International Invention Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences

38-41

Authors: 1Chukwujekwu I. E., *1Ezejindu D. N., 1Moses F. C.

Gender determination of skeletal remains is a part of many medico-legal as well as anthropological examinations. Many anatomical structures have been studied but the teeth seem to be the most reliable structure since teeth represent the durable and resilient part of the skeleton. In this study, odontometric evaluation of mandibular canine width and inter-canine distance was carried out on 400 apparently healthy individuals whose ages ranged between 17-30 years at a gender ratio of 1:1 so as to determine the sex of individuals and possibility of dimorphism of the canines being used as a valid tool in the forensic and legal identification of an individual. These measurements were done with digital vernier caliper while the mandibular canine indices were derived by the division of the mandibular canine width by the inter-canine distance. The mean right mandibular canine width was 7.35±0.55 and mean left mandibular canine width of 7.64±0.48 in males while females had 6.84±0.35 and 7.07±0.41 respectively. The percentage analysis of sexual dimorphism showed that the left mandibular canine exhibited a greater degree of sexual dimorphism. The inter-canine distance showed a high degree of sexual dimorphism which was found statistically significant. The calculated MCI was greater in males than in females, but when offered for prediction of sex, out of 200 males, sex was correctly predicted only in 65 males and out of 200 females, only 58 were correctly predicted. Thus MCI of right side values showed 31.5% of males and 29% in females while MCI left side values showed 36% of males and 27.5% in females. Therefore, the mandibular canine width and inter-canine distance have proven beyond doubt high degree of sexual dimorphism hence a useful material in forensic identification while the use of MCI in forensic identification is discarded. Keywords: Odontometry, Sex determination, Mandibular canine width, Mandibular inter-canine distance, Mandibular canine index.

46-49

Authors: Sadia Ikhlaque Sheikh, Ambreen Hafeez, Muhammad Sameer Qureshi, Fauzia Imtiaz*, Zeba Haque

The aetiology and pathogenesis of osteoarthritis (OA) is not fully understood. However, it is known that several factors play a role. Environmental factors, stress from mechanical loading, predispose individuals to developing OA. Several risk factors for OA include: age, obesity, gender, genetics, diet and posture. To estimate the postural risk factors for developing osteoarthritis in Pakistani Women. Various diagnostic methods comprise of radiography, clinical presentation, a number of developed measurements and scales were used to collect data. Different joints area affected in different Postural risk factors. High prevalence of knee joint was observed in 36%. Hand and hip OA were found in 10% and 17% respectively. More than one joint were involved in 37% of participant. The frequency of OA also depends upon the posture. Assessment and modification of postural changes in relation to development and/or progression of (OA) can be made and by avoiding these postural changes, the OA can be prevented. Key words: Osteoarthritis, Postural risk, Joints.