International Research Journal of Interdisciplinary & Multidisciplinary Studies (IRJIMS)

1-9

Authors: Abhijit Bag

‘Chakma’, a Mongoloid Buddhist tribe who were residing to North- Eastern states of undivided India. There were some small tribe groups. Chakmas were the one of the two biggest tribe communities among them who were dominating this C.H.T (Chittagong Hill Tracts) region. The area was once under controlled by British rulers of India. But the CHT is a integral part of Bangladesh now. The CHT was declared as a “Fully Excluded Area” by the act of 1935 by the British Indian rulers. India got its independence from British rule on the fifteen day of August, 1947 and then the CHT was included into Pakistani territory. But the same CHT region was again included into Bangladesh in 1971, when it had got independence from Pakistani regime. But the problem is, after the several decades, the Chakmas have been remained stateless, they are refused to get citizenship by any sovereign states irrespective of Pakistan, Bangladesh, or even India. Though chakmas should have been granted citizenship by India and Bangladesh also, but it is regret to say that nothing has been made in favour of chakmas to live prestigiously in Bangladesh and even in India. Key words: Chakma community, C.H.T area, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Arunachal Pradesh, India, stateless.

29-36

Authors: Dr. Sudha.S.R

Good health is one of the basic human needs and worldwide recognized goal for faster socio-economic development. Health is an important aspect of human life, at present it has also become an important aspect of any nation’s public services and planning. Every country, whether developed or developing nation has its own policy or public healthcare delivery system. Health is determined not only by medical care but also by determinants outside the medical sector. Public health approach is to deal with all these determinants of health there have been major improvements in public health since 1950s, India is passing through demographic and environmental transition which is adding to burden of diseases. There is triple burden of diseases, viz. communicable, non-communicable and emerging infectious diseases. This high burden of disease, disability and death can only be addressed through an effective public health system. However, the growth of public health in India has been very slow due to low public expenditure on health. Health care. out-of-pocket expenditure dominates the cost financing health care, the effects are bound to be regressive. Indian Government has introduced many health programmes for the development of health sector but the Country is still facing various health issues and health problems. As the world’s largest democracy and the second most populous country in the world, India has experienced sea change since its independence in various facets of development. However as per public health is concerned, 22% of our population is malnourished, 48% of our nation’s children are stunted (UNICEF report) and which is already responsible for the two-third morbidity burden. Adding to existing glaring difference in access and equity to people, the ratio of beds in hospitals available to population in rural areas is lower than that for urban areas. The ratio of doctors to population in rural areas lower than that in the urban population. In this paper an attempt has been made to analyze the Status and Challenges of public health in India.

45-63

Authors: Okechukwu S. Amadi, Inyikalum Daniel B.

Necessitating this research paper had been the discovery that the Niger Delta militants’ disposition against the Federal government of Nigeria and the oil firms coupled with international pressures, compelled the Federal Government to grant amnesty to the Niger Delta Militants. The amnesty deal was a desperate effort by the Nigerian State to end the Niger Delta crisis, and thereby restore some dignity and pride to itself. Given this background, the research paper investigates the nature and character of the amnesty deal and examines the rationale behind it. The objective of this paper also, is the establishment of the relationship between amnesty and political stability, to determine whether amnesty is a better option for the resolution of conflict such as the Niger Delta conflict than force and litigation, it critically examines the impact of the amnesty program on the socio-economic growth of the region especially in Rivers State, it further systematically and objectively investigates the degree and conditions of acceptance of the amnesty program in the Niger Delta region and importantly profer solutions that can help sustain and strengthen the amnesty programme in order for peace to reign specifically in the Niger Delta Region and by extension Nigeria.

70-77

Authors: Navin Prasad

The Public libraries have recognized their role to satisfy information needs of all types of people in the society. The government at the state level and National level has taken initiatives to make public libraries as important source of information’s for people formal walks of life. The National mission on libraries setup by ministry of culture has provided recommendations for development of libraries and information centers to make public libraries equipped with information. This article describes the development of the public library system in india, several exercises in its evaluation during the mid-1990s, and the current direction of its planning. After outlining the system, it concentrates on the public library system in india.Quantitative and qualitative Survey data portray the demographics of library clientele, their information needs, their rating of library materials, facilities and personnel, and the relationship between their evaluations and the preliminary stages of automation. Analysis focuses on issues of age, gender and the rural-urban divide in determining the future planning of the system. This paper provides a descriptive account of the development, growth and the present scenario of the public library system and services in India. Moreover, the changes, happened during the period of time are also taken in to the consideration in this paper.