International Journal of Integrative Medical Sciences

242-247

Authors: Shaik Hussain Saheb, Desai SD, Kusal K Das, Haseena S.

Introduction: Malondialdehyde (MDA) cause toxic stress in cells and form covalent protein and its used as a biomarker to measure the level of oxidative stress. There is opposite mechanism which control the flux of reactive oxygen species (ROS) called as antioxidant system, which includes both enzymatic andnon-enzymatic components. The important enzyme of this system is superoxide dismutase (SOD). The black cumin or Nigella Sativaseeds are used in traditional medicine of different countries. Thymoquinone is major bioactive component of nigellasativa seed and it is the cause of therapeutic property of Nigella sativa seed. The present study is conducted to see the effect of Nigella Sativa seed powder and Thymoquinone on Serum MDA and SOD levels in normal and Streptozotocine Induced Diabetic Rats. Materials and Methods: 36 rats were selected for this study and divided in to 6 groups each contains 6 rats, one group served as normal control, one group served as normal rats received the nigella sativa seed powder(300mg/Kg BW), one groups served as normal rats received the Thymoquinone(4mg/kg BW), one group served as Streptozotocine(50mg/kg BW) induced diabetic control rats, one group served as diabetic rats received the nigella sativa seed powder(300mg/Kg BW) and one groups served as diabetic rats received the Thymoquinone(4mg/kg BW). Results: There is no change in MDA and SOD levels in normal rats treated with nigella sativa seed powder and thymoqinone. The levels of MDA are increased significantly in diabetic rats compared with normal rats, when the diabetic groups treated with nigella sativa seed powder and thymoqinone the MDA levels are decreased significantly(p<0.05). The levels of SOD are decreased significantly in diabetic rats compared with normal rats, when the diabetic groups treated with nigella sativa seed powder and thymoqinone the SOD levels are increased significantly. Conclusion: The results of these study concluding that nigella sativa seed powder and thymoquinone has having antioxidant effect in diabetic rats which lowering the MDA levels and increasing the SOD levels in streptozotocine induced diabetic rats. KEY WORDS: MDA, SOD, Nigella Sativa seed, Antioxidant. Thymoquinone.

253-256

Authors: Rajoor UG, Mahabalshetti AD, Dhananjaya M.

Background and objectives: Mucormycosis is a relatively rare opportunistic fungal infection. It is one of the devastating infections of immunocompromised host. Though several studies were done in India and elsewhere on Mucormycosis, it has not been extensively studied of late. The objective of the study is to study the clinical profile of Mucormycosis in the northern part of Karnataka. Materials and Methods: Our series compromised of 14 cases seen over a period of 5 years. Detailed history, clinical examination, laboratory investigations were carried out in all the cases. Results: The study group consisted of 10 males and 4 females aged 20 – 70 years (mean 50 years). Most of the patients in the study group had evident blackish nasal eschar and sinus disease. Cultures were positive for Mucorales in 08 cases. 11 patients were treated with amphotericin B in the doses ranging from 0.5 – 1.0 mg/kg up to a total of 2.6 grams, and duration of the treatment varied from 1 – 31 days. Conclusions: Mucormycosis is a rare opportunistic fungal infection with rapidly progressive and fulminant course with often fatal outcome. A strong suspicion, prompt diagnosis with pathological confirmation and aggressive surgical treatment gives a better outcome. KEY WORDS: Mucormycosis, Fungal, Amphotericin.

229-231

Authors: Seyyed Amir Yasin Ahmadi, Pary Sadat Ahmadi, Majid Tavafi, Afshin hasanvand.

Variety of immune factors such as interleukins are involved with nephrotic syndrome. Circulating permeability factors also might be effective. But among them there is a controversy about the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) that seems to have paradoxical effects on diabetic nephropathy and nephrotic syndrome. We want to announce that we have significant increasing of VEGF rate in diabetic nephropathy and in nephrotic syndrome we have increasing in VEGF rate but not significant. Our hypothesis is that this increasing of VEGF is not the reason of nephrotic syndrome; rather, it might be a compensatory regulation to repair endothelial injury. KEY WORDS: Nephrotic Syndrome, Diabetic Nephropathy, VEGF.

211-215

Authors: Suresh Kumar. P. Nair, Zelalem .T. L, Tsehayneh. K, Mehidi. K, Vidhya Ramaswamy V.

Background: Morbidity profile of parasitic diseases reflects the socioeconomic conditions of a population. This study was conducted to reveal the socio-economic status and prevalence of tungiasis in different villages of south and south western Ethiopia. Tungiasis is a parasitic skin disease caused by a flea called Tunga penetrans and is endemic in Latin American and Sub-Saharan African countries. Aim: To study the socioeconomic presentations and prevalence of tungiasis in rural and urban settings of different villages of Ethiopia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among randomly selected people, using a standard questionnaire with interview and clinical evaluation. The team visited the selected subjects and studied the socio-economic issues and affecting the prevalence of Tungiasis. Results: 2676 subjects were studied. Response rate was 100%. The prevalence of tungiasis was 15.15% in Jimma and 23.9% in Wolaita sodo. High prevalence of tungiasis could be significantly associated with the low income, poor housing and low standard living conditions and poor health care behavior of the population (p value <0.001). Conclusions: This study elicits the link between low socioeconomic conditions of the population with high prevalence of the disease in the communities studied. KEY WORDS: Tungiasis, Inflammation, Erythemic, Desquamation, Parasitic disease.

221-223

Authors: Sandeep. Naik, Santosh B. Chikaraddi, Pangi Ashok, Anurshetru Shivappa, Pavan P. Havaldar, Shaik Hussain Saheb.

Introduction: Contrast enhanced Magnetic Resonance(MR) angiography has been considered the gold standard for the investigation of obstructive arterial disease of lower limbs. The development of color flow doppler (CFD) ultrasonography has extended the scope of non-invasive assessment of lower limb arterial disease. Comparative study is undertaken for the diagnostic accuracy of color flow doppler with magnetic resonance angiography in detecting hemodynamically significant lesions in obstructive arterial disease of lower limbs. Materials and Methods: 30 clinically diagnosed patients of obstructive arterial disease of lower limbs evaluated with color flow doppler ultrasonography and contrast enhanced magnetic resonance angiography. Results: Sensitivity and specificity of CFD ultrasonography were 70-90% and 100% in different arterial segments respectively. Sensitivity and specificity of contrast enhanced magnetic resonance angiography were 90-95% and 100% in different arterial segments respectively. Conclusion: Obstructive arterial disease is more prevalent in males over 50 years. Color flow doppler ultrasonography has grown from an ancillary diagnostic aid to a critical component in non-invasive diagnostic work up for obstructive arterial disease of lower limbs, as initial investigation of choice compared to contrast enhanced MR angiography. KEY WORDS: Peripheral arterial occlusive disease, Color flow doppler, Magnetic resonance angiography.

157-162

Authors: Ashwin Kamath.

Teaching in pharmacology is predominantly lecture based. While practical sessions do include problem solving and case scenarios the teaching methodologies are inadequate in empowering the students to handle real life scenarios which require integration of theory and practice, application of knowledge and skills to find a viable solution to a defined problem. Use of elearning in such situations is still in its infancy in Indian medical colleges and thus provides a unique opportunity to improve the existing teaching and learning methods. This review will look into studies describing various forms of eLearning methodologies adopted for teaching pharmacology to health professionals as well as those which have tried to assess the effect of eLearning approach adopted in teaching pharmacology across the globe. KEY WORDS: eLearning, Pharmacology, teaching, Lectures, Teaching methodologies.