Iranica Journal of Energy and Environment (IJEE)

210 - 212

Authors: Adi Surjosatyo, Fajri Vidian

Gasification offers a combination of flexibility, efficiency, and friendliness to the environment that these are important in meeting the energy needs to overcome impurities or contaminants, and organic particles, such as tar. In fact tar is a serious problem that must be considered in the process of gasification, especially for an internal combustion engine application. Gas cleaning system is one the methods to reduce the tar produced in gasification process. This study aims to evaluate the content of tar before and after the venturi scrubber. Gasification air flow rate was 189.6 lpm; the water flow rates through the venturi scrubber were in the range of 10 to 30 lpm. The tar contents of the produced gas before and after cleaning were 675 and 125 mg/m3, respectively.

225 - 231

Authors: João Tadeu de Lima Oliveira, Lucia Helena Garófalo Chaves, José Amilton Santos Júnior, Doroteu Honório Guedes Filho, Vinícius Batista Campos

Decline in crop yield has been a problem in Northern Brazil region due to inherent low fertility status of the soils and water deficit of different crops. In order to study the effects of nitrogen and available soil water levels on growth and yield components of sunflower, an experiment was carried out from March to June 2010 in a semi-controlled greenhouse condition of the Federal University of Campina Grande, Paraiba, Brazil using Alfisol soil. The treatments were arranged as a completely randomized design, in a 4×4 factorial experiment (four nitrogen levels and four available soil water levels), in triplicates, total of 48 experimental units. The nitrogen levels in kg/ha were 0; 60; 80 and 100 which was added as urea; the available soil water levels were 55; 70; 85 and 100%. The results of this research indicate that nitrogen had a significant effect only on leaf area at 40 DAS and % achenes viable. The effect of available soil water on sunflower cv. Embrapa 122/V-2000 biometry and the yield showed that there were significant differences, on average, in all growth traits (stem height and diameter) at 40 and 60 DAS, in leaf number at 40 DAS, in leaf area at 40 and 60 DAS and in all production traits. The biometry and yield response to available soil water of different crops is of major importance in production planning. In this study, the maximum biometry and yield response factor of sunflower was determined at 100 % of available soil water.

241 - 245

Authors: Ali Motamedzadegan, Shahla Khoddam

In this paper, application of computational fluid dynamics simulation of the cooking process of bread and energy saving inside an oven is presented. A two dimensional CFD model is applied to investigate the hot air distribution and bread cooking conditions inside the stove. Results are shown as velocity contours, turbulence intensity, static temperature and pressure distribution. It was found that the turbulence intensity was the highest at part of the stove, which means which part of bread would cook the fastest as it receives larger quantity of energy compared to other parts. The arrangement of the stove is discussed and some improvement offered to find a desire temperature distribution that leads to a suitable cooking process. In addition, the current results can be useful for next improvements on the existing stove for energy saving. In this paper, application of computational fluid dynamics simulation of the cooking process of bread and energy saving inside an oven is presented. A two dimensional CFD model is applied to investigate the hot air distribution and bread cooking conditions inside the stove. Results are shown as velocity contours, turbulence intensity, static temperature and pressure distribution. It was found that the turbulence intensity was the highest at part of the stove, which means which part of bread would cook the fastest as it receives larger quantity of energy compared to other parts. The arrangement of the stove is discussed and some improvement offered to find a desire temperature distribution that leads to a suitable cooking process. In addition, the current results can be useful for next improvements on the existing stove for energy saving.

255 - 258

Authors: Hossein Dehghan, Hamid Hassanpour, Ali A. Pouyan

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by impaired glucose metabolism and can be detected using Positron Emission Tomography (PET) neuroimaging. In this study, an automatic method for diagnosis of AD based on region of interest (ROI) is presented. First, subject’s PET neuroimage is automatically parcellated into 48 predefined ROIs using Harvard-Oxford structural Atlas. The most discriminative regions are discovered using principal component analysis (PCA). Based on features extracted using PCA, support vector machines are adapted to discriminate normal control (NC) from AD. For classification of AD from NC, the proposed method achieves 89.14% of classification accuracy; while the accuracy of Automated Anatomical Labeling (AAL)-based approach is only 80.68%.

264 - 269

Authors: Hamid Golchoubian, Hakimeh Fazilati

The infrared and electronic absorption spectra of a series of new heteroleptic chelated copper (II) complexes [Cu(diamine)(acac)]X that encompass N,N′-1,6-bis(2-bromophenyl)-2,5-diazahexane (diamine), acetylacetonate (acac) and ClO4-, BPh4-, PF6- and BF4-(X) were studied. The IR, electronic absorption spectra and the molar conductivity of the newly prepared complexes were presented and discussed. The molar conductivity in dichloromethane reveals a predominance of electrostatic interactions between [Cu(diamine)(acac)]+ entity and anions, X- that counterbalance the positive charge. The resulting complexes with local symmetry of CuO2N2 attain a square-coplanar structure and exhibit the tendency for axial ligation, which is enhanced when an electron-attracting substituent is attached to the phenyl ring of diamine moiety. The tendency for axial ligation is particularly fulfilled when suitable nucleophiles (solvents) with different donor abilities exist, leading to solvatochromism. The solute-solvent interactions are revealed by shifts in the ligand field absorption spectra that are enhanced as the donor power of the solvent increases. Linear dependence of the ligand field absorption maximum on solvent donor number is generally observed.

280 - 283

Authors: Ahmad Kouchakzadeh

The sesame seeds were mechanically cold pressed at temperature below 45 then centrifuged. No chemicals were used. The temperature during centrifugation of sesame paste was recorded. Temperatures in less than one hour operation has elevated to 148, 273 and 315 in 1200, 1800 and 2400 G-force centrifugal acceleration, respectively. since the centrifugal accelerations during the process cut at 1200, 1800 and 2400 G-force at about 35, 20 and 10 minutes, respectively. The maximum allowable temperatures raised to about 100 . Linear and quadratics regression model were fitted to data.