International Journal of Environmental Science and Toxicology Research

Number Vol. 3(4), 2015

54-59
Pathogens identification and charactrization that compromised citrus fruit quality in selected orchards of Sargodha

Authors: Amber Khan, Shazia Iram and Anam Rasool

Abstract

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This study aims to identify and characterize the fungal and microbial pathogens from mandarin fruit of orchards of Sargodha district that are involved in quality degradation of citrus fruit. Sampling was done from orchards of Sargodha Punjab, Pakistan. Out of 57 samples 27 samples were selected from which pathogens were isolated on basis of symptoms of diseases. Potato dextrose agar (PDA) was used as medium for growth of pathogens. The purified cultures of fungal pathogens were then identified and characterized. The identified microbial pathogens include 13 different types of fungi that are Fusarium sp., Aspergillus sp., Penicillium sp., Curvuleria sp., Alternaria sp., Colletotrichum sp. Guignardia sp. and Diplodia sp. These pathogens are involved in stem end rot, green mold, blue mold; Fusarium rot, black rot, Post bloom fruit drop, Aspergillus rot, anthracnose and Alternaria brown spot diseases. So it is recommended on basis of present study to conduct further experiments of pathogenecity of these pathogens in future studies to find out the incidence, prevalence and severity of these diseases. Also these pathogens are need to be identified at specie level by using molecular method so that these diseases can be treated and controlled by adopting suitable methods.

60-65
The Effect of Aloe Vera Juice to Control the Physical, Chemical and Biological Parameters of Soils and Protect the Life of Earthworm

Authors: Rajesh Kumar Singh

Abstract

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Number of views: 317

Earthworm is life of soils. It regulates soils productivity, humidity and concentration of water, oxygen, minerals, temperature and pH. The life of earthworm is getting destroyed by application of artificial insecticides, pesticides, herbicides, fertilizers, various types of wastes and acid rain. These killer substances change physical, chemical and biological properties of soils and generate corrosive atmosphere for earthworm. These pollutants change the concentration of natural minerals which are present in soils by increasing the acidic character of soils. The acidic soils develop microbiological corrosion cell with earthworm and it oxidize carbohydrate, protein and fat into CO2, H2O, NH3, glycerol and organic acid. Corrosion reaction increases the temperatures of soils and finally kill earthworm. Heavy metals and gaseous pollutants come into soil by different medium which produce corrosive effect for earthworm. Pyrite ores of industrial area enter into soil to form acid and that acid is corroding earthworm. These foreign materials contaminate soil and reduce the fertility of soil. Aloe vera juice is applied to control the pH values of soils and protect the life of earthworm. The experimental work shows that Aloe vera has capability to control the physical, chemical and biological parameters of soils and it also enhances the fertility and productivity of soil and protects the life of earthworm by corrosive pollutants. For this work soil samples are taken from the coal area of Jhariya district (in Dhanbad), steel plant area Chas in Bokaro district, urban area of Chak Beyriya in district of Patna and village area of Fulwariy-Tajpur in district of Chapra.