International Invention Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences

5-11

Authors: Mohamed kassab 1(BDS, MS), Ahmed bakry 2 (BDS, MS, DDSc), Walid Samir Salem 3* (BDS, MS, MHPE, DDSc)

This study aimed to investigate the incidence of temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) among dental students in Aljouf University, KSA. The present study included 150 dental students divided into two groups: group I (88 participants; comprised of first and second year students), and group II (62 participants; comprised of third and fourth year students). Data about the signs and symptoms of TMD and the risk factors were collected using a printed pre-evaluation questionnaires and clinical examinations. The data was processed and analyzed using SPSS statistical software 12. A p- value of 0.05 or less was considered significant. From the pre-evaluated questionnaire, it was found that the students with TMDs (positive cases) were 31 students. The group I showed increased TMD incidence, 19 (61.3%), compared to group II 12 (38.7%). The most prevalent TMD among the students was MPD, which was diagnosed in 15 cases, comprising (58%) of the total positive cases. On the other hand, the most prevalent TMD signs and symptoms were TMJ sounds, para-functional habits, facial and jaw pain and pain in movement of the mandible. The most prevalent TMD clinical findings were clicking, impaired TMJ function, impaired range of mandibular movement and TMJ pain. The occlusion derangement was most common in the form of deep bite, crowding and irregularities between teeth. TMD revealed a high incidence among dental students in Aljouf University, KSA, which can be related to the role of stress and occulsal abnormalities in the developing and/or progression of TMD. The findings of this study were giving alarm to identify risk factors associated with TMD in order to establish measures for prevention and treatment. Keywords: Incidence, Temopromandibular joint, Temporomandibular joint disorders, Malocculsion.

17-22

Authors: Adinma, Echendu Dolly*; Iloghalu, Ifeoma C; Azuike, Emmanuel C; Obi, Darlington C; Mbanuzuru, V Ahoma; Nwabueze, Simeon Achunam; Modebe, Ifeoma Anne.

Tuberculosis (TB) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality rate in developing countries in Asia and sub Saharan Africa. Effective treatment depends on early case detection and patients’ adherence to treatment procedures. In many resource-constrained settings, tuberculosis treatment outcome is un-satisfactory. This study determined the outcome of tuberculosis treatment and factors associated with such outcomes, in a Teaching Hospital where TB Directly Observed Treatment Short-course (DOTS) strategy is adopted. A register-based historical cohort study of patients accessing care at DOTS clinic of the hospital from 1st January to 31st December 2012 was conducted. Information on the socio-demographic characteristics of patients, disease site, patient type, result of baseline sputum examination, treatment category, outcome of treatment, consent for HIV testing, result of HIV test and antiretroviral therapy were extracted. Records of 315 registered tuberculosis patients revealed 61.3% successful treatment, 1.9% treatment failure, 16.2% death, 14.6% defaulters, 5.4% transferred-out and 0.6% missing results. Outcome of tuberculosis treatment was significantly associated with gender and HIV status of patients. Majority had successful treatment outcome. Improper record keeping posed problem. Intensification of efforts at control of tuberculosis and HIV counseling and testing and training of records personnel on proper record keeping are recommended. Keywords: Tuberculosis, Treatment outcome, Tertiary Hospital, South Eastern Nigeria.