Indonesian Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences

243 - 252

Authors: Bram Brahmantiyo, Y.C. Raharjo

Selection based on weaning weight in Rex, Satin rabbits and their crosses was done to improve its productivity. Data from the base population (P0), selected population (G0) and an offspring of selected population (F1) were used to estimate heritability using nested analysis method (nested) and best linear unbiased prediction (BLUP). The value of heritability estimated of birth weight, weaning weight, 12 weeks body weight and 16 weeks body weight of Rex were 0.74±0.09, 0.93±0.05, 0.81±0.09 and 0.89±0.06, Satin were 0.96, 0.82±0.22, 0.93±0.40 and 0.97 and Reza were 0.96±0.27, 0.98, 0.86±0.40 dan 0.78, respectively. Increase in weaning weight on selected Rex, Satin rabbits and their corsses were 22.77 g (3.66%), 6.83 g (1.11%) and 65.29 g (10.67%). Key Words: Selection, Rabbit, Heritability, Weaning Weight

260 - 265

Authors: Retno Adiwinarti, U.R. Fariha, C.M.S. Lestari

This study was performed to determine the growth of Java bulls fed rice straw and concentrates at different levels of protein. Twelve heads of Java bulls, one and a half years old, with initial body weight ranging from 113.83-191 kg were used in this experiment. They were grouped into four replications based on the initial body weight. The rice straw (30%) and concentrates (70%) diet containing three different levels of protein (8.27; 11.03 and 14.43%) were fed during nine weeks. Data gathered were the average daily gain and the average body measurements (chest girth, shoulder height and body length). Result of this study showed that the increase of protein levels from 8.27 to 14,43% did not significantly influence the average daily gain, shoulder height, and body length of Java bulls (P > 0.05), but it influenced daily chest girth (P < 0.05). The average daily gain (ADG), shoulder height and body length were 0.633 kg, 0.08 cm, and 0.09 cm, respectively. The highest average of daily chest girth of Java bulls was T2 = 0.19 cm, followed by T3 = 0.15 cm, and T1 = 0.12 cm. It is concluded that the increase levels of protein from 8.27 to 14.43% did not affect the average daily gain, shoulder height and body length of Java cattle. However, the highest chest girth was achieved by Java cattle which fed concentrate containing 11.03% of protein. Key Words: Growth, Java Bull, Rice Straw, Concentrate, Levels of Protein

272 - 279

Authors: Ermin Widjaja, T. Toharmat, D.A. Santoso, Sumiati ., M. Ridla, S. Iskandar

Most of the components of poultry feed (80%) of grains and meal that contains phytic acid which has anti-nutritional factor because it can bind minerals and reduce its availability. Phytic acid can be hydrolyzed by the enzyme phytase. Phytase enzyme naturally found in sugar cane juice, but its use as poultry feed supplements have not been done. The study was conducted using sugar cane juice PS 851 from Jatiroto PTPN XI, Lumajang, East Java in order to get the information potential of sugar cane juice as a liquid supplement and phytase enzyme carrier for poultry viewed from the aspect of nutrient content of sugarcane juice and phytase activity in the release rate of phosphorus. Research conducted at the Faculty of Animal IPB for 10 months. The rate of hydrolysis of phytase on P was tested using rice bran as a substrate. Sugar cane juice is added to the 2.5% level, using 4-level incubation (1, 2, 3 and 4 hours), each level consisting of 37°C and 42°C; pH 2; pH 4.5 and pH 5 with three replications. Study using a Two Factors Experiments in Completely Randomized Design and it was continued by DMRT test. P release rate was measured by spectrophotometry. The results showed that the sugar cane juice has a phytase activity of 0.0766 U / ml, brix level of 22.15%, containing water 73.03%, protein 0.47%, crude fiber 6.43%, minerals Ca 0.03%, P 0,02%, Co 0.14 mg / l, Fe 1.8 mg/l, Mn 1.55 mg/l, Zn 1.37 mg/ l, Cu 0.19 mg/ l, Se 12.63 mcg/100 g, vitamins B3 5.26 mg/100 g, C 0.72 mg/100 g, E 0.08 mg/100 g, sucrose 32.42%, fructose 2.41%, galactose 2% and glucose 1.58%. Supplementation of 2.5% sugar cane juice can increase the P release rate of 112-235% at optimum conditions of pH 5, at 37°C with a long incubation period of 1-4 hours. Key Words: Sugar Cane Juice, Phytase, Phosphorus

288 - 293

Authors: Sajimin ., N.D. Purwantari, E. Sutedi, Oyo

Coleus amboinicus Lour is one of well known plant and commonly consumed by lactating women in North Sumatera. It is high, in iron and carotene contents. The objective of the research was to study the productivity of C. amboinicus at different cutting intervals. An experiment was carried out in glasshouse as pot trial. Four treatments of cutting interval were 30 days, 40 days, 50 days and 60 days with 10 replications. The treatment was arranged in randomized complete design. Parameters measured were shoot dry matter, and crude protein, Cu, Zn and B contents of leaves, at the beginning, middle and end of the experiment. Result shows that dry matter yield was significantly influenced by cutting interval (P <0.05). The highest shoot dry matter production was obtained at 60 days) cutting interval (34.1 g /plant ) and the lowest at 50 days cutting interval (19.6 g/plant). Similarly, crude protein and Cu, Zn and B content of shoot were also highest at 60 days cutting interval. The shoot dry matter production declined from first cutting to seventh cutting. Crude protein content at 60 days cutting interval was in a range of 12.31-15.59%. Key Words: Coleus amboinicus, Forage Production, Quality Mineral

304 - 311

Authors: Miskiyah ., S. Usmiati, Mulyorini .

Texture of dadih from cow milk tends to be soft, while dadih from buffalo milk have more compact and solid texture. Enzyme is one of food additives that may produce fermented products made from cow milk that has same charcteristic as dadih’s from buffalo milk. Lactic acid bacteria in fermented milk affect product characteristics. This study aimed to determine the effect of combination of enzyme and probiotic lactic acid bacteria on the characteristics of cow's milk dadih. The study was aime designed using completely randomized design (CRD) with 9 treatments, A: renin 2 ppm + 3% Lactobacillus casei; B: renin 2 ppm + 3% B. longum); C: renin 2 ppm + 1.5% L. casei + 1.5% B. longum; D: crude extract of Mucor sp. 0.5 ppm + 3% L. casei; E: crude extract of Mucor sp. 0.5 ppm + 3% Brevibacterium longum; F: crude enzyme extract of Mucor sp. 0.5 ppm + 1.5% L. casei + 1.5% B. longum; G: papain 100 ppm + 3% L. casei); H: papain 100 ppm + 3% B. longum; and F: papain 100 ppm + 1.5% L. casei + 1.5% B. longum). Each treatment was repeated two times. Results showed that combination of renin 2 ppm with 3% of L. casei resulted in the best characteristics of cow milk dadih with viscosity 2278 cP; pH 5.63; titrable acidity 0.56%; moisture 75.03%; protein 6.80%; fat 3.35%; carbohydrate 13.21%; LAB total 6.90 x 1010 cfu/g; it also had a flavor, aroma, texture, and general acceptance that mostly preferred by panelists. Key Words: Dadih, Cow Milk, Enzyme, Lactobacillus casei, Bifidobacterium longum

163 - 172

Authors: Yenni Yusriani, T. Toharmat, Sumiati ., E. Wina, A. Setiyono

Jatropha curcas meal (JCM) contain high protein, but its utilization as feed ingredient is limited by the presence of several anti nutritive and toxic compounds. A research has been conducted in the Faculty of Animal Husbandry IPB to determine the values of metabolizable energy, crude fiber digestibility, retention of nitrogen, calcium and phosphorous of JCM fermented using Rhizopus oligoporus or of fermented JCM suplemented with enzymes on chickens. In this experiment 25 of ten weeks old chickens were used (20 chickens were fed experimental diets, and 5 chickens were used to measure endogenous energy). A Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 5 treatments and 4 replications was used in this experiment. The experimental diets were R0 = basal diet without JCM; R1 = the diet contained unprocess JCM 5%; R2 = the diet contained fermented JCM 5%+ cellulase 20.000 U/kg; R3 = the diet contained 5% of fermented JCM + phytase 1000 FTU/kg; R4 = the diet contained 5% of fermented JCM+ cellulase 20.000 U/kg + phytase 1000 FTU/kg. The parameters measured were Metabolizable Energy (ME, Men, TME, TMEn) digestibility of crude fiber and retention of calcium, phosphorus and nitrogen. The result indicated that fermented JCM suplemented enzym phytase, cellulase as well as enzym combination increased metabolizable energy. Nitrogen retention was improved highest significantly (P < 0.01) by feed of fermented JCM suplemented enzyme compared to control diet or diet containing untreated JCM. The fermented JCM suplemented with phytase enzyme (R3) gave the highest nitrogen retention (76.73%.). The highest value of digested crude fibre (24.65%) was on the diet containing fermented JCM suplemented with cellulase (R2). The calcium retention improved significantly (P < 0.05) with diet containing fermented JCM supplemented enzyme compared to that of the diet containing untreated JCM. It can be concluded that fermented JCM supplemented enzymes cellulase, phytase and its combination increased the value of metabolizable energy, digestibility of crude fiber and nitrogen retention. Key Words: Chicken, JCM Fermented, Enzymes, Metabolic Energy

184 - 193

Authors: Zubir ., R. Priyanto, E. Gurnadi, W. Manalu, H.M. Winugroho

Pasak Bumi (Eurycoma longifolia Jack/ELJ) is frequently claimmed to increase expression of masculinity, including inducing the lean growth. This study was aimed to determine the effect of ELJ peptide supplementation on yield and physical composition of lamb carcasses. Sixteen Priangan rams about 1 year old with average weight of 30.43±1.41 kg were maintained in individual cages. The experimental rams were divided into 4 treatments i.e. T0, T1, T2, and T3. In T0, T1 and T2 treatments, the experimental rams were administered: 0, 1.5, and 3 mg ELJ peptide/kg BW, respectively. In the T3 treatment, the experimental ram were administered 1 mg/kg commercial product eurypeptide®. The ELJ peptide and commercial product were administered first in the morning prior to feeding. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design of four treatments and four replications. Data were covariance analyzed with an empty body weight as covariate for carcass weight and the right carcass weight as covariate for carcasses physical composition. The results showed that the weights of dissection body fat of T2 and T3 were lower than T0 (P < 0.05) and T1 (P < 0.01). Fat weight reduction was found in all parts of the carcass and more apparent in the fore saddle. Lean weights were higher ( P < 0.05) in T3 and T2 as compared to T1 and T0. The pattern of lean weight differed among treatments in the wholesale cuts that follow the total lean weight eventhough it was not significant. ELJ peptide treatment did not significantly affect either bone weight or wholesale cuts weight. In conclusion, T2 and T3 can improve carcass composition with equal ability. Key Words: Ram, Eurycoma Longifolia Peptide, Carcass

199 - 210

Authors: Anneke Anggraeni, C. Sumantri, L. Praharani, Dudi ., E. Andreas

Information about genetic distances among populations (geographics) of local swamp buffalo is less published. Genetic distance analysis was done among seven local swamp buffalo populations trhough a morphological analysis. Female and male buffaloes were observed for a total number of 905 hds, originating from the Provices of NAD (100 hds), North Sumatera (51 hds), Banten (180 hds), Central Java (203 hds), South Kalimantan (121 hds), NTB (200 hds), dan South Sulawesi (50 hds). Genetic variation among buffalo populations was calculated by discriminant function of Mahalonobis distance. Genetic distance was estimated by MEGA program. Morphometric measurements of female buffalo in North Sumatera were larger (P < 0,01) than those of buffaloes in Banten, South Kalimantan, NAD and South Sulawesi. Morphometric measurements of male buffalo in South Sulawesi were larger than those of buffaloes in Central Java, Banten, and NAD. Chest width was the highest different morphometric factor (0.969). Buffalo from NTB had the highest similarity (95.0%), followed by buffaloes from North Sumatera (74.51%) and South Sulawesi (74.19%); while the lowest one was from South Sulawesi (38.02%) and Banten (49.44%). Morphological distribution map indicated existence of three local swamp buffalo groups. Grup 1 was presented by buffalo from NTB, distributed in the II and III quadrants. Group 2 was presented by buffaloes from five locations (North Sumatera, Central Java, South Kalimantan, South Sulawesi, and Banten), distrributed in I and II quadrants, and a smaller part distributed in III and IV quadrants. Group 3 was presented by buffaloes from NAD and a smaller part from South Kalimantan and Banten, distributed in IV quadrant. The lowest genetic distance was identified between buffaloes in NAD and South Kalimantan (0.348), while the highest one was between buffloes in Banten and South Kalimantan (1.883). Based on phenogram tree structure, the observed local swamp buffaloes could be classified into 3 cluster, namely: Cluster 1 from South Kalimantan, NAD and Banten; Cluster 2 from South Sulawesi, Central Java and North Sumatera, and Cluster 3 from NTB. Key Words: Swamp Buffalo, Morphology, Discriminant Analysis, Genetic Distance

218 - 233

Authors: Tatan Kostaman, S. Sopiyana, A.R. Setioko

Primordial germ cells (PGCs) are original cells of spermatogonia in the testes or oogonia in the ovary. PGCs in poultry can be harvested and stored in the liquid nitrogen and can be used for conservation as genetic materials of poultry. The objective of this study was to obtain the optimal rate of temperature reduction on PGCs quality from three different Indonesian native chicken after thawing. Fertile eggs obtained from native chicken were incubated for 56 hours to obtain embryo at stage of 14-16. PGCs were isolated from the blood using modified Nycodenz Gradient Centrifugation technique. There after they were kept in a straw and equilibrated for 15 minutes at 5oC and frozen at the rate of temperature reduction of 0.3, 0.5, and 1oC per minute using embryo freezing machine (FHK Fujihara: ET-1). After the temperature reached -30oC, then they were plunged directly into the liquid nitrogen. Recovery rate and viability of PGCs after freezing and thawing were measured. The results of this study showed that the average recovery rate of PGCs that have been frozen at rate of temperature reduction of 1, 0.5, and 0.3oC per minute were 35.6, 43.9, and 44.9% respectively. However the rate of temperature reduction of 0.5 and 0.3oC per minute did not significantly affect the recovery rate. The average percentage of viability of PGCs that were frozen at the rate of 1, 0.5 and 0.3oC per minute were respectively 62.6, 77.5, and 77.4%. It seems that the viability followed the trend of recovery rates where the 1oC per minute reduction was the lowest quality compared to the other two treatments. It is concluded that the reduction of 0.5 or 0.3oC per minute are considered as the ideal temperature reduction when native chicken PGCs are frozen. Key Words: PGCs, Native Chicken, Conservation

234 -241

Authors: Risza Hartawan, K. Robinson, T. Mahony, J. Meer

The hemagglutinin and neuraminidase are important immunogen of avian influenza virus that are suitable for recombinant experimentation. However, both genes have been experienced rapid mutation resulting in diverse variety of genotypes. Hence, gene expression in recombinant systems will be difficult to predict. The objective of the study was to examine expression level of H5 and N1 genes from a field isolate by cloning the genes into expression vector pEGFP-C1. Two clones respresenting fulllength of H5 and N1 gene in plasmid pEGFP-C1 were transfected into chicken embryo fibroblasts (CEF), rabbit kidney (RK13) and African green monkey kidney (VERO) cells using Lipofectamine ‘Plus’ reagent. The experiment showed level of gene expression in the VERO cell was higher than in the RK13 and CEF cells. Observations using fluorescent microscopy and Western blotting revealed that the N1 gene was expressed better in all cells compared to the H5 gene. Key Words: H5N1 Virus, Hemagglutinin, Neuraminidase, Gene Expression, Green Fluorescent Protein

83 - 89

Authors: Cecep Hidayat, S. Iskandar, T Sartika

One hundred and sixty KUB pullets of 22 weeks of age (KUB = Kampung chicken selected for egg production) were previously raised on different dietary protein level during starter-grower period. During starting period, chicks (0-12 weeks of age) were given dietary protein of: 16% crude protein, CP (R1); 17.5% CP (R2); 19% CP (R3); 20.5% CP (R4); 22% CP (R5). All dietary treatments were iso-energy of 2800 kcal ME (metabolisable energy)/kg. During growing period (12-22 weeks) each group of treatment chick was divided into two regimes of dietary protein levels. One was subjected to the same as treatments given during starting period, and the other one was given diet with reduced dietary protein content up to 1.5%. The treatments were R1-1, having dietary protein of 16.0%; R1-2, having dietary protein of 14.5%; R2-1, having dietary protein of 17.5%; R2-2, having dietary protein of 16.0%; R3-1, having dietary protein of 19.0%; R3-2, having dietary protein of 17.5%; R4-1, having dietary protein of 20.5%; R4-2, having dietary protein of 19.0%; R5-1, having dietary protein of 22% and R5-2, having dietary protein of 20.5%. The energy content of all dietary treatments was the same for all treatments 2800 kkal ME/kg. The hens were then grouped into the treatment as the treatment groups of growing period of 12-22 weeks. Hens were then raised on laying diet, containing 17.11% CP (crude protein) with 2728 kcal ME/kg. The results showed that the change of dietary treatment, given during growing period, influenced (P < 0,05) first lay weight, first egg weight, weight gain, egg weight, egg width, egg volume of KUB hens age of 22-42 weeks. And the dietary protein treatment, given during starter and growing period, influenced (P < 0.05) first lay body weight, first lay age, feed consumption, egg weight, egg length, egg width of KUB hens age of 22-42 weeks. Key Words: KUB Chicken, Starting and Growing Dietary Protein, Egg Production

98 - 103

Authors: Hendra Herdian, L. Istiqomah, A. Febrisiantosa, D. Setiabudi

Many studies have reported that the Morinda citrifolia (pace plant) was a useful material for human health. However the exploration of this plant on rumen fermentation is still needed. Therefore, a research was done to study the effect of M. citrifolia leaf on fermentation characteristics of rumen fluid consisted of protozoa defaunated process, VFA composition, NH3 content, rumen microbial protein content, gas and methane production using in vitro techniques. Rumen fluid obtained from two fistulated Ongole crossbreed cattle fed with forage and concentrate feed ration (70 : 30). The fluid was incubated at 39ºC for 48 hours. The treatment on the rumen fluid consisted of control treatment: 100% (200 mg DM) kolonjono forage substrate (Penisetum purpureum) and M. citrifolia treatments: kolonjono forage plus M. citrifolia (equivalent saponin) 3; 6; 9; and 12 mg DM, respectively. The treatment of M. citrifolia leaf addition showed declined patterns in the number of protozoa population (P < 0.05) compared to control. There was no effect of M. citrifolia treatment on VFA composition and NH3 content (P > 0.05). Microbial protein content in rumen fluid increased (P < 0.05) by M. citrifolia treatments compared to control. Effect of M. citrifolia treatments on the gas production was not significantly different (P > 0.05) compared to control, while M. citrifolia treatments reduced the methane gas production of (P < 0.05) compared to control. It was concluded that M. citrifolia leaf has potential as a limiting agent of protozoa population and methane gas production in rumen. Key words: M. citrifolia, Defaunated, Saponin, In Vitro

112 - 125

Authors: Bambang Ngaji Utomo, R.R. Noor, c. Sumantri, I Supriatna, E.D. Gurnadi

Katingan cattle is one of Indonesian animal genetic resources located in Katingan District, Central Kalimantan. The Katingan cattle is predicted to be extint, therefore it is necessary to conserve the cattle. Breed characterization is the primary step in any conservation program. Characterization was done using 10 microsatellite markers to evaluate the genetic diversity of Katingan Cattle in three subpopulations and their genetic relationship with some other local cattle. A total number of 72 random whole blood of Katingan samples consisted of Pendahara (20 samples), Buntut Bali (20 samples), and Tumbang Lahang (32 samples) were used. The samples of Bali, PO, and Limousine Cattle were 11, 6, and 3 respectivelly. The number of 136 aleles were found with the variation from 9 aleles (ILSTS089) to 18 aleles (ILSTS013) and the average of the alele was 13.6 aleles per locus. A number of alel from Tumbang Lahang was higher (10.8 aleles) than Pendahara (10.4 aleles) and Buntut Bali subpopulation (7.3 aleles). Some loci produced polymorphic diagnostic aleles which varied from 1-7 types of allele. HEL013 and BM1818 had four aleles, while ILSTS026 and ILSTS089 had five and six aleles respectively. ILSTS029 and ILSTS036 had seven aleles. The diagnostic aleles were also found in Tumbang Lahang subpopulastion, as well as in Pendahara, and Buntut Bali. Heterozigositas values of Pendahara, Buntut Bali, and Tumbang Lahang subpopulation were 0.454, 0.478, and 0.529 respectively. While the average of heterozigositas (Ĥ) was 0.492. Subpopulation of Tumbang Lahang was closer genetically to Pendahara (0.169) than Buntut Bali (0.173) and also the subpopulation was closer genetically to PO cattle (0.259) when compared to Buntut Bali (0.311) and Pendahara (0.329). The population of Katingan cattle was within one kluster with PO Cattle. Key Words: Katingan Cattle, Microsatellite, Genetic Diversity

140 -152

Authors: Sri Usmiati, W. Broto, H. Setiyanto

Dadih is an original dairy product from West Sumatera processed traditionally. It is a spontaneous fermentation of buffalo milk at room temperature for 48 hours in a bamboo tube, has no standard of processing and quality. Dadih is potentially to be develop into probiotic products (functional food) that can be enjoyed by the public widely. Development of cow's milk dadih is necessary since buffalo milk is available only in certain area. Product and characteristic information of cow milk dadih using probiotic of lactic acid bacteria starter has not been known. The research objective was to determine the characteristics of cow milk dadih that used starter of probiotic lactic acid bacteria during storage at room temperature (27oC) and cold temperature (4oC). The study was designed using a factorial randomized block design pattern 12x3 at room temperature and 12X4 at cold temperatures, with the number of repeatation of 3 times. Treatment consisted of: (i) starter formula (A) using a single bacterium or a combination of Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus casei and Bifidobacterium longum, and (ii) storage time (B). Observed parameters included pH value, titrable acidity, the total plate count, and in-vitro probiotic testing (bacterial resistance to bile salts and low pH) of cow milk dadih. The results showed that L. acidophilus early exponential phase was at the hour 3rd, L. casei at the hour 4th and B. longum on the 3rd of which is used as the optimum time of mixing two or more bacteria in the manufacture of cow milk dadih. The volume of starter used was 3% with time fermentation of 48 hours at room temperature (27-30oC). Cow milk dadih that was stored for 7 days at room temperature (27-30oC) and for 21 days at cold temperatures (4-10oC) was able to maintain viability of bacteria to bile salts and low pH at 1010-1012 cfu/ml with percentage resistance varied. The cow milk dadih using a combination starter of B. longum with other probiotics on the composition of 1:1 had a resistance to bile salts which were relatively constant after the dadih was kept for 21 days at cold temperature. Cow milk dadih with a starter of probiotic bacteria still qualify as a probiotic product with good quality that storaged up to 4 days at room temperature and 21 days in cold temperatures. Key Words: Dadih, Probiotic, Lactobacillus Acidophilus, Lactobacillus Casei, Bifidobacterium Longum

1 - 8

Authors: B Santoso, B.Tj. Hariadi, Alimuddin ., D.Y. Seseray

Silage is the feedstuff resulted from the preservation of forages through lactic acid fermentation. The aim of this study was to evaluate nutritive value, fermentation characteristics and nutrients digestibility of rice crop residue based silage ensiled with epiphytic lactic acid bacteria (LAB). The mixture of rice crop residue (RC), soybean curd residue (SC) and cassava waste (CW) in a 90: 5: 5 (on dry matter basis) ratio was used as silage material. Three treatments silage were (A) RC + SC + CW as a control; (B) RC + SC + CW + LAB inoculums from rice crop residue; (C) RC + SC + CW + LAB inoculums from king grass. Silage materials were packed into plastic silo (1.5 kg capacity) and stored for 30 days. The results showed that crude protein content in B and C silage was higher than that of silage A, but NDF content in silages B and C was lower than that of silage A. Lactic acid concentration was higher (P < 0.01) in silage C compared to silage B and A, thus pH value of silage C was lower (P < 0.01) than silage B and A. Silage C had the highest Fleigh point than that of other silages. Dry matter and organic matter digestibilities were higher in silages B and C (P < 0.01) than that of control silage. It was concluded that the addition of LAB inoculums from king grass to rice crop residue based silage resulted a better fermentation quality compared to LAB inoculums from rice crop residue. Key Words: Silage, Rice Crop Residue, Lactic Acid, In Vitro

17 - 24

Authors: Supriyati ., B Haryanto

Palm kernel cake has a relatively high protein content, however its degradability in the rumen is high resulting in loosing its function as protein source for ruminant. This experiment was aimed toinvestigate the effect of feeding molasses protected palm kernel cake (BIS-M) on growth of young male Ettawah Grade (Peranakan Etawah = PE) goat. Twenty four (24) PE goats were divided into 4 groups and allocated to respective feeding BIS-M treatments. The treatments were R0 = control (without BIS-M), R1 = 15% BIS-M, R2 = 30% BIS-M and R3 = 45% BIS-M. The concentrate was fed at 400 gh-1d-1 for each individual in all treatment groups, while napier grass (Pennisetum purpureum) was offered ad libitum. The live weight of the goats were between 17-18 kg at the beginning of experiment. Feeding trial was carried out for 14 weeks consisting of 2 weeks for preliminary and 12 weeks for growth performance period. The digestibility study of the nutrient was carried out during the last 7 days of the experiment. The experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design with 6 replications. Drinking water was available at any time. Feed intake was recorded daily while the body weight was recorded every 2 weeks. The parameters of observation were feed intake, live weight gain, nutrient digestibility and feed conversion ratio. The results indicated that the dietary treatments affected the intake and digestibility of nutrients, average daily gain and feed conversion ratio (P < 0.05). The total feed dry matter intakes were 599,30; 620,74; 690,19 and 740,04 gh-1d-1 with DM and Protein digestibility of 64.74 and 75.99; 67.47 and 73.05; 70.06 and 73.02; and 72.88 and 72.25% respectively for R0, R1, R2 and R3. The ADG were 42.06; 52.78; 61.90 and 70.24 g; with feed conversion ratio of 14.68; 10.51; 9.08; and 9.85 for R0, R1, R2 and R3. It was concluded that BIS-M can be used as source of protein with optimal utilization level at 30% of the concentrate. Key Words: Palm Kernel Cake, Molasses, Ettawah Grade goats, Performance

33 - 40

Authors: Dwi Yulistiani, I-W. Mathius, W. Puastuti

Study was conducted to evaluate the optimal utilization of protected soy bean meal with secondary compound from banana stem juice in ration for sheep and its effect on sheep performance. Soy bean meal was mixed with banana stem juice at ratio 1:1 (w/v) then dried in the oven at temperature 90oC. This protected soy bean meal was used to substitute commercial concentrate in sheep ration. The experiment used 24 head male lamb Sumatera composite breed. The lambs were grouped into six group based on its body weight and was assigned to one of 4 diets treatment. The sheep was fed on grass basal diet and supplemented with commercial concentrate. Data recorded were feed consumption, nutrient digestibility, average daily gain, feed efficiency and nitrogen utilization. Study was conducted in randomized complete block design and data obtained were analyzed using general linier model from SAS program. Results show that dry matter intake (DMI) significantly (P < 0.05) increased with concentrate substitution by protected soy bean meal, however, there was no significant different (P > 0.05) between R10, R20 and R30. The increasing in DMI is followed by the increasing crude protein (CP) from 8.75 (R0) to 10.64; 11.68 and 12.32 g/BB0.75 respectively for R10; R20 and R30. Commercial concentrate substitution by protected soy bean meal significantly increased DM and CP digestibility at all levels. However, this substitution did not significantly affected organic matter (OM), neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) digestibility. Nitrogen excretion in urine was only increased at this level 30% substitution but nitrogen retention increased at substitution levels 20 and 30%. From this study can be concluded that commercial concentrate substitution with protected soy bean meal in the diet only increased CP consumption and CP digestibility but not average daily gain of lamb. Key Words: Soy Bean Meal, Tannin, Protein, Banana Stem Juice

49 - 60

Authors: Aron Batubara, R.R. Noor, A. Farajallah, B. Tiesnamurti, M. Doloksaribu

Indonesian local goats were spread in some region, but there was still limited data’s known about the characteristics of its genetic diversity and origin. The Mitochondrial DNA D-loop sequences were used to study the genetic diversity and relationships of six sub population Indonesian local goats, namely, Kacang, Marica, Samosir, Jawarandu, Muara and Bengali goats. From 539 blood samples and DNA extraction collections were selected about 60 samples (10 samples each sub populations) analyzed by PCR-RFLP methods, followed sequence analyzed about 5 PCR products each sub population. The results of the sequence analyses were edited and acquired about 957 bp of nucleotides length. After the alignment analyses were found 50 polymorphic sites which divided into 19 haplotype groups of mtDNA D-loop region. The value of nucleotide diversity was 0.014 ± 0.002. Analysis of Neighbour Joining with Kimura 2 Parameter methods and bootstrap test with 1000 replication indicated that each sub population groups was significantly different between one groups to the others. The maternal lineages origin of six breeds of Indonesian local goats was included to the group of lineage B. The Lineage B was the maternal origin of the haplogroup of goats in the region of East Asia, South Asia, China, Mongolia, North and South Africa, Malaysia, Indonesia, Pakistan and India. Key words: Genetic Diversity, mtDNA D-loop, Haplotypes, Local Goats

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Authors: N.L.P. Indi Dharmayanti

The mutation and genetic variation of avian influenza virus ussually associated with Hemmaglutinin (HA) and Neuraminidase (NA). The HA and NA protein are surface glycoproteins which have role for receptor binding site of the virus, determine virus subtype and genetic variation occured in those proteins. On the other site, the virus have the internal protein that posses function for virus replication. This study analyzed the mutation on the the internal protein virus especially the Matrix (M1) and non structural (NS1) protein and its three dimensioanal structure of proteins. The methods used in this study were virus propagation, (Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction) RT-PCR sequencing of M1 and NS1 and using DS Modeller dan DS Standalone from Discovery Studio for Modeling and Simulation to predict the three dimentional structure of the proteins. The result of this study showed that Indonesian AI H5N1 subtype had genetic variation internal protein and have no change on conserved of condition such as putative zinc finger and nuclear localization signal (NLS). Genetic variation that occured on PDZ motif of NS1 especially have human origin motif that might be correlated with virus adaptation on human. Key Words: Avian Influenza, Matrix (M1), Non Structural (NS1), Genetic Variation