INMATEH - Agricultural Engineering

9-18

Authors: Zhang, HongJian; Xu, ChunBao; Liu, ShuangXi; Jiang, Hao; Liu, Xuemei; Wang, JinXing

In order to improve the fertilization uniformity and stability of the orchard double row ditching-fertilizing machine, the design was optimized. Firstly, the factors affecting the movement of the fertilizer particles were analysed in combination with the kinetic model of the fertilizer particles during the falling process. Secondly, the influence of each factor on the fertilization uniformity was analysed by single factor variance. Finally, the Box-Behnken central composite method was used to establish a mathematical model of fertilization uniformity of the orchard double row ditching-fertilizing machine, and regression statistical variance, response surface, and contour lines were used to analyse the influence of each mechanism parameter on the fertilization uniformity. The test results show that: when the test parameters of the conveyer belt speed is within 165~235 r·min-1, the advancing velocity is within 0.8~1.2 m·s-1, and the guide plate angle is changed within the range of 15~45°, the degree of influence of each factor on the fertilization uniformity from high to low is the conveyer belt speed, advancing velocity, the angle of the guide plate, and the conveyer belt speed; when the conveyer belt speed is 214 r·min-1, advancing velocity is 1 m·s-1, and the angle of the guide plate is 37°, the fertilizer coverage reaches 100%, and the fertilization uniformity is increased from 86.31% to 90.73%, and the fertilization stability is improved. The research results provide a theoretical basis for the design and optimization of orchard ditching-fertilizing machine.

29-38

Authors: Jing, Xue; Pei, Wu; He, Su; Yongan, Zhang; Haijun, Zhang;

Based on the split-stream rushing principle and multi-unit coupling theory, a new type of coupled muffler for diesel engine was designed, and the experimental study on the acoustic performance and exhaust resistance performance was completed. The results show that the growth rate of insertion loss of the coupled muffler within 200Hz is 34.01% compared to the original muffler. The average fuel consumption reduction rate of the diesel engine with the coupled muffler is 19.16% lower than that of the original muffler. Therefore, the coupled muffler can achieve the comprehensive goal of good acoustic performance and low exhaust resistance.

49-54

Authors: Morozov, Nikolai Mikhailovich; Tsoy, Leonid Maksimovich; Rasskazov, Aleksander Nikolaevich

A set of equipment for an innovative keeping system based on the modern technical means using is presented. The set of equipment includes a machine for weaning piglets’ keeping, a vibrating feed distributor and a self-feeder. The small-group weaning holding, piglets’ nest-building behavior technology justification is given, and a new type of feed distributor and self-feeding device developing expediency is shown. The experimental studies materials of a new (vibrating) feed distributor using are presented, its efficiency and sufficient performance are confirmed. The calculated economic efficiency of the developed feed distributor is given.

69-78

Authors: Tai, Jianjian; Li, Haitao; Du, Yuefeng; Mao, Enrong; Guan, Yunyi; Long, Xinjiani

In the design of corn combine harvester, there is a high demand for customization and diversification in China. Aiming at the problems of backward design method, lack of design knowledge and long product development cycle, the discrete beam method is used to establish the corn plant model. The model of sub-device and the vertical and horizontal roller picking device is established by using UG, and the virtual prototype model is established by using ADAMS software. Meanwhile, the simulation experiments on the kinematics and dynamics performance of the separating device, the corn plant and the picking roller are carried out, and the simulation results are verified by field experiments. Through this method, the design parameters of the separating device and the picking roller are serialized, the method of evaluating the separating performance and the picking performance is provided, and the development and design cycle is shortened, which provides certain reference and theoretical basis for the development and design of the corn harvester header.

89-98

Authors: Xie, ShouYong; Zhao, Hang; Yang, ShangHong; Xie, QiuJu; Yang, MingJin

Machine quality, mowing efficiency and work reliability of lawn mowers are main issues concerned in hilly and mountainous regions. Taking a rotary lawn mower of single-disc type as research object, structure and parameter design of the mower was defined according to empirical formula, performance of grass cutting and modal analysis of the cutting blades were conducted by means of EDEM and Creo, and field test was conducted to verify the overall performance of the machine. Results showed that symmetrically installed 2 cutting blades with revolution speed 3500 r/min and forward speed 1.4 m/s showed good performance of grass cutting and stability. The velocity of grass particles of cut grass was mostly in the range of 1.1-1.5 m/s, and the velocity of broken grass was stable, which proved good harvest and gathering of grass. The height of remained stubbles was about 50 mm, and the length of cut grass was distributed in the range of 30-60 mm, which met requirements of forage production.

107-114

Authors: Ivanovs, S.; Bulgakov, V.; Kuvachоv, V.; Kaletnik, H.; Shymko, L.; Ihnatiev, Y.

The article exposes the results of the mathematical simulation of the agricultural bridge equipment functioning. The mathematical models describing the functioning of the agricultural bridge equipment were checked for adequacy by comparing the theoretical and experimental amplitude-frequency characteristics of the oscillations of its heading angle and lateral displacement. It was established by the result of investigated characteristics’ quantitative assessment that a satisfactory coincidence of the theoretical and experimental results, as well as a positive result of checking the adequacy of the mathematical models of the vertical and the horizontal oscillations of the agricultural equipment indicate a possibility of their further use for solving scientific and practical problems.

125-132

Authors: Zheng, Jizhou; Han, Xiang; Guo, Haoran; Hou, Jialin; Xue, Xinyu

The stability of the boom system of sprayers is easily affected by the liquid sloshing force and the uniformity of droplet deposition deteriorates. Therefore, the liquid sloshing forces in the rectangular tank were measured through experiments. Three main factors affecting the sloshing forces were examined. Experimental results reveal that the sloshing forces measured fit well with the theoretical curve and the maximum sloshing force is independent of the excitation amplitude for a violent sloshing. Based on these characteristics, a practical method was proposed which can approximately calculate the maximum sloshing force based on the linear model, and can be used for the sprayer chassis design and active and passive control of boom attitude.

147-154

Authors: Wang, Lijuan; Yan, Jianguo; Xie, Shengshi; Wang, Chunguang

Measuring and analysing the roughness of agricultural field and road have great significance for studying the characteristics of tractor dynamic response. This study was designed to analyse and compare the roughness characteristics of agricultural field and asphalt road profiles. A profiling apparatus was developed to measure field and road surface profiles of parallel tracks. The profile measurements were conducted in a grass field, a corn stubble field, a harvested potato field and on an asphalt road. The root mean square value and two spectrum parameters of surface profiles were calculated and analysed to investigate the roughness characteristics of fields and asphalt road. The results of the study indicate that for the values of the agricultural field and asphalt road surface roughness, waviness and roughness index are both positive associated with the root mean square value. Most of the waviness values of all measured field profiles were less than 2 with the average of 1.8, while the waviness values of all measured asphalt road profiles were greater than 2 with the average of 2.08. The roughness of both field and asphalt road profiles can be distinguished by the power spectral density fitting method. However, it has better performance in characterizing asphalt road profiles than characterizing field profiles with the power spectral density fitting method.

165-172

Authors: Bekana, D.L.; Kolev, Z.D.; Kadirova, S.Y.; Nenov, T.R.; Kadikyanov, G.P.

This paper presents investigation of some operational parameters of coatings for rebuilding, deposited on worn-out cast-iron parts of self-propelled agricultural machines. The coatings have been realized by applying a combined technology comprising deposition of electrochemical coating of non-ferrous metal and subsequently deposition of welding coating. The parameters for deposition of the electrochemical coatings and the parameters for deposition of the welding coatings have been presented. The results of the investigation of the following coatings’ operational parameters are presented: removed material in friction process, friction torque, micro-hardness and roughness. Based on the results obtained, the relative wear resistance of the coatings has been calculated.

181-190

Authors: Qun, Ren

With the development of agricultural automation, applying intelligent algorithms to the navigation control of agricultural work vehicles has important practical significance for improving vehicle navigation accuracy and operation efficiency. In view of the complexity of the agricultural greenhouse environment, this study proposed a fuzzy PID path tracking algorithm based on the traditional vehicle PID control system. This algorithm uses a fuzzy controller to improve the PID control system, thereby realizing the online setting of PID control parameters. In order to verify the effectiveness of the fuzzy PID path tracking algorithm, the improved control system was applied to the tracked vehicle robot of Beijing Forestry University, and the operation performance of the vehicle robot was tested. The research results show that the absolute error rate of vehicle robot distance measurement is less than 1%; the error of the man-machine follow-up test is between 4 and 7 cm, and the measured follow-up distance is slightly less than the safe follow-up distance; the maximum error of the vehicle's fixed-point parking is 0.3 cm; The linear position tracking control has a lateral position deviation of ±3cm, and the vehicle's linear driving control and steering effects are better. The fuzzy PID path tracking algorithm designed this time shows good control performance, which has reference significance for the practical application of agricultural robots.

201-210

Authors: Wang, Long; Wang, Xufeng; Hu, Can; He, Xiaowei; Guo, Wensong; Hou, Shulin

The purpose of this research was to study heat and moisture retention and breaking force properties of different plastic mulches. The field experiments with different plastic mulches were carried. The results showed that, the fracture strength and the right-angle tear strength of reinforced mulch are superior to those of weather-resistant mulch and ordinary mulch. The soil moisture, humidity and daily mean temperature under plastic mulches were affected by the laying time at a 1% probability level. It was also found that the variety had no significant effect on daily mean temperature under plastic mulches. A strong correlation was found between breaking force and the laying time of plastic film. A multiple linear regression model was developed to determine the relationship between the heat and moisture retention properties and breaking force. The R2 values of three plastic mulch varieties regression model were 0.904, 0.913 and 0.931. The breaking force of reinforced mulch and weather-resistant mulch indicates that plastic mulch recovery should be conducted after autumn, before it is too weakened by exposure.

219-228

Authors: Hou, Zhongkun

With the development of information technology, precision agriculture has also ushered in new development prospects. The use of farm robots to accurately identify the navigation path is of great significance for achieving accurate positioning of agriculture. In this study, when analysing the extraction algorithm of farm robot visual navigation based on dark primary colours, a method for pre-processing and edge detection of farmland images based on dark primary colours is proposed. At the same time, the least square method of linear fitting is used for the navigation path of agricultural robot, and then the fitting program is executed. On this basis, combined with the actual situation of outdoor farming and greenhouse cultivation of crops, the effectiveness of the robotic visual navigation extraction algorithm was verified. The research results show that for any form of farmland cultivation, image extraction technology based on dark primary colours can effectively distinguish between soil and crops, and the visual navigation path of farm robots fitted with least squares is basically linear, which is consistent with the commonly used crops for farm planting. The legal route is basically the same, and then the effectiveness of the extraction algorithm is verified. It is hoped that this study will provide a certain reference and reference for the analysis of the field navigation robot visual navigation extraction algorithm based on dark primary colours.

239-248

Authors: Zhou, Kai; Meng, Zhiwei; Wei, Min; Hou, Jialin; Jin, Tianguo; Li, Tianhua

In order to improve the effective sunshine time, heat storage capacity and temperature distribution uniformity of traditional arch shed under low temperature, this paper designed a large-span arch shed which has larger sunny side span and east-west orientation. According to the numerical and measured data, it is concluded that the heat storage capacity and temperature distribution of asymmetrical arch shed are better than those of symmetrical arch shed within a certain range of the ratio between sunny and shaded side. After that, ten different asymmetric arch sheds were designed. It is concluded that the structure of 11+9 m along north-south direction has the best heat storage capacity. Besides that, the analysis of outside wind speed and opening size of top vent were carried out. It is found that the outside wind and top vent can effectively promote convection and exchange of the air, and then achieve the purpose of reducing the temperature. At the end of this paper, in order to identify the relationship of temperature with the structure of arch shed, outside wind speed, and opening size of top vent, a mathematical model was built based on response surface methodology, which would provide theoretical guidance for the design of arch sheds

259-268

Authors: Li, Qinlan

The key to the design of the ground air dual-purpose agricultural information acquisition robot is the application of machine vision technology to realize the collection of crop growth state information. This research mainly designs the machine vision system of the ground air dual-purpose agricultural information acquisition robot, including hardware, software and image processing algorithm. The machine vision system designed in this paper can effectively complete the collection of crop status information. In order to verify the effectiveness of machine vision system, blueberry was used as the experimental object. The control group was set up indoor and outdoor, the fruit condition and quality information were detected, and the blueberry yield was estimated according to the test results. The experimental results show that the image segmentation algorithm in the vision system can identify blueberry fruit well, and the system has strong information analysis ability, and can accurately predict the quality and yield of blueberry fruit according to the image. It can be seen that the machine vision system has a good ability of information acquisition and recognition, which has a high reference significance for the design and research of the ground air dual-purpose agricultural information acquisition robot.

277-288

Authors: Peng, Fa; Liu, ShuangXi; Jiang, Hao; Liu, XueMei; Mu, JunLin; Wang, JinXing

In order to detect the soluble solids content of apples quickly and accurately, a portable apple soluble solids content detector based on USB2000 + micro spectrometer was developed. The instrument can communicate with computer terminal and mobile app through network port, Bluetooth and other ways, which can realize the rapid acquisition of apple spectral information. Firstly, the visible / near-infrared spectrum data and soluble solids content information of 160 apple samples were collected; secondly, the spectral data preprocessing methods were compared, and the results showed that the prediction model of sugar content based on partial least square (PLS) method after average smoothing preprocessing was accurate. The correlation coefficient (RP) and root mean square error (RMSEP) of the prediction model were 0.902 and 0.589° Brix, respectively. Finally, on the basis of average smoothing preprocessing, competitive adaptive reweighted sampling (CARS) and successive projections algorithm (SPA) were used to optimize the wavelength of spectral data, and PLS model was constructed based on the selected 17 characteristic wavelengths, which can increase the accuracy of soluble solids content prediction model, increase the RP to 0.912, and reduce RMSEP to 0.511 ° Brix. The portable visible / near infrared spectrum soluble solids prediction model based on the instrument and method has high accuracy, and the detector can quickly and accurately measure the soluble solids content of apple.

299-308

Authors: Hou, Zhanfeng; Yi, Qiu; Zhi, Chen; Lijie, Chen; Shao, Zhiwei

In order to improve the pelleting effect of Agropyron seeds, the pelleting experiment was conducted under different working parameters. In this paper, the discrete element simulation software EDED was used to establish the simulation model, and the influence of the vibration frequency of coater, the tilt angle of coater, and the rotational speed of coater on the movement trajectory of the Agropyron population were analysed. The simulation results show that the rotational speed is 40r/min, the tilt angle is 35° and the vibration frequency is 20 Hz, and the amplitude is 2 mm, the optimal trajectory of Agropyron population is obtained. The orthogonal experiment of 3 factors (vibration frequency of coater, rotational speed of coater, tilt angle of coater) and 5 levels were designed. The working parameters of pelleting Agropyron seeds were optimized by investigating the 4 indexes of compressive strength, seed rate, single seed rate and pelleting qualified rate. The results show that the vibration is the main factor affecting the compressive strength and single seed rate, the rotational speed is the main factor affecting the seed rate, and the inclination angle is the main factor affecting the pelleting rate. The optimal parameters are as follows: the rotational speed is 40r/min, the tilt angle is 35° and the vibration frequency is 20Hz.

317-324

Authors: Guo, Chengcheng; Li, Guohua; Zhang, Junchang; Jin, Xiunan; Xue, Jingfeng; He, Chenxi, Lu, Liquan

The cross-slot opener is a new type of seeding opener. The sweep angle, which is a key structural parameter of the cross knife, has an important influence on soil disturbance. In this paper, discrete element method and tracer method are used to study the conditions of working speed of 0.83m/s and ditching depth of 130mm, the sweep angles of the transverse knife are 0°, 10°, 20°, 30°, 40°, respectively. The influence of time opener on soil disturbance and working resistance. The simulation analysis of the operation process of the cross groove opener shows that the trenching process under different sweep angles of the transverse knife is basically the same, and the standing knife is the main cause of soil disturbance; both the tracer method and the simulation results show the surface and shallow soil particle disturbance. The proportional and horizontal working resistance first decrease and then increase with the increase of the sweep angle of the cross-slot opener. When the sweep angle of the cross-slot opener is 20°, the micro-disturbance of soil particles and the horizontal work resistance are the least; The relative error of the soil disturbance ratio obtained by the tracer method and the discrete element method are both within 15%, and the relative error of the horizontal working resistance is 6.5%. The established discrete element simulation model can more accurately simulate the soil disturbance process of the cross-slot opener.

333-340

Authors: Zhang, Zefeng

With the development of science and technology, the degree of agricultural mechanization is getting higher and higher. Agricultural machinery is an important support for the development of agricultural modernization. Optimizing the allocation of agricultural machinery is conducive to improving agricultural production efficiency and economic benefits. In this paper, mathematical modelling method is mainly used in the analysis and optimization of agricultural machinery configuration. By determining the objective function and constraint equation, combined with the actual situation of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, the linear programming model and workload model of agricultural machinery and equipment optimization are established. Finally, the actual number of agricultural machinery and equipment and the number of optimal allocations of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps farm were compared. The effectiveness of the optimization model is verified by comparing the optimized agricultural machinery equipment with the actual equipment. The results show that the optimized equipment model has good optimization effect. On the basis of reducing the number of agricultural machinery and equipment, the matching rate of agricultural machinery is improved, and the operation cost of agricultural machinery is effectively reduced. It is hoped that this study can provide certain reference and reference for the optimization analysis of agricultural machinery and equipment based on mathematical modelling.

351-360

Authors: Sun, Zhiquan; Yang, Zhou; Duan, Jieli; Li, Jun

Parts that come into contact with the soil are ones of the important energy consuming parts in tillage operations. In order to improve the research and development efficiency of tillage components, it is necessary to develop a performance test platform for tillage components with high interchangeability, convenience and comprehensive data collection. Therefore, a performance test platform for combined powered and passive tillage components was designed. Strength analysis and structural design optimization of key components was based on ANSYS. A real-time measurement and control software was developed based on LabVIEW platform. The related tests results show that the test platform can be used to simulate the actual condition and meet the test requirements.

369-378

Authors: Habasescu, Ion; Cerempei, Valerian; Molotcov, Iurii; Popa, Lucretia

The article presents the theoretical study and elaborates the calculation methodology of the technological and constructive parameters of the aerodynamic dryers: the saltation speed of the vegetal mass particles, the speed of the thermal agent flow, the length of the dryer pipes and the duration of the moist particles contact with the thermal agent. The comparative analysis of the aerodynamic dryers was performed: with direct and vortex flow. The advantages of vortex dryers, recommended for implementation in production, are theoretically argued. In the research of the developed conical shape dryer, it has been identified a phenomenon of vortex flow parameters self-regulation to the material to be dried inside the dryer, under the condition of varying the amount of material feeding the dryer, allowing automatic creation of optimal drying conditions, when the supply of raw material and/or its humidity were changed within the studied limits. It has been demonstrated the possibility to increase up to 12-15 times the duration of contact of the raw material particles with the thermal agent and, respectively, to reduce the overall dimensions of the developed vortex dryer, compared to the known ones, which have direct air flow.