International Invention Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences

131-135

Authors: *1Eziyi AK, Olajide AO1, Abidoye OE2, Oyeniyi AG1, Ojewuyi OO1

Reports of genital injury and loss from attacks allegedly perpetrated for ritual purposes are often reported in the media and discussed in social circles in Nigeria, but such reports are rare in the medical literature. The menace is still being hidden because of the secretive nature of barbaric act and myth in this environment. We report two cases of genital injuries caused by attacks, allegedly for ritual purposes, so as to document the occurrence of such injuries and to stimulate interest in their prevention and medical management. The patterns of presentation and the problems of management in Nigeria are highlighted. Keywords: Male genital mutilation, Urogenital.

95-99

Authors: Suparna Ghosh (Ray)1*, Kanyakumari kundu 2, Debjani Bhadra2, Rajat Bandyopadhyay 1, Anjan Das3, Jayita Mukherje2

Ovarian Granulosa cell tumour is a rare ovarian neoplasm, which typically occurs in children and young women. More than ninety percent of the patients are diagnosed in stage IA, who can be cured by unilateral oophorectomy. Meanwhile, the remaining is diagnosed in more advanced stages, wherein tumors may exhibit aggressive behavior. In this stage, surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy may be required. The study report a 5 year old girl with granulosa cell tumour with precocious puberty. She underwent laparotomy followed by unilateral salphingo ophorectomy. As histopathology report showed juvenile granulosa cell tumour with capsular invasion (stage IC), she was scheduled for 3 cycles of adjuvant chemotherapy with Bleomycin, Etoposide and Cisplatin (BEC) regimen. She has been disease free since for more than six months. Keywords: Granulosa cell tumour, Juvenile, Precocious puberty, Salphingo-Ophorectomy, Surgery, Chemotherapy.

107-115

Authors: *1,4Abdulgafar O. Jimoh, 4Ibraheem Omar, 2Iyabo M. Adebisi, 4,5Zuwaira Sani, 3Aminu Bello, 3Sani B. Abubakar, 2Tijjani Rabiu, 1,4Adamu A. Adamu and 2Edith G. Odoh

Figures about commonly managed ailments including the drug use pattern, data on morbidity profiles and the disease burden of a health institution are of critical importance in day to day decision making on where best to divert resources, planning and policy formulation. This study is aimed at describing the morbidity profile of the patients seen, managed and applying the WHO/INRUD core prescribing indicators to measure the performance of health care providers in drug prescribing practices in the Health Services Department of Usmanu Danfodiyo University Sokoto, Nigeria within the period of January to December 2011. This is a cross sectional, descriptive study by design. A total number of 7855 drugs were prescribed from January to December 2011. The average number of drugs per prescription was 3.6 only. The percentage of drugs prescribed by generic name was 4139 (69.9%), Percentage encounter with antibiotics and injections prescribed was 1203 (55.2%) and 217(10.01%) respectively, and percentage of drugs prescribed from the essential drug list was 5718(96.1%) only. Artemisinin based combination therapies (ACTs) was the most employed combination mode of malaria treatment in the clinic accounting for about 89.6% of all prescribed antimalarial, Penicillins were the most (44.53%) prescribed antibiotic. Out of the 11074 patients’ records that met the inclusion criteria 1518, 3305, 6241 of the patients were seen and treated in the months of January, July and October respectively. Malaria alone accounted for 5845 (52.8%)of the cases seen and treated, and ranked as the most frequent morbidity, Respiratory tract infections, both upper and lower came a relatively distant second, followed by gastrointestinal and skin and soft tissue diseases ranking as the third and fourth respectively . In conclusion the findings in this study revealed that malaria, gastrointestinal, respiratory and skin diseases were the four leading causes of morbidity in the university clinic. Artemether-Lumefantrine, Penicillins and Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs accounted for the highest number of drugs prescribed. The core prescribing indicators measured in this study were not in consonance with standard reference values. There is a need for training and retraining of health care service providers. Keywords: Morbidity, Prescribing, University clinic, Sokoto-Nigeria.

122-130

Authors: Duru C.B1*, Emele F.E2, Nnebue C.C3, Adinma E.D4, Ifeadike G.O4, Amilo G.I5, Oluboyo A.O6, Oluboyo B.O3

Sexually transmitted infections (STI) occur worldwide with more than 340 million cases occurring annually in adults aged 15-49 years. The aim of the study is to determine the prevalence and co-existence of Chlamydia trachomatis and Herpes simplex virus (HSV) antibodies among students in a tertiary institution in Anambra State, Nigeria. This is a cross sectional descriptive study of the co–existence of Chlamydia trachomatis and HSV antibodies among students in a tertiary institution in Anambra State Nigeria carried out using enzyme immunoassay kits for determination of IgG class antibodies. The seroprevalence of HSV antibodies, (27.3%), was slightly higher than that of Chlamydia trachomatis, (21.6%) among the students. Also more of the students, (18.2%) were positive to HSV antibodies only, when compared to 12.5% of them that were positive to Chlamydia trachomatis antibodies only, while 9.1% of them were seropositive to both organisms. The antibody titres to both organisms were found to be significantly higher among students with high risk sexual behaviours. The seroprevalence and co-existence of these organisms were high in both populations thus there is need to institute appropriate control measures to reduce the prevalence of these infections. Key words: Seroprevalence, Co-existence, Chlamydia trachomatis, Herpes simplex virus, Tertiary, Students.

81-90

Authors: Abdu Wakawa Ibrahim1* and Shehu Sale2

The concomitant use of psychoactive substances in HIV infection has significant implications for both transmission and progression of the disease as well as in affecting the adherence to treatment regimen. This study assessed the prevalence and pattern of psychoactive substance use as well as determined the predictors among HIV+ population at the Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital in north-western Nigeria. This study utilized the sociodemographic questionnaire, clinical proforma, the 14-item Hospital Anxiety and Depressive Scale (HADS) for data collection and the multidrug urine screen test device to detect the drug metabolites in the subjects' system. Prevalence of psychoactive substance use was 25.2%. Male gender [Odds Ratio (O.R.) = 8.34, 95% C.I.= 2.852 - 9.495, p<0.001], the absence of antiretroviral medications [O.R.= 3.65, 95% C.I.=0.231 - 0.611, p=0.034], the diagnosis of anxiety and depressive disorders (O.R.= 4.61, 95% C.I. = 0.486 - 0.884, p<0.001) and (O.R. = 6.98, 95% C.I. = 0.189 - 0.574, p<0.001) respectively were the independent predictors of psychoactive substance use among the respondents. The commonest used substances were alcohol and Cannabis, most use multiple substances. We therefore recommend periodic screening for psychoactive substances in HIV+ adults in order to optimize care and clinical outcome. Keywords: Psychoactive substance, prevalence, predictors, HIV- seropositive, North-western Nigeria.

69-76

Authors: Dr Shehu Sale1, John Joska2

The aim of the study was to determine the correlates of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) among children aged 6 to 12 years in a clinical psychiatric center in Northern Nigeria. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, 4th Edition (DSM-IV) of the American Psychiatric Association was used to diagnose ADHD among the study participants. Statistical analysis was carried out using the SPSS 17.0 to determine the correlates of ADHD among the study participants. In univariate analysis, single/divorced parents (p=.008), mother’s smoking (p=.003) and drinking (p=.007) while pregnant, modes of delivery other than vaginal birth (p=.029), starting school at the age of 5 years (p=.013) were associated with ADHD. In multivariate analysis, single/divorced parents (p=.001), mother smoking (p=.004) and drinking (p=.005) while pregnant, modes of delivery other than vaginal birth (p=.018), and starting school at the age of 5 years (p=.029) were significant predictors of ADHD. Correlates of ADHD identified included single/divorced parents, mother smoking while pregnant, mother drinking while pregnant, mode of delivery and age of 5 years at start of school. The correlates were similar to those in developed world. Knowledge of these associations will allow for the institution of comprehensive preventive strategies to reduce the prevalence of ADHD. Keywords: ADHD, Risk factors, Correlates, Children.

60-64

Authors: *1ONI OA, 2ODIA JO, Iruegbukpe V.3

This association between obesity and hypertension (HTN) has been established and extensively documented in the western world. However, it is yet to be determined if obesity correlates with poor control of HTN in Nigeria. The aim of this study is to find out if obesity is associated with persistent high blood pressure and or there are other associated common risk factors for HTN in Nigeria. This is a cohort study involving 130 patients with HTN. Patients were compliant with medications. The body mass indexes (BMI) of all the patients were determined and compared with their level of blood Pressure and common risk factors for HTN were also evaluated. The CC between obesity and diastolic blood pressure (r= -0.90; CD=81 %), systolic blood pressure (r= -0.66; CD=44%) and Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP) (r=0.39; CD=15% . Male= -0.94. Female= -0.98). Other risk factors for HTN include family history (90%), occupation (Farmers: 69.2%), Environment (Rural: 72.3%), Alcohol (56.9%), Tobacco (53.8%), dyslipidemia (10.7%), Age (HTN peaks at the 6th decade of life). Obesity doesn’t necessarily associate with persistent, poor control of HTN in Nigeria in this study, contrary to Caucasians studies. Keywords: Hypertension, Obesity, Correlation, co-morbidity, Risk Factors, Nigeria, Caucasians, Cardiovascular.