International Invention Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences

Number Vol. 2(5), 2015

62-65
Esophageal perforation with fish bone: A case report

Authors: Pezhman Alavinejad1, 2*, Bijan Ahmadi2, Kambiz Akhavan rezayat3, Amir houshang bavarsad4

Abstract

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Number of views: 408

This is a 43 year old man with complain of massive hematemesis. The upper endoscopy identified esophageal penetration by fish bone at mid esophagus and the CT scan also showed a hematoma at mid esophagus. The endoscopy procedure terminated immediately and surgical consultation requested. While the patient was waiting for transfer to operating room, a catastrophic bleeding happens and the patient died.

66-72
Urinary tract infections and blood groups: Do they relate?

Authors: Diana Rocha1, Andreia Silva1, Amélia Pereira2, Ana Borges2, Élio Rodrigues2, Verónica Mendonça1, Nádia Osório1, Ana Valado1, Armando Caseiro1, António Gabriel1 and Fernando Mendes1*

Abstract

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Number of views: 395

The urinary tract is one of the most common places for the occurrence of bacterial infections, especially in women. Urinary infection can be defined as an infection of the urinary tract structures which occurs, generally, as a consequence of the presence or colonization of bacteria, like Escherichia coli (E.coli) and other Enterobacteriaceae. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relation between urinary tract infections (UTIs) and blood groups. The population of this study consisted of 307 patients (83 men and 224 women) from the District Hospital of Figueira da Foz, E.P.E. (HDFF, E.P.E.) and from the Coimbra Health School (ESTeSC) in Portugal. The AB0 blood groups were determined through a gel-test methodology. The microorganisms identification was made using the VITEK® 2 Compact equipment. In a total of 307 patients, the most common pathogen was E. coli with 48.4%, followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae, with 17%. Infection by E. coli was significantly more common in patients with A blood group phenotypes (p<0.0005). A statistically higher risk for developing urinary tract infections in women compared to males (p<0.001) was found. The results suggest that E. coli was the main pathogen causing urinary tract infections, and we found statistically significant association between A blood group phenotypes and this infection. These results might be useful for describing an individual’s risk for a higher predisposition in developing urinary tract infections. Keywords: Urinary tract infection; blood groups; Escherichia coli; Klebsiella sp.

73-79
Factors affecting the adoption of exclusive breastfeeding by mothers in Chelstone, Lusaka

Authors: *Chimuka Nchimunya1, Hikabasa Halwindi2, Mbewe Allan2, Hazemba Alice2, Kingford Chimfwembe3

Abstract

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Number of views: 464

Exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) is important in improving infant health. However, in spite of this knowledge among breast feeding mothers, it still remains rarely practiced in most countries, especially in low-income settings. According to studies adoption of EBF in Zambia stands at 46.7% for the whole country and out of this Lusaka province accounts for 57%. The objective of this study was to explore factors associated with low adoption of exclusive breastfeeding and specifically to, assess factors related to social–culture and economic. The study design was descriptive cross section which used both quantitative and qualitative method with its study site being Chelstone clinic urban in Lusaka district. This site was conveniently selected in order to enable mothers from high, medium and low density areas to attend. A random purposeful sampling procedure was used on all women that visited the clinic and met the selection criteria. Structured questionnaire was used to collect quantitative data from 309 respondents which were analyzed by using STATA 11. The findings from this study indicate that EBF is still low (52.1%) among breast feeding mothers in areas surrounding Chelstone clinic in Lusaka. The Chi-square tests showed that there was no association between EBF demographic and economic factors. However, EBF practice was strongly associated to spouses (<0.01), support mothers receives from other EBF mothers (<0.01), cultural practicing especially among the Bemba, Chewa, Kaonde, Lozi, Lunda, Luvale and Tonga speaking people of Zambia (0.014) and presence of neighborhoods practicing EBF (0.05). However, after adjusting for confounding, only spouse (<0.01) and EBF(<0.01) had a greater influence on the mother's ability to practice EBF. Keywords: Adoption, Economic Factors, Exclusive breastfeeding (EBF), Social Class, Socio-cultural factors.