Indonesian Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences

253 - 259

Authors: Sofjan Iskandar

One hundred unsexed chicks of each group of Kedu x Arab cross, of Arab x Arab and of Kedu x Kedu were kept under intensive husbandry for about 52 days (from 32 to 84 days of age). Each group was allocated to 10 cages of 10 unsexed birds. Experimental rations consisted of main ingredients of ground yellow corn, soybean meal, rice bran and fishmeal. Experimental ration were R1 containing energy of 2920 kkal ME/kg with crude protein of 15.17%. R2a contained energy of 3087 kkal ME/kg with crude protein of 7.36% and R2b contained energy of 2336 kkal ME/kg with crude protein of 42,51%. R1 ration was given ad libitum for 24 hours and R2a ration was given from 08.00 a.m.–12.00 p.m. and continued with R2b ration was given up to 8.00 a.m. in the following day. Results showed that live bodyweight and bodyweight gain were not significantly different among the three groups of chicken. Feed consumption of Kedu x Arab cross was significantly lower than that of Kedu x Kedu nor Arab x Arab. Feed conversion ratio of Kedu x Arab cross was also significantly lower (3.74) than its comparative groups. Birds on R1 ration grew faster (804 g/bird) than that on R2a-R2b ration (738 g/bird) with feed consumption of 2135 g bird-1 52 day-1 on R1 ration versus 2338 g bird-1 52 day-1 on R2a-R2b ration. FCR of the birds were lower on R1 ration (3.44) than on R2a-R2b ration (4.26). Energy consumption, protein consumption, protein efficiency ratio, energy efficiency ratio did not show significant different among the three groups of chicken, but for all those variables under R1 ration were significantly higher than for those under R2a-R2b ration. Whole carcass and carcass cuts were not significantly affected by neither the kind of chickens nor dietary treatments. Development of liver was the slowest among development of other carcass cuts and organs, whilst development of breast meat was 4.4–6.0 times, and drumstick meat was 4.6–6.6 times. Key Words: Kedu x Arab Cross Chicken, Growth, Carcass

268 - 273

Authors: Simon P Ginting, Andi Tarigan

The availability of forages is a critical factor that determine the sustainability of the animal-plantation production system. In this typical production system, cover crops could be an important sources of forages to support the animal production. The study is aimed to evaluate the nutritional quality (chemical compositions, intake, digestibility and N balances) of herbaceous legumes namely Arachis pintoi and Arachis glabrata having potential for used as alternative cover crops in plantation. Centerocema pubescens, a conventional cover crops used in plantation, was used as control. Twenty-one mature male goats (16-18 kg) were used in this experiment. The animals were put in individual metabolism cages, divided into three groups (7 animal per group) based on the body weight, and were randomly allocated into one of the three forages. The experiment was run in a Completely Randomized Design. The animals were allocated to an adaptation period for 14 days, followed by intake measurement for 5 days and fecal and urine collection for the next 7 days. During the fecal and urine collection forages were offered at 90% of the maximum intake. Chemical analyses showed that the DM and OM contents were relatively equal among the forages, but the crude protein content of C. pubescens (23.56%) are relatively higher than those of A. pintoi (16.94%) or of A. glabrata (15.19%) The fiber (NDF) content was also relatively higher in C. pubescens (59.37%) than in A. pintoi (16.94%) or A. glabrata (41.50%). The forage intake was highest (P<0.05) in goats fed C. pubescens (493 g/d), and were not different (P>0.05) between goats fed A. pintoi (466 g/d) or A. glabrata (453 g/d). A similar trend was seen when intake was expressed as % BW (3.80, 3.50 and 3.40, respectively) or as g/kg BW0.75 (42.4, 39.5 and 38.4, respectively). The digestion coeficient of DM (81.3%) or OM (83.5%) were highest (P<0.05) in A. pintoi and were not different (P>0.05) between A. glabrata (71.9 and 73.2%, respectively) and C. pubescens (73.7 and 74.2%, respectively). The trends were the same with the digestion coeficient of ADF and the energy. The ADF digestibility were 67.8, 55.9 and 54.5% in A. pintoi, A. glabrata and C. pubescens, respectively). The energy digestibility were 81.8, 67.5 and 69.4% in A. pintoi, A. glabrata and C. pubescens, respectively. The N balances were positive in goats fed these three forages, but the highest (P<0.05) N retention was observed in goats offered C. pubescens (17.7 g/d) as compared to those fed A. pintoi (9.4 g/d) or A. glabrata (7.7 g/d). The higher intake level in goats fed C. pubescens and its higher N content seemed to be the main reason for the highest N retention. It is concluded that based on these nutritive parameters, C. Pubescens has superior nutritive quality compared to A. pintoi and A. glabrata, while the A. pintoi seemed to be better than the A. glabrata. Key Words: Legumes, Cover Crops, Nutritive Quality, Goats

281 - 285

Authors: Fitra Aji Pamungkas

Genetic parameter estimation for production traits are important in designing genetic selection program for Kampung chicken. The aimed of this research is to study heritability, accuracy of selection, and phenotypic and genotypic correlation of hatched weight and body weight at 12 weeks of Kampung chicken. Five hundred and fourteen head of Kampung chicken consist of 13 cocks, 65 hens, and 436 chicks were used in this study. Nested design analysis were used as described by Becker. The heritability estimation of hatched weight was calculated based on paternal half-sib, maternal half-sib, and full-sib corelation and it’s values were 0.35, 0.37, and 0.36 respectively. Heritability of body weight at 12 weeks based on paternal half-sib, maternal half-sib, and full-sib corelation were 0.27, 0.18, and 0.22 respectively. Selection accuracy of hatched weight were 59-61%, and selection accuracy of body weight at 12 weeks were 42 up to 52%. Genotypic and phenotypic correlation of hatched weight and body weight at 12 weeks estimation based on paternal half-sib, maternal half-sib, full-sib corelation were 0.29, 0.78, 0.51, and 0.17 respectively, indicated selection on one trait will affected the response on other traits positively. Key Words: Heritability, Selection, Kampung Chicken

293 - 304

Authors: Beriajaya

These studies were carried out in three locations representing low, medium and high altitudes in West Java to determine the effects of season, climate, management, growth and mortality on nematode parasitism in sheep and goats. Basically, the animals in each location were divided into treated and untreated groups with anthelmintics. Animals were weighed and faecal samples were collected every 2 to 4 weeks. Haemonchus contortus and Trichostrongylus spp. were the predominant species of gastrointestinal nematodes recovered from faecal cultures. In low altitude areas, faecal egg counts dropped progressively throughout the dry season and rose again with the onset of the wet season. The proportion of H. contortus larvae decreased progressively throughout the dry season and increased with the onset of the wet season, however the opposite pattern occurred with proportions of larvae of Trichostrongylus spp. In medium altitude areas, there was no consistent pattern of rising or falling faecal egg counts associated with fluctuations in rainfall. In high altitude areas, there was a trend for egg counts to increase progressively after the onset of the wet season even faecal egg counts were below 1500 epg. After treated with anthelmintics, faecal egg counts were suppressed to only few eggs in two weeks and then rose again in four week later, however in animals received medicated phenothiazine, mean egg counts were maintained below 500 epg. Treated animals in medium areas maintained low egg counts until the end of the trial. Seasonal fluctuation in weight gain of sheep was observed in low areas. Treated animals had significantly lower mortality than untreated animals but the evidence that parasitism contributed to this mortality is persuasive. It was concluded that nematode parasites cause a significant loss of production in sheep during wet season in coastal regions and in areas of rainfall throughout the year. Key Words: Sheep, Goat, Nematode, Anthelmintic

315 - 321

Authors: R Indriani, N.L.P.I Dharmayanti, T Syafriati, A Wiyono, R.M.A Adjid

A preliminary study related on vaccine safety and vaccination effectivity for controlling avian influenza (AI) subtype H5N1 was carried out at Virology Laboratorium, Indonesian Veteriner Institute, Bogor. A Prototype of inactivated vaccine was made using AI H5N1 local isolate (A/Chicken/West Java/67-2/2003). The vaccine was then tested for safety and protection in DOC of layers. Antibody response, protection and shedding virus challenge were observed in the experiment. Result showed that the vaccine was saved and protected against virulent viral challenge. Efective vaccination was achieved at 3 weeks chicken old started with low level of antibody. Antibody titre increased gradually and reached the top at 8 weeks post vaccination. Challenge test using AI virulent at the age of 4 and 8 weeks post vaccination showed that the vaccine gave high protection (90%). Viral shedding was not longer expressed than 7 days after challenge. It is concluded that this prototype is a satisfied AI vaccine in laboratory level. Key Words: Vaccine, Avian Influenza, H5N1, HPAI

169 - 174

Authors: Tiurma Pasaribu, A.P Sinurat, Susana I.W Rakhman

An experiment was conducted to study the use of Aloe vera bioactives as feed additives on the performances of laying hens. The Aloe vera bioactives was prepared as the dry gel (DG) and semi liquid gel (SLG). The Aloe vera was suplemented into the diets with concentration of equal to 0.5 and 1.0 g DG/kg diets. Diets contained commercial anthraquinone, a bioactive compound of Aloe vera with doses equal to 0.5 g DG and 1.0 dg/kg were also prepared. Diets were compared to control diets containing with and without antibiotic. Two hundred of fifty six laying hens strain Isa Brown aged 19 weeks were used for the experiment. Each treatment had 8 replicates with 4 hens in each replicate. The treatments were carried out for 30 weeks and parameters measured were egg production (% hen day/HD), egg weight, feed conversion ratio (FCR), feed consumption, egg quality, and mortality. Results showed that feed consumption was not significantly different (P>0.05), however DG 1.0 g/kg and anthraquinone 0.5 g/kg tended to decrease the feed consumption. Egg production was not significantly affected by antibiotic, DG, SLG, or anthraquinone (0.5 g/kg), but anthraquinone 1.0 g/kg had more egg production than control. Higher concentration of DG, SLG, and anthraquinone 1.0 g/kg gave better FCR than those of lower dosage (0.5 g/kg). Haugh unit was not affected by the treatment while yolk weight, egg shell and shell weight was significantly decreased by anthraquinone 0.5 g/kg (P<0.05). Mortality from all treatments was only 1.6%. It was concluded that treated by anthraquinone was better than that by Aloe vera, however, they were not significantly different. For the healthy reason, the use of Aloe vera is more saver than the use of anthraquinone. Key Words: Bioactives, Productivity, Layer

182 - 189

Authors: N.D Purwantari, E Sutedi

Rifampicin mutants of rhizobial strain CB3171rif50 and CB3090rif100 were the most effective nitrogen fixing strain of rhizobia selected under axenic condition. An experiment was conducted to evaluate the symbiotic response of C. Calothyrsus inoculated by CB3171rif50 or CB3090rif100 grown in the field, on latosol soil with pH 5,2. Plants were either (1) inoculated with mutant strain CB3171rif50, (2) inoculated with mutant strain mutant CB3090rif100 (3) uninoculated and without nitrogen addition or (4) uninoculated and with nitrogen fertilizer as a basal fertilizer. Treatments were replicated four times and arranged in Randomized Complete Block Design. Parameters measured were plant height at early stage of the growth, leaf weight, stem weight, nodule number and weight, proportion of nodule formed by inoculant, N and P content of leaf. Results shows that C. calothyrsus was responded to Rhizobium inoculation. The rate of regrowth was faster for the inoculated plant than that of uninoculated and no nitrogen addition. CB3171rif50 produced significantly (P<0.05) the highest leaf fresh and dry weight. At the first harvest (10 month-old of plant) it produced 2106 g/tree that equivalent to 18.72 ton/ha. The lowest was achieved by uninoculated plant which was 556 g/tree that equivalent to 4.94 ton/ha. The production of shoot was increased at the subsequent harvests. CB3171rif50 was out yielded in all harvest, except for the second harvest. The highest total production of leaf fresh weight was obtained by plant inoculated with strain mutan CB3171rif50 which was 50.62 ton ha-1 year-1, followed by CB3090rif100, which was 39.75 ton ha-1 year-1 and the lowest was obtained by uninoculated plant, in a range of 29.64–30.62 ton ha-1 year-1. Nodule recovery shows that nodule samples from uninoculated plant were not resistant to 50 ppm and 100 ppm rifampicin antibiotic that means not producing mutant strain, indicating that those nodules were from the native rhizobial strains. Recovery of nodules showed that proportion of nodules infected by strain mutant CB3171rif50 was 61.3% from nodules tested and nodules infected by CB3090rif100 was 20%. Both mutant strains inoculation have increased the plant production and reinoculation was not necessary till 19 month-old of the plant. Re-inoculation should be considered after this period. Key Words: Calliandra calothyrsus, Rhizobium, Mutant, Inoculation

200 - 207

Authors: Dyah Haryuningtyas

Evidence of anthelmintic resistance of Haemonchus contortus to benzimidazole groups based on Larval development assay (LDA) and Fecal egg count reduction test (FECRT) test has been reported in some areas in Indonesia. Studies on sheep parasite H. contortus have shown that resistance to benzimidazole drugs is correlated with selection for individuals in the population possesing a spesific isotype-1 β tubulin gene. The aim of this study was to determine mutation on central part of isotype-1 β tubulin gene of benzimidazole resistant strain H. contortus using Single Strand Conformation Polymorphism (SSCP). H. contortus worms were isolated from four sheep from two government farms that resistance to benzimidazole have been occurred (SPTD Trijaya, Kuningan, West Java and UPTD Pelayanan Kesehatan Hewan, Bantul, Yogyakarta) and one sheep that susceptible from Cicurug, Bogor, West Java as a kontrol. Resistance status to benzimidazole was reexamined individually with LDA and FECRT before sheep slaughtered. DNA was extracted from female H. contortus worms. A fragment of 520 bp isotype- 1 β tubulin gene was amplified using Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and then analyze using SSCP. The results showed that there were polymorphism in isotype-1 β tubulin gene among H. contortus susceptible (Cicurug, Bogor, Jawa Barat) and two H. contortus resistant strains from SPTD Trijaya, Kuningan, West Java and UPTD Pelayanan Kesehatan Hewan, Bantul, Yogyakarta. Mutation occurred in the different nucleotide of the two resistant strain. Key Words: Haemonchus contortus, Benzimidazole, Isotype-1 β tubulin gene, SSCP

217 - 226

Authors: N.L.P.I. Dharmayanti, R Indriani, R Damayanti, A Wiyono, R.M.A. Adjid

Second wave of epidemic avian influenza occurred from December 2004 until April 2005. In March 2005, the disease had infected some districts in South Sulawesi such as Wajo and Sopeng. More than 21 field isolates have been collected and identified as avian influenza virus subtype H5N1. In this study further characterized was undertaken for 14 isolates of avian influenza using Reverse Transcriptase-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) and sequencing in region of HA1 gene. It was then followed by genetic analysis to identify the mutation and phylogenetic relationship of the isolates. The study indicates that the Indonesia isolates collected in second wave epidemic are generally having a different group to the isolates group in 2003 and 2004. There is point mutation in the nucleotide sequence of the isolate collected at August 2004-March 2005, that is the replacement of adenine by guanine in the position of 195. Key Words: Avian Influenza Virus, Second Epidemic Wave, Mutation

236 - 241

Authors: Sjamsul Bahri, R Maryam, R Widiastuti

In the last few years, poultry industries (broiler and laying hens) in Indonesia are faced on several problems, vaccination for instance, which suspected relate to highly-contaminated aflatoxins in feeds. The aim of this study is to give recent information on aflatoxin contamination in feeds, feed ingredients, and foods originated from some districts in Lampung and East Java provinces. The results of the study indicated that the percentage of aflatoxin B1 contamination in corn, commercial feeds, and peanuts in Lampung were 86.7, 70.0 and 80.0% with the average levels of 31.5, 13.5 and 32.2 μg/kg, respectively. Low levels of the other aflatoxins (AFB2, AFG1, and AFG2) were also detected in the samples. The highest percentage of aflatoxin contamination was found in samples from retailer (100%), followed by samples from traditional markets (91.7%), poultry shops (76.9), and a feed company (33.3%). The average levels of aflatoxin found were 58.8, 34.3, 17.8 and 2.9 μg/kg, respectively. In East Java, AFB1 was detected in all samples (corn, rice bran, concentrate and commercial feeds) on the average levels of 25.4, 69.7, 134.2 and 30.7 μg/kg respectively. The levels of AFG1 on the samples from East Java were much more higher than those of from Lampung, as well as the percentage. Key Words: Aflatoxins, Feed, Feed Ingredients, Lampung, East Java

85 - 89

Authors: The effect of aloe vera bioactive level as feed additive on the egg performances of laying hens

A study on the use of aloe vera bioactives as feed additive in layer ration was conducted. One hundred and twenty pullets strain Isa Brown were allocated into 5 treatments with 6 replicates and 4 birds/replicate. The treatments were: control,control+antibiotic (50 ppm zinc bacitracin), and control+ aloe vera at three levels (0.25; 0.50 and 1.00 g/kg). The treatments were conducted in a completely randomized design. Parameter measured were first initial body weight, age at 1st lay, feed intake, egg weight, hen day (%HD) and feed conversion ratio. The results showed that antibiotic and aloe vera used as additive for 9 months production did not significantly (P<0.05) affect all parameter measured, except feed intake of hens fed diet containing 0.5 g/kg aloe vera was significantly (P<0.05) higher than control. The addition of aloe vera at 1.0 g/kg significantly (P<0.05) reduced the feed intake as compared with the control, aloe vera 0.25 and 0.50 g/kg. The used of aloe vera (1.00 g/kg) produced egg weight significantly (P<0.05) higher than the control, and feed conversion ratio was significantly (P<0.05) better than the control and aloe vera (0.25 g/kg). It is concluded that the best treatment was the diet with aloe vera level at 1.00 g/kg. This treatment improved feed efficiency 8.40%. Key Words: Bioactive, Egg Production, Layer

96 - 105

Authors: Maijon Purba, P.S Hardjosworo, L.H Prasetyo, D.R Ekastuti

Moulting is a biological condition that can happen in poultry. It is resulted from the complex interaction which involves the function of thyroxine hormone. Moulting can reduce or even stop the egg production. A study was conducted to observe the moulting patterns of local ducks (Alabio and Mojosari) and to determine the relation of moulting with blood lipids (triglycerides), egg production and quality. Each breed consisted of ten female dukcs were observed for moulting pattern, blood triglycerides, egg production and quality. Fourty ducks were used for simulation of egg production. Data from moulting patterns,egg production and quality were analyzed using t-based on Least Square means with Statistical Analysis System. The relation of breeds and moulting patterns with triglycerides were analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) for a completely randomized design in a factorial arrangement of 2x2. The main factor was kind of breeds, while the subfactor was the period of moulting, before and during moulting. There were not interaction in every variables between both factors. The average moulting periode of Alabio was significantly (P<0.05) shorter than that of Mojosari (69 vs 76 days). There were 40% of Alabio ducks moulting for 61-70 days, while 40% of Mojosari ducks moulting for 71-80 days. Egg production of Alabio ducks before and after moulting were higher than those Mojosari ducks. The triglycerides content of Alabio and Mojosari ducks was decreased during moulting, in Alabio ducks they were 32.02 and 27.64 μg/ml before and during moulting, while in Mojosari ducks they were 32.83 and 29.32 μg/ml respectively. Egg weight, albumin weight, yolk weight, and haugh unit of the two breeds increased after moulting, while yolk colour decreased. The average yolk colour of Alabio ducks before and after moulting were 6.90 and 5.11, while in Mojosari ducks they were 7.90 and 4.60 respectively. Key Words: Moulting, Tryglycerides, Egg Productivity, Egg Quality

113 - 117

Authors: Reny Debora Tambunan, N.P Roxas, D Pamungkas

Only limited work has been done to assess the potential of Philippines native goat in terms of conformation and component parts of the carcass. Thus, an experiment has been conducted at Institute of Animal Science, University of the Philippines os Baños, Philippines to determine carcass and lean-fat-bone yield of different cuts of chevon from Philippine native goat. Result showed that among the wholesale cuts of chevon, shoulder had significantly higher separable lean content (8.80% of LW) than leg, loin, rib, and neck. Based on % wholesale cuts (WC), however, the leg had significantly higher value (69.18%) than the other chevon cuts. Loin had significantly higher separable fat (1.67% of LW) than the other chevon cuts. Shoulder had significantly higher separable bone (4.62% of LW). Based on %WC, however, rib had significantly higher separable bone (53.36%) than the other cuts. The shoulder had significantly higher boneless recovery (9.39% of LW) than other chevon cuts. Key Words: Chevon, Carcass, Live Weight, Wholesale Cut

127 - 133

Authors: N.L.P.I. Dharmayanti, R Damayanti, R Indriani, A Wiyono, R.M.A. Adjid

Avian influenza outbreaks in poultry have been reported in Java island since August 2003. A total of 14 isolates of avian influenza virus has been isolated from October 2003 to October 2004. The viruses have been identified as HPAI H5N1 subtype. All of them were characterized further at genetic level and also for their pathogenicity. Phylogenetic analysis showed all of the avian influenza virus isolates were closely related to avian influenza virus from China (A/Duck/China/E319-2/03(H5N1). Molecular basis of pathogenicity in HA cleavage site indicated that the isolates of avian influenza virus have multiple basic amino acid (B-X-B-R) indicating that all of the isolates representing virulent avian influenza virus (highly pathogenic avian influenza virus). Key Words: Avian Influenza Virus, Molecular Characterization, Poultry, Indonesia

143 - 149

Authors: Djaenudin Gholib

Aspergillosis detection by using serological method has not been reported in Indonesia. In this case, a study was conducted, by using mycelium extract of A. fumigatus as the antigen. Rabbits and chickens were injected with the antigen to produce positive serum (antiserum). The antigen and antiserum were tested serologicaly by Immunodiffusion/Agar Gel Precipitation (AGP), ELISA and Immunoblot. Chicken serum of broiler and layer collected from field were also included in the test. All positive serum of the experimentally animals gave positive results with all methods of serological tests. No bands of precipitation reaction in AGP test with chicken serum from the field. Both chicken and rabbit positive serum with ELISA test showed high Optical Density (OD), while field chicken serum from broiler commonly gave lower OD compared to layer. Immunoblot test of chicken positive serum showed bands of reaction with the antigen in nitrocellulose membrane, approximately on 33, 38, 44, 52, 70, 77, 97, and 110 kDa, meanwhile field chicken serum with high OD in ELISA test, showed bands approximately on 16, 18, 33, 38, 44, 47, 52, 70, 77, 84, 97, and 110 kDa. It means that the field chicken serum contain immunoglobulin molecules has spesific antibody of aspergillus antigen. It is concluded that the ELISA test can be used for screening on chicken aspergillosis in serological methode. Key Words: Antigen, Aspergillus fumigatus, Serology, Chicken

160 - 168

Authors: Sjamsul Bahri, R Widiastuti, Y Mustikaningsih

Aflatoxins are toxic compounds which occurred in cereals especially low qualities corn and peanuts. Aflatoxins are mutagenic, teratogenic and carcinogenic. The presence of aflatoxin in food including derived food in Indonesia had been observed, however, the observation on its toxicity effect is still limited. This research was conducted to study the effect of innoculation of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) on the development of embryonic chicken egg, mortality and hatchability. The AFB1 was innoculated 10 μl in each 5 days age embryonic egg through air sacs dosaged 0; 15,6; 31,2; 62,5; 125 and 250 ng. The results showed that hatchability of those embryos were 66, 28, 26, 16, 0 and 0% respectively for 0; 15,6; 31,2; 62,5; 125 and 250 ng innoculation of AFB1. Innoculation of AFB1 caused malformation of the embryos, malabsorbtion of the yolk egg. The weight of hatched eggs was not significantly different in each group, eventhough there was a tendency that high AFB1 innoculation will decreased the live weight. Key Words: Aflatoxin B1, Toxicity, Chick Embryo

1 - 5

Authors: Rantan Krisnan

The purpose of this experiment is to find out the effect of Aspergillus niger fermented tea waste (Camellia sinensis) in feed on body weight gain, protein efficiency and percentage of carcass of broiler. The experiment was conducted in a Completely Randomized Design using 100 day old chicks (DOC) Avian CP-707 strain. The animal were devided into five treatments of ration. Each treatment was replicated four times. All dietary treatment were formulated based on fermented tea-waste content, namely: RO (0.0%), R1 (2.5%), R2 (5.0%), R3 (7.5%), and R4 (10.0%). The results indicated that broilers gave the best responses to the R1 (2.5% fermented tea-waste) to all measured parameters. Positive responses also observed in broilers given ration containing fermented tea-waste up to the level 7.5%, however, at the level 10.0% decreased body weight gain, but the protein efficiency and the carcass percentage were equal to the R0 (control ration). Key Words: Fermented Tea-Waste, Body Weight Gain, Protein Efficiency, Carcass, Broiler

12 - 16

Authors: J Wattimena, M Veerman

The main objective of this research was to obtain the effect of sheep serum (SS) and estrus sheep serum (ESS) on in vitro maturation oocyte and ovine fertilization. This study was carried out in experimental laboratory in animal reproduction laboratory, Faculty of Animal Husbandry, Padjadjaran University. Results showed that treatments significantly (P<0,05) influenced on maturation rate for germinal vesicle (GV), germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD), metaphase-I (M-I) and metaphase-II (M-II), but no significantly (P>0.05) results observed on ovine in vitro fertilization (1, 2 and >2 pronuclei). Concentration of 10-20% ESS in CR1aa media were significantly (P<0,05) better than that of SS on maturation rate of ovine oocyte. Key Words: Sheep Serum, Estrus Sheep Serum, Maturation, Fertilization

27 - 34

Authors: Sri Usmiati, Rarah Ram

The objectives of research were to find out physico-chemical characters and to detect flavor volatile compound of kefir-like. Material used was skim milk TS 9.5% which was heated at 85oC for 30 minutes and cooled at 22oC before innoculation of the starter. Microorganisms used were (a) Lactobacillus acidophilus P155110, (b) Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. Bulgaricus NCIMB 11778, (c) Lactococcus lactis P155610, (d) Leuconostoc mesenteroides subsp. dextranicum NCIMB 3350, (e) Acetobacter aceti P154810, (f) Bifidobacterium longum BF1, and (g) Saccharomyces cerevisiae P156252. The treatments consist of P1 = without (b); P2 = without (a); and P3= used (a) until (g). The physico-chemical characters identified were lactic acid and lactose percentages, pH, viscosity, organoleptic test for intensity of kefir-like sensory attributes. Results indicated that B. longum was potential bacterium use for starter combination on kefir-like making. The use starter P1 combination has high acidity and viscosity, low pH and lactose percentage, and high intensity on attribute creamy-white color, soft and curdle consistency, and kefir specific aroma on kefir-like. Volatile compound acid group were dominate by high acidity character on kefir-like resulted from starter P1 combination. Compound of 3-hydroxi-2-butanone (acetoin) was affecting butter-like of P3 character. This compound resulted from which is a character of fermented milk flavor was not detected on P1 kefir-like. Key Words: Fermented Milk Kefir-Like, Volatile Compound, Physicochemical Character, Bifidobacterium longum

41 - 50

Authors: April H Wardhana, Sukarsih ., R Urech

Development of attractant for screwworm fly was required in myiasis control on livestock. The purpose of this study is to identify of volatile compounds from myiasis wound infested with Chrysomya bezziana larvae including to assess their responses in both cage and room assays. Both Friesian-Holstein heifer (FH) (animal 1) and Bali cattle (animal 2) were used as myiasis model. The artificial wounds (8-10 cm) were conducted on the rump of both animals and infested with about 200 eggs of C.bezziana. Odours from the infested wound were collected on day 1 and 3 for animal1 and day 3 and 5 for animal 2, post C. bezziana larvae infestation. Two different collection devices were used: firstly, absorption onto Tenax kept in steel tubes, whichwas attached to a collected bowl. The volatile organic compounds were collected from the wound and the surrounding animal hide by flowins the air through the inlet and outlet. Secondly, a solid phase micro extraction (SPME) device was inserted into bowl with passive (no air flow) odour collection. Gass chromatography/mass spectrometry was used to identify volatile compounds from wound. The compounds of the wound on animal 1, collected on day 1, produced only minor quantities of compounds (nonanal, decanal, hexanal and heptanal). Minor components such as DMDS and DMTS were only detected on day 3. The compounds of the wound on animal 2 was more varied and had a peculiar strike-like smell on day 3 and 5. They included indole, phenol, acetone, various sulfides (DMS, DMDS, DMTS), alcohols (butanol, 3-methylbutanol), aldehydes and acids. These compounds were selected and formulated into attractant (B92) then tested in both cage and room assays using SL-2 as control. Respond of flies was analyzed by ANOVA 5% (cage assay) and T test 5% (room assay). The result showed that the fly response to B92 was very low compared to SL-2 in cage assays (P<0.05). The addition of B92 to SL-2 could not increase the catch of flies in the cage assays (SL-2+B92=10:1; 10:3), there was no difference between SL-2 and B92/SL-2 in room assay, the fly response still low (P>0.05). Key Words: Volatile Compound, Myiasis, Wound, Chrysomya bezziana

63 - 70

Authors: Sutiastuti Wahyuwardani, Hernomoadi Huminto, Lies Parede

Local reovirus isolate is the virus which could be isolated from runting and stunting syndrome. The ability of local reovirus isolate to induce runting and stunting syndrome in broilers chicken was investigated. The day old chicks (doc) were infected with local reovirus isolate assessed clinically and pathologically at 1, 2 and 3 weeks post inoculation. A total of 40 DOC were divided into two groups. The first group (20 doc) was orally infected with ± 2 x 103 local reovirus isolate particle and the other used as negative control group. The results showed that the isolate caused wet droppings, stunting, enteritis, pancreatitis, malabsorbtion, bursal atrophy and spleenic hypertrophy, which similar to runting and stunting syndrome (RSS) disease in chicken. The body weight was reduced to 14.7% on the inoculated group at 4 weeks post inoculation. Key Words: Broiler, Local Reovirus Isolate, Runting and Stunting, Malabsorption

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Authors: Yuningsih ., Sri Yuliastuti

Organochlorine pesticide contamination in feed can cause residue in animal product (tissue and milk), so its become a problem in food safety. Solid phase extraction (SPE) has been carried out for determination organochlorine pesticide residues in food animal production. The technique was rapid, not costly and produce limited amount of hazardous-waste. Samples were homogenized with acetonitrile trough cartridge C18, eluted in fluorocyl column with 2% ether-petroleum or acetonitrile fortissue and milk samples respectively. The recoveries of tissue sample by addition lindane standard solution: 0.50 and 1.00 μg are 85.10 and 103.10% respectively, while that of milk with the addition of 0.50, 1.00 and 1.50 μg are 83.80, 88.69 and 91.24% respectively. Three replicates were carried out for every sample. According of validation criteria of FAO/IAEA the recovery for analysis of pesticide residues was 70-110%. Therefore, the method is applicable. Key Words: Pesticide, Tissue, Milk, SPE, Gas Chromatography