Indonesian Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences

10 - 17

Authors: Faid-Allah E

This study was carried out to investigate genetic, non-genetic affecting factors and estimate genetic parameters for milk production and reproductive traits of Holstein cows via animal model. The data was obtained from a commercial farm (Safi Masr for Developing the Animal Resources), located in the Nile Delta, Dakahlia, Egypt. Data included 4791 records of 1797 cows, 794 dams and 67 sires that represented the period from 2002 to 2012. The means and coefficient of variability (CV%) of milk traits as total milk yield (TMY), 305 day milk yield (305-dMY), lactation period (LP) and dry period (DP) were 5787.8 kg (31.1%), 4695 kg (22.1%), 332 day (14.9%) and 72.3 day (27.7%), respectively. Also, the means (CV%) of reproductive traits as days open (DO) and age at first calving (AFC) were 157.9 day (22.6%) and 30.5 month (16.8%), respectively. Sire, dam, parity of cow, year and season of calving had significant effects on traits studied. Heritability estimated were 0.223, 0.184, 0.112, 0.118, 0.105 and 0.285 for TMY, 305-dMY, LP, DP, DO and AFC, respectively. Estimated rG and rP among milk production traits were positive but it takes negative trend with DP and DO. Moderate heritability estimates and positive genetic correlation for most of traits studied suggested that genetic improvement of these traits would be achieved via multi-trait selection. Key Words: Genetic Parameters, Milk Production, Reproductive, Friesian Holstein Cattle

23 - 30

Authors: Yulistiani D, Naufaliah N, Kardaya D, Subandriyo .

A study was conducted to evaluate the effect of feeding different levels of rumen undegradable protein (UDP) in concentrate on performance of five breeds of sheep. Namely: Compass Agrinak (CA); Garut Composite breed (KG); Barbados Cross breed (BC); St Croix breed (SC); and Local Garut (GL) breed. Ten heads of sheep were used from each breed, in which each breed was grouped into 5 groups according to their body weight, and each sheep in each group was assigned to one of two treatments diet. The diet treatment consisted of concentrate containing different levels of undegradable protein (UDP). The levels of undegradable protein were 4.5% and 7.5%. Concentrate were formulated in iso nitrogen (CP content 16.7%) and iso energy (ME content 2.5 Mcal/kg). During feeding trial the sheep were kept in individual pen for three months. Study was conducted in randomized complete block design in factorial 5 x 2 arrangement, 5 levels of breeds sheep and 2 levels of UDP content. Results shows that there was no interaction effect of breed and levels UDP on feed consumption, average daily gain and feed conversion. These variables were significantly (P<0.05) affected by breed of sheep. The highest DMI (dry matter intake) was in KG sheep, the highest DMI caused by highest crude protein and gross energy intake, which in turn lead to highest average daily gain (ADG) of this breed. However the ADG of KG was not significantly different from GL. Apparent nutrient digestibility was not affected (P>0.05) by interaction between breed of sheep and UDP levels in the diet except for OM digestibility. While breed of sheep did not affect nutrient digestibility and UDP levels only affected NDF digestibility. From this study, it is concluded that increasing UDP in the diet did not improve growth performance of sheep. At similar quality of feed the growth performance was affected by breed of sheep in which KG and GL sheep had similar average daily gain (86.01 vs 82.38 g/day). Key Words: Breed of Sheep, Undegradable Protein, Growth, Digestibility

41 - 47

Authors: Ratnawati D, Cowley F, Mayberry D, Poppi D

Growth rates of bulls in Indonesia raised in smallholder fattening systems are generally low due to inadequate nutrition. This study compared bull growth and farmer profit between two feeding management systems, namely traditional feeding (as control) and intervention feeding by supplementation with a high quality concentrate. Bos taurus-Ongole cross bred bulls (n=46) aged 1.5-2 years, owned by smallholder farmers, from two villages in East Java were used in this study. The bulls were divided into two treatment groups; control and intervention. Farmers in the intervention group were provided with a concentrate containing onggok, copra and palm kernel cake. Farmers were instructed to feed 4 kg DM of concentrate/bull/day in addition to their existing roughage diet for 161 days or until sold. No changes were made to the feeding or management of the bulls in the control group. Mostly control group farmers used local forages and agricultural by product as a feed, without any supplementation. The daily feed cost and the cost of 1 kg of liveweight gain was higher in the intervention group (IDR 8827 and IDR 11990, respectively) than that of the control group (IDR 2606 and IDR 5543, respectively). Moreover, the average daily gain of bulls in the intervention group (0.82 kg/bull/day) was higher than that of bulls in the control group (0.52 kg/bull/day), resulting in a greater profit for the fattening period. Daily income minus feed costs was higher for farmers in the intervention group (IDR 24182/day), compared to farmers in the control group (IDR 15774/day). It is concluded that although there were additional costs for feeding high-quality feeds, but higher growth rates of bulls resulted in greater profits for smallholder farmers. Key Words: Feed, Fattening, Beef Cattle, Supplement, Concentrate

58 - 63

Authors: Purba M, Haryati T, Sinurat AP

The aim of this study was to determine optimal requirement of lysine of broiler EPMp ducks during starter period. The study was designed in a completely randomized design (CRD) with four dietary treatments, four replications, and each replication consisted of 10 ducks. The treatments were: T1 (ration, with 0.70% digestible lysine); T2 (ration, with 0.85% digestible lysine); T3 (ration, with 1.00% digestible lysine); T4 (ration, with 1.15% digestible lysine). Variables measured were: feed intake, body weight gain and feed conversion ratio (FCR). Results showed that average body weight gain of EPMp broiler ducks was significantly affected (P<0.05) by the level of lysine in the diet, but feed intake and FCR were not significantly (P>0.05) affected. Mean body weight gain of EPMp broiler duck with T4 ration (1.15%) of lysine was significantly higher compared to T3 ration (1.00% of lysine), but between T4 to T1 and T2 treatmeants were not significantly different (P>0.05). T3 treatment compared to T1 and T2 treatments were not significantly different (P>0.05). There is a pattern of decreasing feed consumption and FCR by increasing content of lysine in the diet, protein and lysine consumption during the starter period. It is concluded that administration of digested lysine at 0.70 and 0.85%, protein and metabolized energy respectively by 18% and 2800 kcal/kg EM in feed were considered sufficient to generate performance (feed consumption, body weight gain and FCR) of EPMp broiler ducks in starter period. Key Words: Performance, EPMp Ducks, Lysine, Starter

71 - 78

Authors: Saepulloh M, Sendow I

Enzootic Bovine Leucosis (EBL) is one of viral diseases in cattle caused by bovine leukemia virus (BLV), from Retroviridae. The virus can be detected using severals methods such as Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), while antibody can be detected using Agar Gel Immunodifussion (AGID). The aim of this experiment was to study the effectivity of PCR and AGID methods to detect enzootic bovine leukosis virus in Indonesia. Samples of peripheral blood leukocyte (PBL) were collected from cattles those with and without showing clinical signs. A total of 307 blood and serum samples were tested against BLV using PCR and AGID tests, while 21 semen samples which were from similar animals for blood collection were collected only for PCR test. The results indicated that twelve cattles have positive results with PCR test in PBL, but from those cattles only seven were positive with AGID. On the other hand, the PCR did not detect EBL in 21 bovine semen samples tested, although one sample gave positive result with PCR in PBL. This results indicated that PCR method from blood samples was more sensitive than that AGID method. The PCR detection was also more sensitive for PBL than that for semen samples. Key Words: Enzootic Bovine Leucosis, Indonesia