International Research Journal of Interdisciplinary & Multidisciplinary Studies (IRJIMS)

1-18

Authors: ড.অভিজিৎ গঙ্গোপাধ্যায়

‘Kali’, the Goddess in hindoo mythology is entitled as the Goddess of Power or Supreme Energy. In fifteenth century the famous bengalee pandit named Krishnananda Agambagish transcripted his idea about the image & spirit of Goddess ‘Kali’ in his ‘Tantrasar’ book, has taken as a considerable and consented model of ‘Kali’ in entire Bengal. In great Indian legendary like ‘Mahabharata’, ‘Haribansham’, Upanishadas and other vedic literatures the description of Goddess ‘Kali’ has been admitted in various ways. ‘Devi Kali’ was also being imaged and prayed differently in ‘Raghubansham’ and ‘Kumarsambhabam’ written by Kalidasa as well as ‘Kadambari’ and ‘Malatimadhaba’ written by Banbhatta and Bhababhuti respectively. In the Primitive cult of our country, Goddess ‘Kali’ was being signified as a Non-Aryan odyssey. The Aryan invasion theory says that ‘Asuras’ were being worshiped outside of India mythologically and brought to India by the Indo-Aryans. Once the Aryans has started to worship ‘Kali’ as to get the power of destruction from ‘Devi’ against ‘Asuras’. In the middle-age history of our country, ‘Jayadratha-Yamal’ book described ‘Devi Kali’ by the name of ‘Ishan Kali’, ‘Raksha Kali’, ’Birjya Kali’, ‘Pragya Kali’ etc. In our country the rituality and doctrine of ‘Shakto’ is fully sovereign in respect to the other two like ‘Shaiba’ and ‘Bhagabat’. ‘Kali’ or ‘Kalika’ is being keenly worshiped by bengalee in the name of ‘Shyama’ or ‘Adyashakti Mahamaya’ also. She is also reckoned as ‘Dashamahavidya in ‘Tantra’. In eighteenth & Nineteenth Century ‘Devi Durga’ and ‘Devi Kali’ was being vastly devoted as ‘JagatJaanani’ or ‘Jaganmata’ (The eternal mother of country) by Bankim Chandra Chottopadhyay, Ramakrishnadev, Vivekananda, Netaji Subhaschandra Bose and others. Even today the idea has been changed. Now we find and celebrate ‘Dussehra’ Festival as a day of lightning the prosperity and defeating the evils from our soul and society. Recently US President Barack Obama greeted Hindoos, Sikhs, Jains and Buddhists across the globe on the occasion of ‘Diwali’, saying ‘The flame of the ‘Diya’, or lamp reminds us that light will ultimately triumph over darkness’.

33-38

Authors: শম্পা দেব কানুনগো

Swami Vivekananda was a great Indian philosopher who wanted to build a society of equal order and spiritually rich. His view was that the people must be educated so that they can manifest themselves in right direction and work for the development of the country. True education is the only path of development of a country and the development will be possible only when all the classes of people be educated. According to Vivekananda, people are the main wealth of a ‘Nation’ or ‘Country’. Women are the essential strength of it. They must be educated in a true way and right direction so as to develop the country. Women are not given right place in society at present in the patriarchal societies. They are subordinated in the society. But actually they are the main strength and source of inspiration in all time in all the society. They must be emancipated and educated so as to have a civilised society. Moral education according to Vivekananda is an essential part of human development. Spirituality with moral and physical education is the main aim of true education. Vivekananda desired a society in which there will be no class consciousness. All people will be of equal respect. There will be no exploitation of man by man. Truly speaking, there will be a classless, educated, morally and spiritually rich society where women will be given due respect and a high status.

46-55

Authors: চন্দন দাস

Handloom industry is an ancient cottage industry in India as well as in the World and also there are different handloom centers in India providing unique characteristics by the weaving process and techniques. The design of Santipuri hand woven saris in West Bengal had special characteristics by its process of weaving. So, my study is focuses on the ongoing debate on handloom industry specially in India and West Bengal and also I want to see those debates are how much suitable to the industry or I want to rethink Santipuri handloom industry on the basis of such arguments.

71-85

Authors: Sham N Kashyap,Chandrika Shetty,

The human development status of the tribal population of Kodagu in dire contrast to its impressive overall district figures displays the unique disposition of these communities. Isolated by inaccessible physical terrains, low penetration of infrastructure and health services in rural areas, lack of land ownership and political voice and unique mainstreaming challenges, sizeable portion of Kodagu’s tribal communities continue to delve at the bottom of the human development ladder. This paper argues that local institutions matter and are to be understood not just on the basis of conformity of their structure against prescribed norms, but against the backdrop of their expected role in boosting the status of human development of local tribal communities. This paper analyses the status of human development of scheduled tribes in Kodagu using a comparative approach. It provides an overview of the government efforts for the development of tribal communities and highlights issues related to local governance, which hinder the overall human development of the district’s tribal population. While empirically analysing the specific areas for improvement in the areas of education, health, livelihood and governance that hasten tribal human development, the paper contributes to the conceptual understanding of how local de-jure inclusive institutions like PRIs and bureaucracy contribute to the human development of tribal communities in the district. The secondary data for the paper is based on the district human development report of Kodagu, whereas primary data is derived from personal interviews with tribal communities and leaders, government officials and local plantation owners.

1-16

Authors: Dr. Abhijit Gongopadhyay

The Partition of Bengal was took place in the year 1905. Depending upon this background Rabindranath Tagore wrote his Sparkling political novel named ‘Ghore Baire’ which was published in the year 1916. The main role three characters of this novel are Nikhilesh, Bimala and Sandip has been formerly discussed in many ways. In this article, I want to draw my attention in these characters psychologically. In my point of view, Bimala is such an astonishing lady character by whom the most sensitive oscillation of unconscious was immensely reflected likewise the other two. On the one side, Nikhilesh’s contradictory ‘feeling of authority’ towards Bimala and on the other, Bimala’s conflict of mind rounding about Nikhilesh and Sandip has given a dramatic turn in its whole story. Obviously, Bimla is the centered character and Sandip runs through its periphery. The reticent character Nikhilesh has always tried to enact its symmetry in himself. According to the theory of Sigmund Freud, the mind unfolded into three parts and those are conscious, sub-conscious and unconscious. In my article, I have tried to judge that how they co-relates in a single character’s stroke with the other two in different situations. The psychological counter attack of indirect characters like Chandranath babu and Amulya are also very important in this sphere.

29-48

Authors: Rahul Kumar Deb

The New religious movement of the 19th century Bengal which had sprung up as an alternative to the religious tradionalism, had a positive outlook on life and aimed at reforming the socio cultural maladies of the people, was called Brahmo Samaj movement. The Brahmo Samaj was founded by Raja Rammohan Roy in 1828 based on his conception of theism and ethical precepts. It is noteworthy that during his stay at Rangpur, as a clerk in the collectorate under Mr. John Digby the concept of monotheism grew in his mind. At that time Rammohan carried on religious controversies with the pundits, wrote tracts in Persian, translated portions of the Vedanta, studied the tantras and made a study of the kalpa sutras and other Jaina scriptures. Thus it was a time of strenuous preparation for his future work. Besides, he used to hold vigorous religious discussions every evening at his Rangpur residence in which he used all the weapons of his armory in exposing the absurdities of idolatry. So we can say that Rangpur was the birth place of Brahmo dharma. After the death of Rammohan under the leadership of Keshab Chandra sen and Shivnath sastri, Brahmo movement spread its wave all over India. In the late 19th century Brahmo samaj had formed its branches in district of Rangpur too. History of the Brahmo samaj in Rangpur district is somewhat difference from other districts of North Bengal in the sense that the emergence of Brahmo samaj in this district was not limited in Rangpur town only. In other sub-divisional town and village area especially sayedpur, kurigram, Nilfamari and saddaypuskorini Brahmo samaj find its root. Though some serious study has been made on the life and activity of Rammohan during his Rangpur days but the Rangpur Brahmo Samaj movement in the post Rammohan period remains still a relatively unexplored field. Therefore in order to widen the area of investigation the role of the Brahmo samaj in the sayedpur, kurigram, Nilfamari and saddaypuskorini in the district of Rangpur in the late 19th and 20th century has been chosen for in depth study in my research article, whose development will be described in this following.

61-75

Authors: Dr. Pendo N. S. Kasoga

Culture is an important factor that influences acceptance of microfinance institutions lending models. Many scholars have applied Hofstede’s cultural model to understand how values affect people’s behaviors or decisions. However, researchers had overlooked applying Hofstede’s cultural model on microfinance institutions lending models. This study integrates Hofstede’s cultural model with borrowing decisions incurring joint vs. individual liability. To address these challenges, a study is conducted from two microfinance institutions namely, PRIDE (T) and FINCA (T) located in two regions within Tanzania namely, Dodoma and Arusha. The study employs explanatory research design involving 420 respondents. Selection of respondents was conducted using systematic technique. Questionnaires were used to collect information. The Structural Equation Modeling was used to perform the analysis. The findings have shown that individualism exist among the majority of joint liability borrowers and influences negatively borrowing incurring joint liability making joint liability an inappropriate lending model. Likewise, collectivism was found to exist among few joint liability borrowers and influences positively borrowing incurring joint liability, making joint liability an inappropriate lending model. Therefore, cultural values influence the appropriateness of the microfinance institutions lending model. It is recommended that more emphasis should be put on improving the microfinance institutions lending model to take into consideration differences in cultural values. This will in turns encourage the majority of low income people to borrow from microfinance institutions, thereby improving the chances for the achievement of the goal of poverty alleviation.

87-105

Authors: Idıl Karademirlidag Suher,Cisil Sohodol Bir,Aysel Yapar

The concept of Corporate Social Responsibility is recently so outstanding because companies have started to understand they can grow not only with financial investment, but they can also grow with focus on social problems. Many companies have started to evaluate CSR principles in order to compete better in the global market and to promote products and services by emphasizing corporate social responsibility activities. Corporate social responsibility activities are also seen vital due to their contribution to employee satisfaction and loyalty. In this article, it is researched if there is a relationship with corporate social responsibility works with the employees’ job satisfaction and their loyalty to their company. To reach to the results, a survey study has been done and according to the survey results, companies’ corporate social responsibility activities have positive effect on employees satisfaction and loyalty.

114-124

Authors: Sajjad Hossine Sharif

Telecommunication is a crucial part of our modern life style and has significant influence over the growth of economy. Telecommunication is one of the most impact factors that support the promotion of business sector as well as other vital aspects of economy. In one sentence, telecommunication is the blood flow of the modern economy which intensifies the productivity level that will in return make contribution toward the various important economic factors like increasing the growth rate of GDP or GDP per capita. This paper is developed with an aim to determine the relationship between telecommunication and economic growth. To investigate this article pursues secondary data of last 41 years time horizon (1975-2015). This article implement OLS regression models where economic growth is determined in term of relevant influential variables such as teledensity, investment in telecommunication sector, revenue from telecom industry, revenue percentage of GDP, internet users. This research paper indicates that telecommunication industry might have strong and positive relationship with the economic growth.

134-142

Authors: Topgyal Zimba

The commercialization of Agriculture that characterized the Indian economy in the 19th Century did not leave far flung area as Darjeeling unaffected as an outcome Darjeeling became specialized in Tea production. Through the accounts of Western travellers in Tibet, British had learned that Tibetan were fond of tea; it was much in demand in Tibet and the Chinese used to cater to their demand. The close proximity of Tibet from the tea producing Darjeeling hills coupled with the knowledge of favourable trade potential with Tibet instigated the Colonial Government to nourished high aims of selling tea across the Himalayas, but ironically instead of selling tea to Tibet, Colonial India found itself importing tea from Tibet into Darjeeling. It is in this context that my article attempts to understand the prospect of Darjeeling Tea in the Trans Himalayan trade, it aims to reconstruct the attempts of colonial Government to promote Darjeeling tea in Tibet, discusses the nature of Tibetan tea and subsequent failure to woo Tibetans who instead preferred tea from China.

1-9

Authors: Biplab Kumar Das

শিক্ষা একটি সভ্য জনপদের উন্নয়ন পরিমাপের সবচেয়ে নির্ভরযোগ্য মাপকাঠি। সমাজের মেরুদন্ড শিক্ষা, সৃষ্টির সূচনাকাল থেকেই সভ্যতার উন্নয়নের ধারাকে অব্যাহত রাখতে প্রধানতম ভূমিকা পালন করে চলেছে। আক্ষরিক অর্থে ‘শিক্ষা’-র উৎপত্তি সংস্কৃত ‘শাস্’ ধাতু থেকে, যার অর্থ শাসন করা, শৃঙ্খলিত করা বা নিয়ন্ত্রিত ইত্যাদি। শৃঙ্খলা ও নিয়ন্ত্রনের মাধ্যমে শিক্ষা ব্যবস্থায় একদিকে যেমন সমাজের অতীত ঐতিহ্য-সংস্কৃতি সময়ের পরম্পরা অনুযায়ী সঞ্চালিত হয় পরবর্তী অপত্য জনধারায় তেমনি বহিঃবিশ্বের সঙ্গে ব্যক্তি মননের তথা সৃষ্টিশীলতার আদান-প্রদানও সম্ভব হয় শিক্ষার মাধ্যমে। ফলে ব্যক্তিকল্যাণ এবং সামগ্রিক অর্থে সমাজকল্যাণ তথা সামাজিক উন্নয়ন ও আধুনিকীকরণের সর্ব্বোত্তম উপায় হল শিক্ষা। আবার একথাও ঠিক যে, শিক্ষাব্যবস্থা পরিচালিত হয় সংশ্লিষ্ট সমাজের সামাজিক দর্শন দ্বারা। ভারতবর্ষের এই সুপ্রাচীন সভ্যজনপদে এদেশের শিক্ষাব্যবস্থা যুগেযুগে সমৃদ্ধ হয়েছে বহু মনিষীর উন্নত জীবনদর্শন ও শিক্ষাভাবনা দ্বারা। প্রাচীন বৈদিক যুগ থেকে শুরু করে আজকের সমসাময়িক শিক্ষাভাবনাতেও ভারতীয় সমাজদর্শনের প্রভাব সুস্পষ্ট। মূলত সামাজিক চাহিদার নিরিখেই পরিচালিত হয়েছে আমাদের শিক্ষাব্যবস্থাপনা। ফলে শিক্ষাআঙিনায় বিভিন্ন সামাজিক প্রেক্ষাপট, স্তরবিন্যাস, সামাজিক পরিবর্তন, গতিশীলতা, প্রথা-রীতি ইত্যাদি উল্লেখযোগ্যভাবে উপস্থিত। প্রাচীনকাল থেকে অদ্যাবধি ভারতীয় সমাজ লক্ষ্য করলে দেখা যায় বর্ণভেদ তথা জাতিভেদ ব্যবস্থা আমাদের সভ্যতার সবচেয়ে আলোচিত ভয়ানক তথা চিরপ্রাচীন একটি ক্ষত, যা যুগেযুগে শুধুমাত্র সমাজব্যবস্থাকেই ক্ষতিগ্রস্ত করে নি, শিক্ষাব্যবস্থাও যথেষ্ট ব্যাহত হয়েছে এই অমানবিক অসাম্যের দ্বারা। যার প্রত্যক্ষ ফলস্বরূপ শিক্ষায় আজও আমরা সঠিকমানের সমানাধিকার বাস্তবিক অর্থে প্রতিষ্ঠা করতে পারি নি। স্বাধীনোত্তর সময়ে আইন প্রনয়ণ, নীতি গ্রহণ, সাংবিধানিক প্রতিশ্রুতি বা সংরক্ষণের মতো রাজনৈতিক মর্যাদাদান সবই হয়েছে নিম্নবর্ণীয় মানুষের সেবার্থে কিন্তু এই আশীর্বাদ সর্বজনীনতা বা সার্বিক সাফল্য লাভ করেনি সেভাবে। আজও সমাজের সেই ক্ষত নিরাময়ের আন্তরিক ও যথার্থ প্রচেষ্টার অভাবে শিক্ষাব্যবস্থাপনা বারবারে আঘাতপ্রাপ্ত হচ্ছে এই ঘৃণ্য সামাজিক কাঠামো বিন্যাসের দ্বারা। ফলে সঠিক মানের প্রত্যাশাপূরণে ব্যর্থ হচ্ছে আজকের আধুনিক শিক্ষাচিন্তাও। যদিও এই ব্যর্থতার কারণসমূহ বয়ে এসেছে কালের বহমানতায়। প্রাচীন বর্ণভেদ প্রথা কালক্রমে সংকীর্ণ ব্যক্তি-স্বার্থ বা অন্যান্য সামাজিক কারণে আজকের জাতিভেদে রূপ বদলেছে । ফলে এই অসাম্যেরও গঠনগত পরিবর্তন এসেছে সময়ের সাপেক্ষে, যা প্রতিটি যুগের শিক্ষা উদ্দেশ্যকে ব্যহত করেছে বিভিন্নভাবে। সভ্যতার উষালগ্নে প্রাচীন যুগের বৈদিক শিক্ষায় সর্বপ্রথম এই অসমসুযোগের ধারা পরিলক্ষিত হয়, যা পরবর্তীতে মহাকাব্যের যুগ ধরে মধ্যযুগে এমনকি আধুনিক যুগেও বিভিন্ন রূপে ও মাত্রায় প্রকাশিত। বর্ণভেদের মতো অসামাজিক প্রথার উপস্থিতির কারণেই প্রাচীনবৈদিক কালের শিক্ষা ব্যবস্থাপনার বিভিন্ন অসাম্যের রূপ আমরা দেখতে পাই, যা সমসাময়িক কালেও সমানভাবে প্রাসঙ্গিক। যদিও এর ব্যাতিক্রমী দর্শনও ছিল। প্রাচীন কালের ভারতীয় শিক্ষায় একমাত্র বৌদ্ধভাবনাতেই সামাজিক সাম্যের ও শিক্ষায় সমানাধিকারের সুর ধ্বনিত হয়েছিল। আবার বর্ণাশ্রমকে স্বীকার করেও মহাকাব্য যুগের শিক্ষা হয়ে উঠেছিল অনেকটাই বাস্তব ও বৃত্তিভিত্তিক। অর্থাৎ প্রাচীনকালের ভারতীয় শিক্ষায় শূদ্রের অবস্থান বিভিন্ন সময়ে ভিন্নভিন্ন আঙ্গিকে পরিলক্ষিত ও আলোচিত হয়েছে দৃঢ়তার সঙ্গেই। এই লেখায় প্রাচীনকালের ভারতীয় শিক্ষায় বর্ণভেদের উপস্থিতি বা শিক্ষায় শূদ্রের অবস্থান তুলে ধরার প্রচেষ্টা করা হয়েছে মাত্র। বৈদিকযুগের বিভিন্ন সময়ের সামাজিক বিন্যাসকরণের আলোকে সেযুগের শিক্ষাব্যবস্থাপনার অসম দিকটি আলোচিত হয়েছে প্রত্যক্ষভাবেই। প্রকৃত অর্থে এটি একটি অসমাপ্ত অধ্যয়ন ……

17-29

Authors: Dhanjit Pathak

The following research paper will explore the influence of consumer and the response of customer towards green marketing. The study will help to develop a trend for green marketing and will help to take decision for investing in green marketing projects to produce green products. Green-Marketing is a very vast topic with limited scope of research. The objective of the research is to analyze the response to green marketing and the influence for green marketing which helps to analyze whether green marketing should be adopted by the companies. The results of this research project (Green-marketing) shows that customers have a high level of involvement regarding environmental issues as a consequence of growing environmental consciousness. The study has shown the significant influence of environmental knowledge and consciousness on consumer environmental attitude. Consequently, companies that communicate their ‘green product’ in their packaging, advertisement or manufacturing process, gain satisfied customers. Because of the green trend, companies that fail to ‘go green’ are not failing to fail in their industry. Customers want to associate themselves with companies and products that are eco-friendly. Environmental Safety is not an easy task to implement. There is now a real sense that environmental protection is highly necessary. Everyone believes a green life is a better and healthier life for present and future generation. Most consumers’ spending pattern shows that they have a desire for brands that ‘go green’. Consumers not only want to buy their products but are willing to pay more for it. Consumers are motivated to buy from companies that are eco-friendly in the production.

01-21

Authors: Dr. Abhijit Gongopadhyay

As per opinion of modern researchers the story behind the partition of Bengal was massively political. The innocent Hindoo and Muslim of our country were grossly gravitated by the immoral objectives of some political leaders and communal provocations has made the ultimate blunder for our nation. The partion took place after independence in 1948 and after Bangladesh war in 1971 was not only the destruction of lives and resources from both part of Bengal but also a hard stroke against civilization, culture as well as our humanity. Partition literature from both part of Bengal in different time raised its voice based on some common interests like language, fraternity and human rights. Bengalee writers of East Bengal have perceived the maximum oppression of partition rather than the writers of West Bengal. From Tarasankarsankar Bandyopadhyay, Narayan Gangopadhyay, Samaresh Basu and others to Amar Mitra, Sayed Waliullah, Akhtaruzzaman Elius, Hasan Azizul Haque—every one showed the impact of partition differently in their writings. Reality, Experiences, Trama, Dreams and Memories related to the partition has been depicted in those novel and short stories in various wings. Cognition to next generation was also being recorded in this sphere.

27-36

Authors: Shubhasish Benarjee

Rabindranath Tagore's Creation in that field enriched my feelings time and again. The day I read 'Kabuliwala', I have been in love with multiligual characters. For the sake of earning livelihood the Bengalees scattcred themselves in various provinces as well as in various parts of the world. Consequently, it has its reflection in various branches of literature. It is not of today, this impact is clear since Rabindranath's days. In this context we need to say that the characters outside Bengal as well as non-Indians have not lost their identity in the gathering of Bengali speaking characters rather by the ingerous touch of the pen of Story writers. This type of characters enriehed the world of Bengali short stories and this process is still going on. Sometimes the story writers expressed the languages in Lucid Bengali and that did not creat any negative effect on the acceptability of the characters, rather their genuine appeal moved the Bengali readers. Since The British period when Kolkata, the then Calautta was the capital of India, we have been acquainted with the multilingual characters. We come across 'Kabuliwala', who may be called the first authentic multilingual character. Apart from 'Kabuliwala' mention may be made of ‘Dalia’, ‘Kshudita Pashan’ and ‘Laboratory’. The effect of gorgeousness has been increased by the cry of Meher Ali- ‘every thing is lie, be away’ and the episode of spirits likening those in the Arabian Nights. Sohini, a Punjabi girl in the short story ‘Laboratary’ is a powerful stair in modernism. Introduction of Dalia, a character of Nawab regime has expressed the talent of Tagore in a dynamic form.

46-62

Authors: Partha Sarathi Bose

The main objective of SHG (Self Help Group) is to irradicate the poverty and to develop the socio-economical condition of the people of grass root level. In general SHG is a small group of those peoples who are belongs to below poverty line.The another objective of SHG is womens’ empowerment besides this it helps to increase the ability of savings among the poor.It also the time to realize that how much the developmental plan like SHG will be helpful as well as fruitful and is applicable in our third world country like India because here one of the major problems is povert.So it is intended to evaluate the impact of SHG on the people those who are in the below poverty line.literally SHG is a scheme for the rural people but now it also being applicable in urban area as well.Many of them those who have joined SHG are able to develop their socioe-conomical condition through it.Now a days many research have been organized to evaluate and to explore the needs of SHG in our day to day life.How much its is helping,is It playing positive or negative role , these are the main concern of the researcher.Thease data will help to diffuse the developmental scheme like SHG.But it is true that we have to play crucial role to make this scheme successful.

69-90

Authors: Dr. R. Sorna Priya,Dr. M. Rifaya Meera,P. Vishwanath

India has more than 100 million internet users out of which one half opts for online purchases and the number is rising sharply every year. The growth in the number of online shoppers is greater than the growth in Internet users, indicating that more Internet users are becoming comfortable to shop online. The present article is an attempt that has been made to study the perception of college students towards online shopping stores at Sivakasi. In this study an attempt has been made perception on college students about online stores has been playing a vital role in these scenarios day to day activities in the mind of customers. Customer perception is typically affected in the way of broadly such as advertising, reviews, public relations, social media and personal experiences etc. Today we say that customers are mind blowing while go for an online shopping because the wide range of internet facilities in the world. Thus the validated questionnaire was used to collect data from 80 respondents. The researchers have adopted random convenient sampling technique to gather the data from in and around college students in Sivakasi area. The data are analyzed using the simple percentage analysis and chi-square tests. The result of this study reveals that customers are intake in the future online shopping in the way of intention for getting products through internet websites such as EBay, Flipkart etc.

103-110

Authors: Mohana Basu

The third largest organized crime after drugs and the arms trade all over the world is human trafficking. According to the definition of the United Nations– “trafficking is any activity leading to recruitment, transportation, harbouring or receipt of persons, by means of threat or use of force or a position of vulnerability”. Close to 80% of the human trafficking across the world is done for sexual exploitation and the rest is for bonded labour and India is considered as the hub of this crime in Asia. As per the statistics of the government–in every eight minutes a child goes missing in our country. In 2011 about 35,000 children were reported missing and more than 11,000 out of these were from West Bengal. Further, it is assumed that only 30% of the total cases are reported, so the actual number is pretty high. In this paper an attempt has been made to uncover the sides of juvenile trafficking which is major type of human trafficking in Kolkata.

119-124

Authors: Abhishek Kr Singh,Dr. Manoj Kr Singh

Advertising is the means by which on party attempts to convince or entice another into purchasing a particular product or services. It means advertising play a very crucial role in shaping the attitude of consumers and framing public opinion and it is a well know fact that the public opinion is always influenced the social-ethical aspects of advertising, the marketers and the public policy makers should take different stances on how advertising should be treated. The study has analyzed in detail the public response to the issues like: Children behavioural changes in Advertising’, ‘Use of Sex in Advertisements’, ‘Promotion of Materialism through Advertising’, ‘Use of Comparative Advertising’, ‘Ethics in Adver-tising’ and ‘Public Policy on Advertising’. The population for the study comprised a sample of 250 respondents from Delhi-NCR (including 100 from the NCR region of Delhi), Based upon the opinions and beliefs of the public, as revealed by the study; suggestions have been made to the advertisers and the public policy makers. The methodology used in the research work is convenience sampling. The data has been collected personally with the help of a well structured and non-disguised questionnaire.

131-138

Authors: Kaushik Bhakta,Nabanita Dutta

Today the changes brought about by new technology had a significant effect on the life of people living in every corner of the globe. Traditional process of teaching and learning in education has been replaced by new and emerging technologies. Information Technology is having a major impact on all areas of education- curriculum, methods of teaching, classroom learning etc. Rapid communication with increased access of Information Technology (IT) in home, work place and educational institutions has make education a life-long process. Information technology helps in promoting opportunities of knowledge sharing throughout the world. These can help teachers and students in gaining up-to-date information and knowledge. For effective teaching and learning right information is necessary. Information technology is a set of tools that can help the right people with the right information at the right time. This paper highlights the importance of IT in educational sector, impact of IT on classroom teaching, advantages and disadvantages of IT.

148-154

Authors: Nirada Baro

The Bodo community of Assam is the largest group among the plain tribes of Assam. The Bodos or the Bodo-Kacharis constitute a very important section of the different ethnic groups and races settling in Assam with their distinctive cultural and linguistic traits. The paper tries to explore about the traditional arts and crafts of the Bodo tribes and highlights the tradition and change of the arts and crafts of the Bodo tribes. The Bodos are very rich in their traditional arts and crafts. It is said that, India has received the technique of weaving and embroidery from Indo-Mongoloid. In Assam, the Bodos were decidedly the pioneers in this respect. The weaving culture is significant art of the Bodo community. The Bodos are expert too in bamboo crafts. They made almost all articles required for their daily use in the society. The Bodos are maintaining their traditional artistic creativity by following some methods. There are different methods has been used in arts and crafts of them. In the crafts also they make different designs and shapes. As the develop Science and technology has spread in all over the world, the Bodos are also influenced by it.

1-11

Authors: Samiran Nandal

This article traces the literary and dramatic significance of playwright Mohit Chattopadhyay in the context of the historical development of modern Bengali theater. With reference to a number of his plays, the article aims to critically discuss the specific features of his plays and how it was shaped by socio-economic conditions. Given the realities of the established theatrical productions in Bengal, the plays by Mohit Chattopadhyay become a potent site of contestation between traditional narratives, aesthetic, and specific ideologies and agendas. There are very few parallel features that survive in the context of postcolonial Indian theatre, whose defining characteristics include a widespread interest in intercultural experimentation and political engagement. This paper would present the argument about the interplay of diverse cultural and political forces through a detailed analysis of the plays by Mohit Chattopadhyay, performed by different group theater troupes. His plays grapple with ongoing political, social, and philosophical issues and at the same time blend the contemporary with the historic, the indigenous with the foreign. The objective is to trace back the growth of his plays to the interaction of different cultures, narrative techniques and different political imperatives that shaped the modem Bengali theatre, outlining the rough contours of postcolonial India's socio-political history. Such a study will introduce to a broader audience the leading attributes of Mohit Chattopadhyay, his influential role in the resistance against traditional theater performances, and the considerable achievement of his literary and dramatic techniques.

20-26

Authors: Pirupada Malik

Rivers are an inseparable entity of nature. They represent the mobility of life. A river cannot be confined into a small area of land. Rather an area of land is often dominated by various rivers. Geographically, the history of the transformation of land in Bengal is completely ruled by rivers. Not only Bengal, but our whole country is also favoured by innumerable rivers. Many rivers flow through West Bengal and Bangladesh and those very rivers have made their room in Bengali Literature. In the era of early significant Bengali novels the rivers seemed to be the leading factor, yet they cannot be called river-centric novels. In this essay an effort has been made to highlight the variegated influence of rivers on Bengali novels from the early stage. The role of rivers in the novels of PyariChand Mitra (‘Alaler Gharer Dulal’), Bankimchandra, Kaliprasanna Singha, Mir Mosaraf Hossain, Haraprasad Sastri, Rabindranath and Saratchandra has been discussed chronologically up to 1935 since ‘Padmanadir Majhi’ (1936) is considered to be the first significant river- centric Bengali novel. In all the novels of Bankimchandra except ‘Durgesnandini’ there are references of rivers. In Tagore’s novels such as ‘Chokher Bali’, ‘Gora’, ‘Chaturanga’, ‘Noukadubi’ symbolic expression of rivers can be noted. In ‘Kanchanmala’ of Haraprasad Sastri there is vivid description of the river Sarayu. In ‘Srikanta’ (Volume–1) Saratchandra depicted the river Ganga with all its splendor of beauty.

35-43

Authors: Subrata Haldar

A concept of self-realization was remaining half past in the life of Rabindranath because we can find him with newer period and time. The thirsty human soul had been changing and modifying him by editing and composing new chapters of literature. He is exceptional soul, being ordinary a man that can be known by the hand of the mature and immature deaths of his contemporary familiar or unknown men. World famous poet, he was familiarized with the word death in his long time life (1861-1941). Nobody except him is not known as much as him about the mournful death in their live hood. Time by time he had been losing his intermitted familiar persons, such as wife, sons, friends even his only grand-son. He made console himself even though. Death is the eternal silence among us while death is rebirth in the mind, memory and creativity toward him. He represents the death in various formations in his literature but the deep – grief remains unknown towards the readers. He learns as to overcome the depression of death. According to him death is the freedom of life. It can be applied in life by losing of blood. He achieved the way of the death, hence he learns as the eternal idealism toward us with the association of soul.

48-55

Authors: Dr. Rakesh Chandra Joshi

T.S. Eliot, as a literary critic, was profoundly influenced by the symbolists after he read Arthur Symons' book The Symbolist Movement in Literature (1899), an introduction to the French literature. He himself acknowledged afterwards that it was through the study of this book that he got familiar with such great symbolists, like, Verlaine, Rimbaud, Jules Laforgue, and Tristan Corbière. He, as a poet, was influenced by Laforgue in the matter of style, content, and technique, whereas, his spirit was greatly influenced by Baudelaire. He was so much influenced by the critical abilities of Remy de Gourmont that he went to the extent of saying that “perhaps Remy de Gourmont had most of the general intelligence of Aristotle”. So, it is apparent that Eliot was profoundly influenced by the symbolists and later on, he derived most of his ideas and concepts from them, especially, from the study of Laforgue. Eliot is so much influenced by the symbolists that he derives most from them—the ideas, the characters, the situations, the moods, the phrases, and even the titles of his works. He is influenced by Laforgue’s methods, style, and viewpoints. The term ‘objective correlative’ itself has the echo of symbolism. He draws symbols from the background of literary tradition. His symbols are prosaic, poetic, grand, material, abstract, metaphysical, and spiritual. The terseness of his phrases is completely found to be in the manner of Laforgue. This paper attempts to establish that Eliot formulated the concepts of ‘objective correlative’ and ‘dissociation of sensibility’ under the influence of the French symbolists. Metaphysical Poetry also influenced his writings. The paper also reiterates that some of Eliot’s critical concepts were not original.

64-69

Authors: Smt. Tapasi Sinha

The nature and success of any democratic system largely depends upon the extent to which equal and effective participation is provided to all irrespective of gender, color, caste, religion, race, language etc. Since, women constitute nearly half of the total population their equal participation in all spheres of life including politics is very important. This is because such participation will enable them to be a part in the decision making process which, in turn, will help in their development as well as empowerment. Moreover, since politics is a game of power and power being the deciding factor in moulding relations in society, women’s role in politics and their participation is vital not only to seek solution to their problems, but also to their position in, and contribution to, society. In the recent decades though there has been growing acceptance and recognition of women’s role in politics, a total change is yet to be noticed. In India, after the independence, despite various constitutional measures the participation and representation of women in the Parliament and State Legislatures is abysmally low. This low participation is worrisome as it is against the achievement of our democratic ideals. Against the background of women’s position vis-à-vis political participation and representation, the present paper based on primary and secondary resources tries to explore the extent of political participation and representation of women in south Assam (Barak Valley) with reference to recent Assam Assembly election 2016.