Russian Journal of Biological Research

3-9

Authors: Anton O. Manaenkov, Vladimir S. Bobrik

The article presents the results of soil assessment using a bioindicator – germination of oats in room conditions. The task included sowing seeds and monitoring the dynamics of plant growth and development. The work of a team of two people (“B” and “A”) was carried out on the territory of the Industry Agricultural Business Incubator, as well as at the home of each team member. As a result of the research, the following was noted. The shoots were unfriendly. Phytotoxicity coefficients showed that the cleanest point chosen for sampling was calculated to be the dirtiest of all. The seeds that grew best were those planted in the soil from the first (dirtiest) point; they had 100 % germination. As a result of seed germination, data was obtained that indicated that oats, with due attention, can grow equally in different soil conditions, perhaps this is due to the unpretentiousness of this plant or the insufficient distance between soil sampling points.

17-29

Authors: Talip Şahin, Ömer Kılıç, Turgut Taşkın

Turkey with a huge and rich variety of flora reserves lots of medical, aromatic and bioactive properties plants within its structure. In Turkey public medical science applications are encountered extensively and Turkey is one of the leading countries in the trade of medicinal and aromatic plants because of its geographical location, difference climate conditions, plant diversity and agricultural potential. As in whole world and in Turkey, use of plants existing in the natural flora for different purposes in traditional medicine; as spice, tea, insecticide, resin, veterinary cure, glue, essential oil, beverage, beekeeping, landscape and cosmetic industry. On the other hand, this important ethnobotanical knowledges are facing a danger of being lost by contemperary urbanisation and other negative factors. The local population has long utilized the taxa of the genus Sideritis L., as herbal tea and in traditional medicine. Most of Sideritis taxa have significant biological activity, the biological activities and traditional usage of the Sideritis taxa are far better understood in recent years but still needs attention. The majority of Sideritis taxa exhibit a variety of biological functions and are highly interesting for future research on their pharmacological characteristics and potential for pharmacy and medicine. In this study, it is aimed to review major essential oil compound, usage of traditional knowledge and biological activities of some Sideritis taxa in Turkey.

3-6

Authors: Iliyasu A.A Ibrahim, Muhammad Chindo, Faisal Al-Amin, Halilu Ibrahim Idris

The research was conducted to ascertain the hepatotoxic potentials of the leaves extract of Vernonia amygdalina on liver enzymes of apparently healthy albino rats. A total of sixteen (16) albino rats were clustered into four (4) groups of four (4) rats each designated as group A-D, Group A served as control while groups B, C and D were treated with 200mg/kg, 300 mg/kg, and 400 mg/kg aqueous leaves of extract of Vernonia amygdalina respectively for a period of two weeks. The liver enzymes were determined using spectrophotometric method. The results revealed a significant (P < 0.05) decrease in the activity of serum ALP of the rats treated with 400 mg/kg body weight of Vernonia amygdalina extract when compared with control rats. In conclusion, acute oral administration of aqeous extract of Vernonia amygdalina was found to be relatively safe at a low dosage. However, the extract at the dose of 400 mg/kg brought about alterations in the serum ALP activity.

16-26

Authors: Meryem Kök, Ömer Kiliç, Şınası Yıldırımlı

Ethnobotanic is a branch of botanic science that examines human-plant relationships, and it is one of the sciences that deals with the purposes of which people use plants and has attracted more attention in recent years. Recording of ethnobotanical information; it is important that this information is not lost in time, such as those concerned, relevant disciplines and national economy and cultural wealth. This work is a small review research some plants used as diuretic in Turkey. Besides sentetic diuretic drug used in Turkey, herbal methods still remain to be used. Because of some side effects of drugs, herbal medicines used commonly in Turkey and in the world. The fact that 75 % of natural compounds of herbal origin used in the treatment were discovered as a result of researching traditional folk remedies. For this reason traditional medicine apllications, researches and issues remains up-to-date as always. In this study, some plants (186 taxa) which were used as diuretic in traditional medicine of Turkey to contribute related studies. The main families according to the number of taxa are as follows; Asteraceae 21 taxa, Fabaceae 19 taxa, Rosaceae 18 taxa, Lamiaceae 13 taxa and others. In addition 42 plant taxa were detected from Çelikhan (Adıyaman-Turkey) provinces which have potential diuretic property.

36-47

Authors: Ibukun Olukorede Popoola, Oluwabukola Rashidat Popoola, Ibikunle Funso Olaleru, Ibukun Oluwatobi Busari, Femi Joshua Oluwadele, Oluwatobi Matthew Ojeniyi, Queenesther Tolu Alegbejo

The guarantee of a naturally stable thermal environment that will keep poultry birds within the zone of maximum comfort all year round in tropical and sub-tropical regions in the 21st century cannot be established. Therefore, it becomes necessary to look into stabilizing internal environment of vulnerable chicks, with the sole aim of re-exhibiting their masked potentials for fast growth and high yield. Crude protein (CP), though essential for growth and repair, dissipates more heat load than other nutrients during metabolism. Hence, it becomes imperative to investigate the effect of early endogenous thermal acclimatization on performance of heat-stressed broilers (HSB) at finisher phase. Using a total of 288, one day-old Arbor Acre broiler chicks, birds were randomly allotted to four dietary treatments (T1 – 21 % CP; T2 – 19 % CP; T3 – 17 % CP; and T4 – 15 % CP) at finisher phase with six replicate groups in a completely randomized design in order to evaluate the resultant effect of a 2 %, 4 % and 6 % reduction in dietary CP. Data were analysed using descriptive, ANOVA, regression and correlation statistics. Low crude protein diets improved performance of HSB at finisher phase. However, a 2 % dietary CP reduction (19 % CP) best enhanced performance of HSB at finisher phase. Some parameters that were supposed to strongly correlate were not as a result of the influence of early endogenous manipulation. Endogenous heat load reduction through dietary crude protein and electrolyte inter-play have resulted in a proportionate increase in feed intake, body weight gain, protein efficiency ratio and enhanced feed conversion ratio in HSB at finisher phase. The resultant effect of early endogenous thermal acclimatization on performance of heat-stressed broiler chickens at finisher phase has been beneficial.

3-7

Authors: Iliyasu A.A. Ibrahim, Faisal A. Al-amin, Shurahabil B. Ibrahim

This study was carried out to determine and compare the nutritional value of dried and processed tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum). Proximate analysis conducted on samples of dried tomatoes and processed tomatoes where moisture content, fat content, crude protein content, fibre content, and ash were determined. The analysis shows that, the processed tomatoes has high value composition of moisture content (12.00±0.05), crude protein content (2.60±0.01) and carbohydrate content (59.28±0.12) and it has less composition of ash content (12.00±0.02), fat content (2.0±0.06), fibre content (0.12±0.01) and energy (2.65±0.05) compared to the dried tomatoes with values of moisture content (20.00±0.13), ash content (14.00±0.08), protein content (1.68±0.02), fat content (5.00±0.12), fibre content (0.14±0.00) and energy (2.88±0.14). The study suggests the processed Lycopersicon esculentum is richer in nutrients than the dried Lycopersicon esculentum and recommended.

14-20

Authors: Zainab F. Mhmood, Sumaya S. Hashim, Dunya M. Ahmed

This present review aimed to focus on the lavender oil which used in alternative medicine for many centuries. Because of Lavandula species are highly aromatic plants and produce essential oils wich composition varies within the same species and among different species. The oil contains hundreds of chemical compounds and the major compounds such as linalool, linalyl acetate, β-ocimene, terpinen-4-ol, lavandulyl acetate and more others act on many chronic and degenerative illnesses, such as cancer autoimmune disorders, cardiovascular, rheumatoid arthritis, and neurodegenerative diseases. The secondary metabolites found in this plant have high antioxidant activity, important antimicrobial agents, several microorganisms, have activity against many fungal species, antiproliferative activity, anti-inflammatory activity, pain relief effect, wound healing effect and recognized as an antiseptic and insecticide agent. Also used as an ingredient in bath salts and washing agents as well as commercial cosmetic products: hair shampoo, cosmetic and bath products

3-7

Authors: Magda D. Davitashvili, Lamara D. Zuroshvili, Gela S. Azikuri

The relation of tubercle (Rhizobium trifoli, Rhizobium arachis, Rhizobium meliloti, Rhizobium phaseoli, Rhizobium lupini, Rhizobium leguminosarum) and rhizosphere microorganisms of legumes to some phytopathogenic bacteria (Pseudomonas tumefaciens, Corynebacterium michiganense, Pectobacterium carotovora, Pectobacterium aroidea, Xanthomonas vesicatoria, Pectobacterium phytophtorum, Xanthomonas campestris, Pseudomonas syringae) has been studied. Tubercle bacteria were found to reveal strong antagonistic properties, whereas rhizosphere microorganisms – medium.

16-21

Authors: G.M. Raimova, M.K. Musaeva, N.N. Khoshimov, N.L. Vypova, K.E. Nasirov

A study was carried out to identify a new structural fragment of coumarins from moldy clover (CMC) and to study the anticoagulant and toxicological characteristics. The quantitative and qualitative composition of the coumarin mixture was studied using spectrophotometry, fluorescence analysis and high-performance liquid chromatography. Coumarins and coumarinic acids were identified by absorption spectra and retention time in comparison with standard samples. The specificity of the method of direct spectrophotometry was assessed from the absorption spectra of clover grass extracts, the standard solution of coumarin solutions of model coumarin mixtures. The general orientation of the change in the clotting process under the action of drugs was judged by the records of a thromboelastogram performed on a thromboelastography (Tromb-2). The obtained fluorescence spectra as a function of the concentration of the extract showed a linear dependence of their intensity on the concentration, which made it possible to estimate the quantitative content of coumarins in CMC. The results show that the CMC really refers to the anticoagulants of indirect action, since the maximum CMC effect is manifested after 24 hours and is associated with a decrease in the content of procoagulants. By the effectiveness CMC is similar to the drug curantyl.

3-5

Authors: M. Chindo, I.A.A. Ibrahim

The evaluation of some chemical properties and mineral composition (proximate chemical analysis) of Baobab leaves (Adansonia digita) collected from Muda Lawal market were analyzed at the soil science laboratory of Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi using flame photometric and atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The results showed that the concentration of crude protein ranged from 1.44-1.63 with CV of 5.7 % and that of crude fibre range from 0.81-0.97 and CV 12.7 %. The chemical composition showed that ash ranged from 1.48-1.65 with CV of 7.7; Ca from 2.51-2.63 with CV 3.91 %; K from 0.71-0.19 with CV of 7.86 % and Na from 007-0.08 with CV 9.42 %. Based on the results obtained there were no significance (p= 0.05) difference between the powdered and dried leaves, since all the parameters observed had coefficient of variation less than 15 %. Therefore, people can consume any of the two forms of baobab leaves.

10-15

Authors: I.A.A. Ibrahim, M. Chindo

Research was conducted to study the effect of Magnifera indica dried leaves on two important biochemical indices of the liver, (AST and ALT). Portion of the fractions each was subjected to phytochemical screening for the presence of secondary metabolites including, flavonoids, saponins, tannins and steroids/triterpenes and alkaloids using standard procedures (Silver et al., 1998). A total of 8 rabbits containing four young and four adult rabbits of either sex (2kg) were used for the study. The test animals were divided into four groups of two rabbits each (containing a mixture of one young and one adult rabbit each). T1 serves as the control, T2, T3 and T4 serving as the test groups. The extract was administered orally to the test groups (T2, T3 and T4) orally and distilled water (placebo) was administered orally to the control group (T1). The dosage of administration sustained was 200ml/kg daily in divided doses for a month. The ALT & AST test procedure was conducted using RANDOX reagent according to the manufacturer’s instruction. Results of preliminary phytochemical of the ethanol (EE) leaf extract of M. indica revealed the presence of all the constituent tested including alkaloids, flavonoids, anthraquinones, saponins, steroids, triterpenes, tannins except carbohydrates and glycosides. The aqueous extract (AE) revealed the presence of all the constituents except steroids, triterpenes, anthraquinones, tannins, carbohydrates and glycosides. The results obtained for alanine amino transferases (ALT) and aspartate amino transferases (AST) were found to be within the normal range of 10-45V/L for ALT and 10-120V/L for AST. The packed cell volume (PCV) and hemoglobin concentration were the only heamatological parameters tested. According to the result obtained in the analysis, there was a slight variation between the PCV and Hb concentration in the test animal and the control . Hence, the extract has no adverse effect on the circulating red blood cell as well as the Hb concentration but rather brings about the slight increase in the production of red blood cell as well as the Hb concentration. This may be attributed to the presence of active constituent that promote red cell production in the plant extracts.

20-26

Authors: Tea Mchedluri, Nino Makharoblidze

The river Khrami, a right tributary of the Kura river, has vital importance for Kvemo Kartli region. The river Khrami irrigates thousand hectares of arable land and is used as drinking water in the villages. That is why, it is very important to maintain its ecological relevance. Based on the monitoring data from 2016-2017, it can be concluded, the ecological condition of the river Khrami is highly affected by one of its tributaries – the Mashavera river. The Mashavera river flows in the vicinity of mining quarries. The water of the river Khrami is of hydrocarbonate – type, high in calcium. The nitrogen level and biological oxygen consumption do not exceed the permissible limit. The soluble forms of the heavy metals change but their concentration do not exceed the permissible limit which is conditioned due to the high pH of the river water, which hydrolyzes heavy metals and their main part precipitates on the bottom and the rest is sorbed on floating debris. The anthropogenic substances in the riverThe anthropogenic substances in the river Khrami, are transformed into non-toxic admixtures due to chemical, physical-chemical and biological processes. Organic and biogenic substances are oxygenated or consumed by life forms. Due to this or the process, called self-purification, the ecological condition of the river is satisfactory.