Indonesian Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences

159 - 166

Authors: Hartawan R, DharmayantI NLPI

Numerous viral pathogens are circulated in the environment of commercial chicken farms that causing the difficulty in the confirmation of diagnosis. A breakthrough on the diagnosis technique is required in order to deal with multiple viral infections. Ideally, the approach should have not only high accuracy but also economical and straightforward. The objective of this research is to develop a rapid multiplex reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (mRT-PCR) diagnostic method for three common infectious viral diseases in poultry, Newcastle Disease (ND), Avian Influenza (AI) subtype H5N1 and Infectious Bronchitis (IB). This study was successful in developing and optimizing the mRT-PCR for these three pathogens in a single reaction test. Testing 67 field samples from Sukabumi district revealed the presence of several targeted viruses. Key Words: Screening Test, Multiplex RT-PCR, Newcastle Disease, Avian Influenza, Infectious Bronchitis

177 -184

Authors: Ervandi M, Susilawati T, Wahyuningsih S

Damage of spermatozoa membrane in sexing procces with albumin gradient can decrease the quality of spermatozoa, thus to solve that need diluents for protect spermatozoa membrane to make good quality. The aim of this research is to know the best diluents between Andromed and CEP2 (cauda epididymal plasma) + 0% of yolk to keep the quality of Limousin Cow’s Spermatozoa from sexing procces with albumin’s gradient. Parameters measured for the quality of spermatozoa were : spermatozoa motility, spermatozoa viability, spermatozoa abnormality, spermatozoa concentration, and spermatozoa motility, membrane integrity, spermatozoa capacity, and acrosom reaction. Observation of membrane integrity using HOS (Hypoosmotic Swelling Test), observation of capacity and acrosom reaction using fluoresen CTC (Chortetracycline) dye. Result show that Andomed diluents and CEP2 + 10% yolk in top layer and bottom (X) and (Y) layer can keep the quality of Limousin Cow’s spermatozoa in sexing procces include spermatozoa motility (X 62,5%, Y 58%,) (X 56,5%, Y 55%), viability (X 91,64%, Y 91,51%) (X 89,87%, Y 93,51%, spermatozoa’s concentration (X 643 million /ml, Y518 million /ml) (X648 million/ml, Y517 million/ml), total spermatozoa are motil (X373,60 juta/ml, Y187,80 million/ml) (X 296,03 miliion/ml, Y 187,38 million/ml) , and have low abnormality (X 4,11%, Y 4,38%), (X 6,42%, Y 4,04%). Andromed diluents and CEP2 + 10% yolk can keep the integrity of spermatozoa membrane (X 87,60%, Y 80,26%) (X 79,61%, Y 81,03%), remains well and have the spermatozoa are not yet capacitation(X 87,60%, Y83,71%) (X 79,61%, Y 81,03%) remains high, spermatozoa capacity (X 9,76%, Y 9,92%) (X 13,45%, Y 8,95%), dan acrosom reaction (X 4,11%, Y 4,38%), (X 6,42%, Y 4,04%) remains low. Andromed diluents was not different (P > 0,05) from CEP2 diluents + 10% yolk in keeping the quality of Limousin Cow Spermatozoa from the sexing process with albumin’s gradient (egg white). Key Words: Semen, Andromed, CEP+10% Yolk, Albumin’s Gradient, Sexing

192 - 201

Authors: Solihati M, Purwantara B, Supriatna I, Winarto A

The purpose of this study was to determine the development of spermatogenic cells and sperm quality after administration extracts of pegagan (Centella asiatica) in various doses and duration of administration. The research was carried out with complete randomized design (CRD), consist of 16 combinations of dose and duration of treatment. Parameters measured consist of population of spermatogenic cells (spermatogonia, primary spermatocytes, late spermatids) and sperm quality (concentration, motility, abnormality). The data were processed using analysis of variance (ANOVA), and differences between treatments followed by Duncan test. The results show that both the dose and duration have very significantly (p < 0.01) affect on decreasing of late spermatid population, sperm motility and concentration, but not for population of spermatogonia, primary spermatocytes and sperm abnormalities. The decrease of population and quality may due to antifertility effect of pegagan, eventhough still in the normal range. It is concluded that spermatogenic cells development and sperm quality reduce after administration of pegagan extract, although infertility is not yet found up to the dose of 450 mg/kg BW for 49 days duration of administration. Key Words: Spermatogenic, Sperm Quality, Pegagan Extract

208 - 219

Authors: Engeldal SEC, Subandriyo ., Handiwirawan E, Noor RR

In farm animals, vocal analysis is accepted as a non-invasive method for assessing animal welfare in comparison to most physiological measurements. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of different degrees of social isolation on the acoustic characteristics of stress-induced bleats from three different breeds of sheep. The experiment consisted of subjecting the animals to three different levels of social isolation during which both locomotive and vocal data were recorded. The data on locomotive behaviour was subjected to descriptive analysis while specialized acoustic software was used to measure a total of thirty-six parameters of recorded bleats. Descriptive analysis showed that the animals displayed more locomotive activity during partial isolation compared to complete isolation. Number of bleats during partial isolation was also found to be higher. The application of two-way analysis of variance showed a significant effect of isolation level and breed on both temporal and structural acoustic properties. Amplitude, power and time acoustic properties were found to affect acoustic quality of vocal responses to isolation, whereas frequency related properties were also found to be different significantly (P < 0.05) between breeds. From spectrogram analysis, the patterns of energy distribution within the calls proved to offer the most evident that differ between isolation levels and breeds. It was concluded that acoustic analysis can be helpful in revealing the affective state of socially isolated rams. Key Words: Sheep, Social Isolation, Vocalization, Behaviour, Animal Welfare

227 -232

Authors: Hermana W, Toharmat T, Sumiati ., Manalu W

The objectives of this research was to study tibia bone mineral content and blood profil of laying quail offered control diet (P0); diet with 10% katuk leaf meal /KLM (P1); diet with 10% mulberry leaf meal/MLM (P2); and diet with 5% KLM+5% MLM (P3). A completely randomized design using 4 treatments, 5 replications, and 2 quails of 17 weeks of age in each experimental unit replication was used in this experiment. The data were analyzed using analysis of variance and Duncan test. Parameters observed were tibia bone mineral content. The result showed that quail tibia bone weight and percentage of tibia bone weight were not affected by treatment, but diametre of tibia bone from quail fed mixture of KLM+MLM in the diet shorter (P < 0.05) than that of the other treatment. It was concluded that KLM and MLM can be used in the diet of laying quail up to 10% without affected the tibia bone mineral content. Key Words: Katuk Leaf Meal, Laying Quail, Mulberry Leaf Meal, Tibia Bone.