Ecological safety

4

Authors: T. Alekseeva, I. Soloshych

Studies the process of soil salinization in the central part of c. Kremenchuk as a result of application of sand and salt mix to combat ice covering. The degree of salinity of the soil was determined by the solid remaining in the soil extract. The selection of soil samples occurred three times: after the first and second appliance of sand and salt mix and in spring. Studies have shown that in winter the content of dry residue in soil extract increases in the soil of the studied area. Its maximum value ranges from 0,23% (Pershotravneva street) to 0,25% (Lenina and Proletars'ka streets) that exceeds the background values in 3,3 and 3,6 times, respectively. The results showed that in spring the desalinization process takes place in the soils of the studied area. The factors that determine intensity of salinization-desalinization, including climate, soil characteristics and so on were considered. Recommendations to prevent salinization of urban soils have been offered.

4

Authors: O. Sakun

The factors of shaping environmental hazards at the territory of the natural reserve fund of Kremenchuk City and Kremenchuk district has been detected and characterized. The degree of the environmental hazards of the regional park «Kremenchuk smooth», reserves: hydrological «Bilovahivskyi», landscape of «Wide Gully», botanical «Dovho-rakivskyi», and also Keleberdyanskyi tract, the park monument of the landscape art «Pridneprovskyi» and the complex of the nature monument « City Garden » has been analyzed. The indicators of background the noise and the electromagnetic radiation for each natural reserve facility has been provided. The level of the noise pollution and the electromagnetic contamination regional researches has been established. The main source of man-made the noise and the electromagnetic pollution objects has been described. The ecologically safe system of natural reserves and territory with the highest concentration of sources of environmental hazards caused by physical factors has been defined.

5

Authors: Y. Lapshin, S. Ardashov, N. Golubtsova, О. Lihachev

The short review of the status and prospects of energetics’ development in Ukraine is done. The expediency of wide application of biogas production technology in Ukraine is being proved (anaerobic digestion). The effectiveness of the wind power installation which was modified by authors (Rospatent number 2045683), located in the shallow water area, or on a horizontal ground surface, is being investigated. The construction is automatically set in a working position by special mechanical device, but maintained and focuses on wind by the wind force. It is being proved that with help of wind power installations of this type the wind energy resources of sufficiently high standard could be mastered (used). The modification of the construction, which allows to reduce/remove the weight and work load from the resisting truck/pantone of the reference device was proposed and justified for the first time. The competitiveness of the structure (especially in the modified embodiment) with respect to all wind energy structures of high power is being proved. The need to ensure security in case of emergency is indicated and ways to resolve this problem are being outlined. The options for the protection of installations against storm were suggested.

5

Authors: V. Gavrylenko, D. Gulevets, O. Kokhan, Ya. Movchan

The article considers the analysis of animal vehicle collisions (AVC),which were included in the database of the automatic information and search system "Road traffic accident" (RTA) in the traffic police of Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine in Poltava region. The database has 712 records of AVC «impact on the animals» from period 25.04.2006 to 03.08.2014, was transferred in an electronic file in Microsoft Excel. These records were filtered and grouped according to the number of AVC with animals on the parameter "date": by day of week, by the day of month, by the months of year, by the years, by the hour of day and season of the year, and were grouped and transferred to the tables. From the tables for analysis was created chart of the distribution of accidents with collisions on animals with date and time, and a graph comparing the values of the number of accidents from collisions with animals and the average linear deviation. Analysis of AVC by date and by time can usefull for developing a monitoring system for accident collisions with animals.

5

Authors: M. Orfanova

The article considers the matter of possibility of use of silica containing materials for obtaining cement mixtures. Multiple investigations in the field of mechanical and chemical effects have shown the possibility, appropriateness and perspective of use of methods of mechanical activation of substances for improvement of technology for obtaining binding materials. We provide a short characteristic of the method of mechanical activation from a position of its influ-ence to change the solids properties. Also, there was demonstrated the prospectivity of mechanical activation method for solution of the problem of disposal of silica containing waste products and use of thereof as binding component. We describe hardened cement paste received as a result of adding of activated cement substitutes. Also, we have presented technology of obtaining binding filler for production of construction materials on the example of preparation of cement mixture by adding mechanically activated silica containing materials (sand, thermal electric station ashes). The jet-grinding activator is proposed for the technology implementation. This unit enables to produce high-activity material with particles 20-40mcm in size.

5

Authors: V. Shandrovych, M. Malovanyy, A. Malovanyy

Аnalyzed the main sources of getting nitrogen compounds in the effluent and their impact on the environment. The course of Anammox process was identified in the studied system. The research ANAMMOX - process, as the latest, effective and low-cost method of wastewater treatment from nitrogen-containing compounds. It was proven that natural zeolite can be used as a carrier for Anammox bacteria immobilization. A result of the studies have provided positive results in removal of nitrogen from wastewater. The experimental relations of Anammox process course were obtained. The long term performance of reactor confirms the stability of the process in time.The work and the results indicate the high efficiency of the process under study.

6

Authors: V. Kobrin, N. Nechiporuk, V. Vambol

Was investigated the relevance of scientific and applied problem of environmental safety way to dispose of solid household and industrial waste. Analyzed the possible solutions to the problem of accumulation of environmentally hazardous waste production and consumption. Proposed the system of environmental control at the disposal of solid household and industrial waste. Based on the analysis of the results of the research has developed a technology that allows you to prevent the formation of highly toxic substances in the waste production and consumption and significantly reduce energy consumption. Showing the structure of a plasma furnace to implement the process of gasification of waste, followed by post-combustion gases under the proposed technology. Presented recycling technology allows to obtain products suitable for fueling vehicles, gas holders or storage tanks, heating and electricity.

6

Authors: T. Rygas

The integrated indicator of the health of the population, which reflects the degree of "wear and tear" of functional systems of the body, the rate of "aging" and biological age. In industrialized region loaded with a wide range of components of environmental hazard zones with different levels of anthropogenic impact. Experimentally determined values of indicators characterizing different aspects of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems. A comparative evaluation of these parameters in industrial residents loaded region (urban residents) and those that live away from sources of man-made hazards (rural). Confirmed the relationship between the level of environmental hazards and health of children and youth population.

8

Authors: P. Sankov, N. Tkach, V. Bakharev

In the article, the recommendations were made on organization of ecologically safe placement of parking spaces for vehicles considering the noise factor. The issues of classification of residential groups and purpose of micro regional passages. The noise characteristics of a parking lot considering the quantity of vehicles, their sound power ration and usage of a parking site itself are determinationed. The examples are given for placement of vehicles for the areas of districts and district passages considering the area for one space for a vehicle and distance of the vehicle parking spaces from the windows of residential houses. Based on the research of noise characteristics in terms of sound power levels of cars that move on low speed internal quarterly driveways and parking for temporary storage of vehicles in residential areas within developed a method of determining the noise characteristics of parking places considering their acoustic activity, the use of which makes it possible to predict mode noise residential areas where the parking lots.

8

Authors: V. Udod, O. Zhukova

The water system of the Kalmius river is within the Donetsk region, which is characterized by high manufacturing potential and high technogenic loading of areas leading to quantitative and qualitative exhaustion of the water system. Author examined changes in hydrochemical and hydrobiological parameters in conditions of special modified ( anthropogenic ) factors. The Hydroecosystems of the Kalmius river are characterized by high level of water pollution , changes in the structural and functional properties, reduction in their self-repairing ability. These condition changes of the HE lead to disruption of dynamic balance of development in them what is happening at the level of biodiversity in quantitative terms of the Shannon information index . A large number of species in the HE are characterized by a high index value. The article presents evidence of qualitative depletion of aquatic ecosystems (GE) R. Kalmius. It is established that under the conditions of constant action of specialized modifying factors take place impaired biotic regulation of GE, which is determined by using the integrated environmental biocenotic method of control. The method allows the identification of trophic disorders, self-regulatory and other violations.