealed 12 malignant,13 benign,5 suspicious and 2 inadequate smears respectively. Histopathology of these cases confirmed 23 as malignant and 14 as benign. True positive were 16 and true negative were 13 cases. 1 false positive case and 6 false negative cases were reported. The bronchial wash cytology showed sensitivity of 80.5%, specificity of 92.85% and accuracy of 80.5%. Conclusion : Bronchial cytology is a valuable tool and yields almost same information as biopsy.

3

Authors: S.Appala Raju1, M Vijay Bhushanam, G Rajasekhar Rao, M Venkateswara Rao

Endoscopic calcaneoplasty is a minimally invasive technique for resection of inflamed retrocalcaneal bursa and resection of abnormal prominence over the postero superior part of calcaneum.In this report, we describe the treatment of Haglund’s deformity by minimally invasive method to overcome wound healing problems.It also offers an advantage of shorter recovery time and proved cosmesis

5

Authors: P Sri Ram Naveen

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is the abrupt loss of kidney function, resulting in the retention of urea and other nitrogenous waste products and in the dysregulation of extracellular volume and electrolytes. The term AKI has largely replaced acute renal failure (ARF), reflecting the recognition that smaller decrements in kidney function that do not result in overt organ failure are of substantial clinical relevance and are associated with increased morbidity and mortality. The term ARF is now reserved for severe AKI, usually implying the need for renal replacement therapy. The loss of kidney function that defines AKI is most easily detected by measurement of the serum creatinine, which is used to estimate the glomerular filtration rate (GFR). Three problems are associated with the use of serum creatinine to quantitatively define AKI:

3

Authors: Aswini Kumar Sahoo1, A.S.Sastry2, M. K Sagar3

B-mode ultrasound of Common Carotid artery at its bifurcation for measure of the Carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT), offers a valid non-invasive quantifying test for macro-vascular complications like atherosclerosis. Material and Methods: 50 cases of type 2 Diabetes and 30 age and sex matched Non-diabetics controls were taken for present study and subjected to Ultra-sonographic scanning of the carotid arteries using B-mode color Doppler imaging to calculate CIMT. Observation: In the study group, the relationship between CIMT with triglycerides, LDL-C and total cholesterol are positively correlated (p<0.01) which is statistically significant, whereas with CIMT and HDL-C the relation is negatively correlated, which is statistically significant (p<0.01). Conclusion: This study focuses on the importance of CIMT as a simple, non-invasive, safe and cheap screening test for assessing the risk of macro-vascular complications like atherosclerosis as evidenced by strong correlation between CIMT and Lipid Abnormalities in type 2 Diabetes Mellitus patients.