International Research Journal of Interdisciplinary & Multidisciplinary Studies (IRJIMS)

1-12

Authors: ড. সুশান্ত ঘোষ

‘Nandantattwa’ is a Bengali philosophical word dealing with the nature art and beauty. The concept of the Nandantattwa in the field of literature means critical reflection on art, culture, and nature. Every poet has a self-idea and contribution about his creation because every poet is a different person from others, toward his style mind and eyesight. Rabindranath Tagore, William Shakespeare, Keats, Eliot -every great composer have a different explanation about their philosophy of life and aesthetics. Jibanananda Dash was a great poet of modern Bengali Literature. His concept about the Nandantattwa is very nearest and little different from Tagore and Yeats. Philosophical idea of Jibananda Dash was mainly based on Indian philosophy with western modernism. He was surrealist and metaphysical in nature. He believed that art is the worship of beauty and beauty is its own recommendation. But the contemporary issues are very much important for a great poet. He told that clarity of time-knowledge, philosophical, historical consciousness and universal idea is the necessary parts of a poet. Actually his concepts about the poem and poetry are very much similar to the well-known theory in literature ‘art for art’s sake’ and ‘play theory’. He feels beauty can’t be defined but beauty is the key component of art and the aesthetic experience. He saw art as necessary aiming at absolute beauty and most perfect kind of knowledge that scene experience can here. Key words: Nandantattwa, aesthetics, Jibanananda Dash, western modernism, metaphysical

19-26

Authors: Dr. K Eswara Reddy

If every citizen of a country will become honest, then that country will surely grow by leaps and bounds. Honesty leads to growth, development and progress in all aspects of life and society. The opposite of honesty is corruption. Corruption is an act done by taking undue advantage of one's position, power or authority to gain certain rewards and favours. Corruption opposes development and growth. It is very harmful and detrimental for all aspects of society and life. It corrodes their beauty, values, strength and resources. In India, the epidemic of corruption is spreading rapidly in every fields and departments. Contractors and builders are constructing weak and low standard roads, bridges and houses. Students are engaged in mass copying. Teachers and examining body are indulge in leaking out question papers. Doctors prescribe unnecessary medicines and pathology examinations for commissions. Traders are engaged in overcharging, adulteration and underweighting. Government officials take bribe for doing or sanctioning any work or contracts. Scams in banks, financial institutions, sports, defense department, religious places, government projects are the order of the day. Hence, it has become biggest threat to the social and economical development of India. There is tremendous loss of national wealth due to various scams. In order to cure society from this deadly social pathology. Key Words: Corruption, Development, Growth, Society, Barrier.

34-44

Authors: Dr. Arshad Javed Rizvi

This research report, mainly focus on the supremacy and evolution of military in Pakistan, giving out lines of short back ground of Pakistan’s political history before and offer independence. Scholarly focus on civil and military relations since 1947, military interventions in to the political domain and its withdrawals. Pakistan has seen four military coup, how and why these military regimes have ended, the conditions that led to end the Military Regimes in 1968, 1971, 1988 and 2008, causes were based upon the divergence of interests between the leaders of the military regime, who wanted to keep their strong ship on political power and the active leaders of the armed forces they seek to protect, promote and advance the corporate interests of military. Given Pakistan’s volatile relationship with India, centered on the decades-long conflict for control of Kashmir, Pakistan has always been a ‘security state’, and the national military has historically been a key player in the geopolitical arena. However, information on Pakistan’s armed forces is very limited, and interaction with Western civilian and military institutions is heavily controlled. The climate of secrecy within the Pakistan military and its associated security services directly and indirectly affects civil–military coordination and presents humanitarian actors with a highly complicated operational environment. Key Words: independent state, corporate, military intervention, regime, secrecy, military-civil relationship, geopolitical.

55-62

Authors: Ms. Debadrita Mukherjee

For a long time it is believed that though brahmanical society’s attitude towards public women was not praiseworthy but surprisingly, Gaṇikās, who were the finest among the public women, acquired a respected place in ancient Indian society. Numerous textual references of Gaṇikās, their glories, state’s concern for their well-being help to create this illusion. But if we read between the lines we can notice that though Gaṇikās got political security from the king, she lost the right over her own body to him. They were considered as Strī- Ratna but were prescribed to denounce all human emotions. Contemporary texts, which show concern for them, do not hesitate to testify that she is a commodity so whoever can afford her, can have her. She could not build a relationship which was more than economical and physical. True love had no place in her life. According to Kāmasūtra, Kuṭṭanīmata after making her lover impoverished, she should abandon him. State allowed her to lead a life in luxury (only for their life time) but prescribed her to live outside the boundary of the town or to the extreme south of the town as it represented the presence of Yam, the God of death. Brahmanical social norms did not allow ‘decent’ people to accept food from a Gaṇikā. Thus in return of the pride for being praised by learned men, Gaṇikās had to trade their soul and were reduced to some beautiful, rare, costly but inanimate ‘jewels’ from human beings. Key Words: Ancient, Indian, Gaṇikā, Women, Prostitution, Patriarchy, Literature, Discrimination.

80-86

Authors: Dr. Manish kumar Patel,Dr. N.G. Gramopadhye,Dr. N. S. Hingmire

Alarka (Rabies) is a disease of sangyavaha srotas in Ayurveda. Rabies is an acute, highly fatal viral disease of central nervous system caused by Lyssavirus type 1.It is a zoometric disease of warm blooded animals such as dogs, is transmitted to man usually by bites or licks of ras alarka visha. Incurable features include, image of bitten animal observed by the affected person water and in mirror in ayurved term i.e. Hydrophobia in which it is stand that Jalasantrasa sight, touch and sound of water aggravates the symptoms. Treatment of the Alarka is described by Sushruta acharya in sushruta samhita.The treatment mention by Acharyas include drinking of Puran ghrita, Virechana, Dhatura- Sharpunkha yoga etc. Key Words: Rabies, Hydrophobia,Alarkavisha,Ayurvedic treatment.