Indonesian Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences

220 - 226

Authors: U Santoso, E Handayani, Suharyanto

A study was conducted to determine the effects of Sauropus androgynus leaf extract on growth, carcass quality and the number of fecal microorganisms in broiler chickens. Forty-eight male Arbor Acres broiler chickens (21-d-old) obtained from a commercial hatchery were used in the present study. Experiment consisted of four treatment groups with four pen replicates of three broilers allotted randomly to each dietary treatment from day 21-42 old. One group was the control with no additional Sauropus androgynus leaf extract (SAE) (P0), and other three groups were given drinking water supplemented with 1.5 g (PI), 3.0 g (P2) or 4.5 g SAE/l water (P3). The diet used was a commercial mix (Crude protein: 19% and Metabolizable Energy 3200 kcal/kg). Feed intake significantly reduced in P2 or P3 as compared with the control (P<0.05). A decrease in feed conversion ratio was observed in treatment groups as compared with Po (P<0.05). Abdominal fat, neck fat and liver fat content were significantly reduced by SAE (P<0.05), while carcass fat content was not significantly different. Number of fecal Escherichia coli in P1 or P3 (P<0,01) and fecal Streptococcus sp and Salmonella sp. were significantly (P<0,01) reduced by SAE supplementation as compared with the control, while fecal Bacillus subtilis in P2 and Lactobacillus sp. in P1 (P<0,01) were significantly higher as compared with other groups. SAE (P2 or P3) also significantly improved meat taste, shank color but lowered meat color (P<0.05) as compared with the control group. It was found that the number of fecal Streptococcus sp was suitable to predict abdominal fat. In conclusion, the inclusion of SAE at 4.5 g/l drinking water resulted in the best performance and carcass quality. Key words: Sauropus androgynus leaf extract, fat accumulation, broilers

233 - 238

Authors: T Pasaribu, T Purwadaria, A.P Sinurat, J Rosida, D.O.D Saputra

An experiment has been conducted to determine the effect of type of packaging and time of storage on fermented palm oil sludge. The palm oil sludge was fermented with Aspergillus niger, dried, kept in differentpackaging materials (plastic bags, feed bag, and paper bag) and stored under room temperatures for 12 weeks. The experiment was assigned in a split plot design (3x7). The parameters measured were water content, crude protein, soluble nitrogen, true protein, in vitro dry matter (IVDMD) and true protein digestibilities (IVTPD), total in vitro digestible protein, and the activities of mannanase and cellulase. Results showed that fermented palm oil sludge stored for 12 weeks increased the water content, decreased the true protein and fiber contents, and also reduced the activity of mannanase and cellulase and in vitro dry matter digestibility but no changes on the crude protein content, protein digestibility, and total digestible protein. It was concluded that fermented palm oil sludge should be kept in feed bag under room temperature if to be stored for 12 weeks. Key words : Palm oil sludge, fermentation, nutritive value, storage

247 - 253

Authors: Sudarisman

Inacctive vaccine has been reported to have some effects on experimental infection using BHV-1 virus. this study was carried out to evaluate the effectivity of inactive BALITVET BHV-1 vaccine in Bali cattle by means of serological test in laboratorium scale. Thirty Bali cattle were divided into four treatment groups. Group I (8 animals) was a control group which didn’t receive any vaccination. Group II (10 animals) was vaccinated once. Group III (9 animals) was vaccinated twice for period of one month and Group IV (3 animals) was cattle which have had clinical pathogenicity test for BHV-1 one year ago. Challenge test was done 1 month after last vaccination with field virus at dose 5 x 108 TCID50. Four animals in control group, 5 animals in group II, 5 animals in group III and 3 animals in group IV were challenged and then all animals were mixed in one big pen. BHV-1 antibody titre evaluation was done by serum netralization test. The results of the study revealed that the cattle mixed together with infected cattle which had clinical signs, showed no significant infection in clinical signs and blood BHV-1 antibody titre. Meanwhile, experimental cattle infected with 5 x 10 8 TCID50 BHV-1 field isolate (i.v.) showed IBR clinical signs. BHV-1 antibody titre were increased 45 days after challenge. Cattle vaccinated 30 days before and challenged with field isolate could defend from the disease (revealed by no clinical signs) show significant BHV-1 antibody titre and have fluctuated titre between vaccinated once and twice. However, cattle vaccinated and mixed with infected cattle, showed no IBR clinical signs and had significant BHV-1antibody titre with different fluctuations. Cattle vaccinated twice, could maintain its high BHV- 1antibody titre as long as 120 days post vaccination compared with cattle vaccinated once with low titre until 120 days post vaccination. Cattle which had patogenicity test one year ago and showed clinical signs, still had high BHV-1 antibody titre after challenge test with dose 5 x 108 TCID50. However the titre were decreasing at 120 day post challenge and the titre were not as high as the cattle received twice vaccination. It can be concluded that IBR vaccination by using field isolate is good in booster method. Key words: Vaccine evaluation, inactive vaccine, BHV-1, Bali cattle

259 - 264

Authors: Agus Suparyanto, Subandriyo ., T.R Widarya, H.H Martojo

Growth curve is a figure of individual ability to express its genetic potential to maximum size under the existingenvironmental condition. Three non-linear growth curves, von Bertalanffy, Logistic and Gompertz, were used to analyze the weight-age relationship for five genotypes of sheep. The data were collected from IP2TP Sei Putih, North Sumatera. Num ber of animals which were collected consisted of five genotypes i.e, indigenous Sumatera (n=275), St. Croix (n=571), St. Croix Cross (n=899), Barbados Blackbelly Cross (n=471) and composite (n=740). The three non-linear growth curves were compared to obtain the most suitable curve for describing the shape of growth curves among sheep genotypes. The growth curves of von Bertalanffy fitted better than the others. The results showed that regression parameters of B or M (integral constante) were significantly different (P<0.001) among growth curves. It means that higher asymptotic weights will be followed by faster growth rates to reach mature size. Value of A (asymptotic mature weigh) and k (growth rate to mature size) were not significant (P>0.05). The data show that there was correlation between A and k. Key words: Sumatera thin-tail sheep, crossing, non-linear growth

269 - 273

Authors: A Anang, M Mielenz, L Schuler, Rachmat Preisinger

This research addresses the possibilities of using monthly production records for genetic evaluation of laying hens with four different models and different data sets. The data were collected from a pure line of Lohmann Tierzucht GmbH at Cuxhaven in Germany for two generations from 1998 to 1999 with pedigree being traced back one generation. In total of 9735 hens from 220 sires and 1879 dams were analysed. The evaluated models were: (1) Cumulative Model (CM), (2) Multiple Trait Model (MTM), (3) Fixed Regression Model (FRM), and Random Regression Model (RRM). Variance components were estimated using Animal Model with REML and breeding values were predicted using BLUP Animal Model. The RRM is an interesting model for the evaluation. The RRM agrees with the laying curve over the whole evaluated period from the first to eleventh month production. Selection for an increased total production based on the first six month production with the RRM may not be useful. The integration of full year performance from the parent in a selection on the first six month production with the RRM improved the shape of the curve and increased the correlation with the full performance considerably. In addition, genetic evaluation of total production based on odd month production is sufficient for an efficiency of recording system. Key words: Laying hens, cumulative model, multiple trait model, fixed regression model, random regression model

279 - 284

Authors: Lily Natalia, Adin Priadi

Specific detection of Pasteurella multocida type B:2 by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), using a set of DNA primers wasoptimised. Effects of the addition of ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid (EDTA) to the sample preparation, Escherichia coli contamination and the number of P. multocida on the PCR product was assessed. The PCR test was compared to the standard bacteriological method for the detection of P. multocida B:2 in tonsillar swab samples collected from slaughter houses of various regions in Indonesia. Addition of 100 mM EDTA-saline to P. multocida B:2 spiked tonsillar swab samples inhibits the production 350 base pairs (bp) PCR product. The inhibitory effect of the EDT A can be eliminated by three times washing with deionised water. The PCR can detect P. multocida as low as I organism and contanimation of 100 CFU of E. coli does not effect the PCR result. The results show that the DNA primers for P. multocida B:2 is sensitive and specific. The inhibitory effect of EDTA in PCR samples can be eliminated by washings. Keywords: PCR, EDT A, Pasteurella multocida B:2

148 - 152

Authors: R Widiastuti, Indraningsih ., T.B Murdiarti, R Firmansyah

Trenbolone acetate (TBA) is a growth hormone promoter which is implanted into animal to increase the body weight. The implantation of TBA in animal may cause the occurrence of residues of TBA and its metabolite (17-β-trenbolone). The presence of the residue might threat to human health. The aim of this research work was to study the presence of the residue of trenbolone in male Garut sheep which is implanted by TBA. The sheep were divided into 2 groups, those were D1 which were implanted by 40 mg TBA and D2 which were implanted by 60 mg TBA. One animal each from D1 and D2 were killed in the week 1, 2, 3 and 4 after implantation. And 24 hours before slaughtering the urine of D1 and D2 were collected using the metabolism cages. The samples for residue analysis were the organs such as liver, kidney, and the muscles around the implantation sites i.e inner and outer, upper front leg and upper back leg. The samples were extracted by organic solvents and analysed by HPLC. The residue of trenbolone occured in all samples of D1 and D2 which killed on 1 and 2 weeks after implantation. The residues occured on those which were killed 3 weeks after implantation were only in inner and outer samples. The residues in meat and organs were not detected in D1 nor D2 which were killed 4 weeks after implantation. The residue of trenbolone was also detected in the urine and still were detected in D1 and D2 which implanted by TBA for 4 weeks. Key words : trenbolone acetate, 17-β-trenbolone, residue, sheep

158 - 165

Authors: Lily Natalia

Pasteurella multocida is bacterial pathogens that cause haemorrhagic septicaemia (HS) in cattle and buffaloes. Various tests have been used to differentiate types of P. multocida, as well as to diagnose this specific disease. A latex agglutination test has been developed for the detection of P. multocida B:2 which is the causal agent of HS. This test is a rapid and simple test suitable for local laboratorium to diagnose HS cases in the field. A heat stable antigen consisting of mainly lipopolysaccharide (LPS) extract of formalin killed P. multocida 0019 was used to produce specific antibody against P. multocida B:2. The antiboy was then used to sensitise latex particles. Latex agglutination test have been used to screen some P. multocida field isolates and this test have been proven to be specific, simple and easy to be used in detecting P. multocida B:2. The specificity is due to antibodies recognising LPS or LPS protein complexes. Sensitised latex was stable at 4° C for at least12 months. This test should be used as an aid to diagnosis and employed principally to confirm and support clinical and post mortem findings of HS. Keywords: Pasteurella multocida B:2, haemorrhagic septicaemia (HS), diagnosis, latex agglutination test

172 - 178

Authors: Elizabeth Wina, Toto Toharmat, Widia Astuti

Bark, especially from Acacia mangium is a by-product from wood processing industries that commonly found in Indonesiaand in big amount will cause environmental problems. One of the alternatives to utilize bark is for animal feed. The aims of this experiment are to improve the nutritive value of bark by alkali treatments (urea and sodium hydroxide) and to determine the level of substitution of elephant grass by bark. The experiment consisted of 3 in vitro studies and 1 in sacco study. In vitro studies consisted of 1) the use of urea or NaOH by wetting and incubation-method, 2) the use of different concentration of Na OH (0-4%) by soaking method, 3) determination of substitution level of elephant grass by treated bark. In sacco study was conducted at 0, 6, 12, 24, 48 and 72 hours of incubation to compare the degradation of treated bark to elephant grass. The results show that urea treatment did not improve DM or OM digestibilities of bark. Soaking bark in 4% NaOH solution was more effective than wetting and incubation-method in improving in vitro digestibility. (49.26% vs19.56% for soaking and dry-method, respectively). In sacco studyl shows that treated bark had a very high solubility at 0 hour incubation but the degradation at 72 hours incubation was not significantly different from that of 0 hour incubation. The gas produced at in vitro study of treated bark was very low indicated that there was no degradation of bark at all. The level of substitution of elephant grass by treated bark up to 30% gave a non-significant digestibility value to that of 100% elephant grass. In conclusion, bark after tannin-extraction was a better feedstuff for animal feed. The soaking method in 4% NaOH solution improved the digestibility of bark significantly and the level of substitution of elephant grass by treated bark was 30%. Key words: Bark, acacia mangium, urea, sodium hydroxide, digestibility

189 - 194

Authors: Harry T Uhi, Jajat Jachja, Rita Mutia, Dodi Nandika

Termites (Isoptera) as one of local feed in several places in Indonesia just like Irian jaya, is available, easy to find and having protein in a high level. Termites nest which high about 0,5-2 metres above ground is easy to find at all low area merauke which having land areal about 20.000 ha, otherwise in other distrik, it can easily to find in a forest especialy in a new open land for Agriculture and transmigration. The purpose of this experiment was to study the effects of Glyptotermes montanus Kemner termites suplementation as protein resource in the diet of broiler strain Rokky-301. One hundred eighty DOC Rokky-301 were randomly divided in to five treatment with three replicates of 12 chickens each. The treatment diets were basal diet (R0), basal diet + fresh termites 0,5% (R1), basal diet + fresh termites 1% (R2), basal diet + fresh termites 1,5% (R3), and Comercial diet (R4) as positive control. The chickens were fed the treatment diets over 50 days. The results showed that the chicken fed R3 diet had significantly higher body weight gain than did chicken fed other diets except for chicken fed commercial diet (R4). Feed consumption of chicken fed R0 diet was significantly higher than other treatment diets. However 1,5% fresh termites suplementation (R3) significantly reduced feed consumption. Basal diet (R0) had highest feed conversion compared to other treatment diets. However 1,5% fresh termites suplementation (R3) was significantly improved feed conversion compared to other treatment. Key word: Body weight gain, Glyptotermes montanus termites, broiler strain Rokky-301

205 - 212

Authors: Sudarisman

The aim of this study is to investigate the post challenge clinical responses of Bali cattle vaccinated with an inactivated vaccine of a field isolate Bovine Herpesvirus-1 after being challenged with the same virus. Twenty eight Bali cattle were divided into two groups of ten animals, one of which was vaccinated with a single dose and the other one was vaccinated with a booster dose of vaccination, and the rest of the animals were remained untreated as a control group. One month after the last vaccination, a half number of animals in each group were challenged intravenously with 5 x 108 TCID 50 pathogenic strain of BHV-1 local isolate. Clinical signs were observed from day 0 to day 14 after challenge. These observed included body temperature, mucosal membrane changes of nostril, vagina and palpebrae, hyperlacrimation and hypersecretion of nose and eyes. General clinical changes and mucous membrane lesions of nostril were scored from 0 to 3. The results showed that the non-vaccinated animals: elevated temperature (up to 40.1°C), hyperlacrimation, nasal discharge and mucosal hyperaemia of nostril and vagina after challenge. The duration of illness ranged from 3 to 7 days. Symptoms appeared after an incubation periode of 3 days and disappeared after 5 days (day 9). These clinical symptoms didn’t appear on the vaccinated animals with single or boostered vaccination. One month after vaccination, the antibody titre reached 211 (2048) based on serum neutralisation test (SNT). These vaccinated animals showed good immune respons to BHV-1. Key words: Clinical responses, inactivated vaccine, field isolate, BHV-1, Bali cattle

76 - 82

Authors: Sori B Siregar

Increasing milk production ability of lactating cows through improvement of feeds and feeding frequency was conducted at Tanjungsari Village Cooperative. Fifteen lactating cows of 3-4 months of lactation period were used. The cows were divided into five groups based on their average daily milk production and lactation period. The treatment consisted of RO (control=commonly practiced by farmers), R1 (2.5 kg. concentrate, given three times per head per day). R2 (2 kg. Concentrate plus 13.5 kg roughage given three times per head per day). The experimental design was completely randomized block design. The quality of concentrate given to the lactating cows was a better than that given by the local farmers. Improving feed supplementation and feeding frequency significantly (P<0.01) increased the consumption of dry matter, crude protein and energy of the feeds, and thus increased daily milk production, solid non fat (SNF) and total solid (TS) of the milk (P<0.05). Specific gravity of the milk was not affected by the treatments (P>0.05). Substitution of 0.5 kg concentrate with 13.5 kg roughage resulted in non significant difference on the daily milk production as well as the quality of the milk, thus it gave no economic impact. The increase of daily milk production was followed by the increase of the incomes of the farmers by Rp 905 to Rp 1,425 per head per day. The result of the experiment leads to the assumption that the present feeding practices of the lactating cows should be improved accordingly. Key words: Lactating cows, feeding, management

94 - 99

Authors: I.P Kompiang, Supriyati ., M.H Togatorop, S.N Jarmani

An experiment was conducted to study the effect of free choice feeding on the performance of native chicken and to determine its protein and energy requirements for growth. Eight hundreds and seventy 2-weeks old native chicken were used, and divided into three treatment groups, with 5 replicates: (I) Complete feed (II) Choice feed A (two levels of protein, similar in energy content) and (III) Choice feed B (energy and protein sources). Feed and water were given ad libitum during the 10 weeks trial. Feed intake (protein and energy) and body weight were recorded biweekly. Body weight gain (BWG) of treatment I was 852 + 33 grams/head, similar to treatment II, 858 + 28 grams/head, and both significantly (P<0.05) better than treatment III (800 + 42 grams/head). Energy consumption and its energy efficiency ratio (EER) value were similar for all treatments, 9226 + 149; 9203 + 739, and 8706 + 383 kcal/head and 10.84 + 0.34, 10.75 + 1.03, and 10.89 + 0.27 kcal/gram for treatment I, II and III, respectively. There was a significant (P<0.05) difference between treatment on protein intake, 556 + 8, 506 + 15, and 454 + 25 grams/head for treatment I, II, and III, respectively. Protein energy ratio (PER) value of treatment III (0.57 ± 0.02) was similar to treatment II (0.57 ± 0.02) and both were significantly better (P<0.05) than treatment I (0.65 ± 0.02). It was concluded that the native chicken, given a correct choice of feed, has an ability to determine its energy and protein requirements. During the growth periods, 2-12 weeks old, the bird require feed with 16% protein and 2900 kcal metabolized energy/kg. Key word: Native chicken, feeding system, free choice

107 - 112

Authors: A.P Sinurat, Tatty Purwadaria, T Pasaribu, J Darma, I.A.K Bintang, M.H Togatorop

Drying proces, especially with heating often affects the nutritive values of feed ingredients. Therefore, this experiment was designed to study the responses of broiler chickens when fed with ration containing fresh or dried fermented palm oil sludge(FPOS). Experimental diets with different levels of fresh or dried FPOS (5, 10, and 15% equally to dried FPOS) were formulated with similar nutrient contents. A control diet with no FPOS was also included. Each diet was fed to 30 broiler chickens (5 replicates of 6 birds) for 5 weeks. Performances (body weight, feed consumption, feed conversion, and mortalities) of chickens were recorded. Carcass percentage and abdominal fat content was also measured at the end of feeding trial. Data obtained were subjected to analysis of variance in a completely randomized design and different between means were tested by orthogonal contrast procedures. Results of the experiment showed that body weight gain (BWG) of control birds was not significantlydifferent with BWG of birds fed with FPOS. Birds fed with dried FLS gain more weight than those fed with fresh FPOS (1048 vs 981 g/bird). Increasing of dietary FPOS levels decreased BWG, but 10% inclusion was still tolerable. Feed consumption of control diet was significantly (P<0.05) less than feed consumption of diet with FPOS. Increasing of dried FPOS to 15% did not affect feed consumption, but increasing of fresh FPOS significantly increased feed consumption. Feed conversion (FCR) of control diet was significantly better than the FPOS diet (2.07 vs 2.13). Increasing levels of dried FPOS from 5 to 10% did not affect the FCR, but further increasing to 15% significantly worsen the FCR. Increasing of fresh FPOS from 5 to 10 or 15 significantly worsen the FCR. Dry matter intake, mortalities, carcass percentage, liver weight, and abdominal fat levels of broilers were not significantly affected by dietary treatments (P>0.05). Conversion of feed dry matter to body weight gain of control diet was not significantly (P>0.05) different with those diets with FPOS. However, dry matter conversion of dried FPOS was significantly better than the fresh FPOS. Increasing levels of FLS from 5 to 15 significantly worsen the feed dry matter conversion but not with inclusion of 10% FPOS. Therefore, it is concluded that there is no superior advantage of feeding fresh FPOS as compared with dried FPOS. Inclusion of 10% dried or fresh FPOS in the diets did not affect growth performances of broiler chickens. Key words: Palm oil sludge, dried, fermented, broilers

120 - 125

Authors: Supar ., Yudi Setiadi, Djaenuri ., Nina Kurniasih, B Poerwadhikarta, Sjafei

Pasteurellosis or fowl cholera in ducks occurs sporadically along the year in many high duck population areas of Java and other parts of Indonesia. Some isolates of Pasteurella multocida from ducks and chicken are kept at the BALITVET culture collection. The aims of this research were to evaluate the pathogenicity of local isolates and imported strains of P. multocida and to study the pasteurellosis local isolate vaccine and protection assay in ducks. Two imported strains of P. multocida (BCC 1359, BCC 1362) and 6 local isolates (BCC 299, BCC 2331, DY1, DY2, 12TG, 15TG) were used in this study. In the pathogenicity assays the imported strains and local isolates were activated in mice and in duct and then in brain hearth infusion broth containing 5% normal sheep serum. Each of broth culture was diluted, each dilution (102 and 104) of strains or isolates was injected intraperitoneally into a group of normal ducks. Antigen for vaccine, each was produced in sheep blood (5%) agar. Cells were harvested and killed with 0.1% formalin. Monovalent, bivalent, and polyvalent vaccines were prepared, at concentration equal to the Macfarland standard tube No 10, and each was adjuvanted with alhydrogel at final concentration of 1.5%. Each vaccine type was injected into a group of 10 week old ducks (8 animals per group), with 0.2 ml/injection. Four weeks later each animal in group were boostered with the same vaccine, dose, route as the previous injection. Before vaccination each animal was bleed through wing vena, then every two weeks, serum was collected and stored at -20oC. Two weeks after boostered, three days after the last blood sample collection, half animal of each group were challenged intraperitonelly with the BCC 2331 and half with DY2 live broth culture. The pathogenicity assays showed the only BCC 2331 and DY2 killed the experimental ducks, the other did not. The animals vaccinated with either BCC 2331, DY2 or bivalent (BCC 2331+DY2) vaccines were protected with either life bacterial challenged of either BCC 2331 or DY2 local isolates. It is likely, P. multocida BCC 2331 and DY2 isolates can be used for pasteurellosis candidate vaccine used in Indonesia, but it still needs more studies in the immunological of protective antigens. Key words: Pasteurella multocida, fowl cholera, ducks, vaccine, protection

134 - 140

Authors: Risa Indriani, Darminto

Infectious bronchitis (IB) is an acute highly contagious viral respiratory disease of poultry caused by Coronavirus. IBV infection consists of many serotypes and can only be controlled by vaccination. An effective IB vaccine should be prepared from local isolates, due to the antigenic variation among serotypes. The aims of this research were to develop inactivated IB vaccine derived from IBV local isolate and to determine the efficacy of that vaccine in layer flocks. Five layer chicken groups were used in this experiments, group I was vaccinated with commercial IBV live vaccine thrice, group II was vaccinated with commercial IBV live vaccine once and repeated with inactivated local IBV isolate twice, group III was vaccinated with commercial IBV live vaccine once and repeated with commercial inactivated twice, group IV was vaccinated with IBV live vaccine once, and group V was not vaccinated. After the chickens reached at a stable egg production they were challenged with IBV local isolates. Antibody responses were examined by means of haemagglutination hibitition (HI) test and HI titres were expressed as log2 of the reciprocal of the highest dilution of serum causing inhibition of a log2 HA titre of 2. The mean titres of antibody responses of chicken in group I, II, III, IV, and V was 4.9 ± 0.87, 6.8 ± 0.97, 7.7 ± 0.46, 2.9 ± 0.94, and 2.0 ± 1.67 respectively. The levels of protection against challenges were determined by viral isolation, this in group I, II, III, IV, and V was 63, 73, 60, 50, and 0% respectively. Clinical symptom of egg quality was slightly reduced in group I, IV, and V and it were unchanged in group II and III. Group II gave better in number of egg production than the other groups. The results indicated that the IBV inactivated localisolate vaccine gave high titres of antibody and higher protection rates than that of commercial IBV inactivated vaccine. Inaddition, IBV local isolate vaccinated group prevented from declining egg production after challenged with IBV local isolate. Key words: Infectious bronchitis, layer, antibody titre, vaccine, challenge virus

7 - 13

Authors: I-W Mathius, Dwi Yulistiani, E Wina, B Haryanto, A Wilson, A Thalib

High producing ewes required high amounts of energy, which can not be met through feeding conventional ration. Therefore, supplementing energy should be done, especially protected-energy. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of additional of protected fat/energy on the consumption of ration and the performance of ewes and lambs. Thirty-four local ewes were randomly allotted to four levels of by-pass energy groups, in which parts of energy content in the concentrate was replaced with rumen-protected fatty acids in the proportion of 0 (R1), 5 (R2), 10 (R3), and 20% (R4). Consumption, nutrient digestibility and animal performance (ewes and lambs) were determined by standard procedures. Results showed that the daily dry matter intake during pregnancy (g/kg BW0.75) did not differ among diet (72.1 + 2.56). The crude fibre intake varied slightly between treatment (P>0.05), those being slightly lower intake on the highest replacement of energy content in concentrate diet (R4). Dry matter digestibility were 52.4 + 0.24, 52.1 + 0.30; 51.8 +0.28; and 51.3 + 0.81 in groups R1, R2, R3, and R4, respectively, which were non-significantly different from each other. These results confirmed that the by-pass energy sources replacements did not affect rumen fermentation. The same tendency was also found for crude protein digestibility (P>0.05) i.e. 60.1; 61.8; 61.2; and 60.2 for R1, R2, R3, and R4 respectively. The average daily gain of ewes during gestation period was affected (P<0.05) by by-pass energy replacement and the effect was linear with increasing by-pass energy replacement. Significant difference was not found in the total birth weight of lambs and among dietary treatments. Lambs growth rate during the first 8 week of lactation was the highest on ewes fed diet containing the highest amount of by-pass energy sources (R4). It can be concluded that by-pass fatty acids can be used in ewes’ ration without affecting rumen fermentation and gave a positive respons to animal performance. Key words: By-pass energy, ewes ration, gestation and lactating phase

21 - 27

Authors: Benny Gunawan, Tike Sartika

The experiment aimed to produce native chicken with faster growth rate that is to achieve body weight of more than 1 kg at 3 months of age. Three hundreds and thirty three crossbreeds (PK) day old chicken from the results of artificial insemination between male Pelung and second generation of selection of female native chicken, were used in this experiment. One hundred and eighty purebreds native chickens were also used as control population. They were put in grower cages with density of 10 birds per cage and each cage was treated as a single unit of replication. Feeds during experiment were given and divided into 3 phases that is Starter Feeds I (Protein 21% and Energy 3000 kcal/kg) for chicken between 0-21 days of age, Starter Feeds II (Protein 19% and Energy 2900 kcal/kg) for chicken between 22-42 days and Grower Feeds (Protein 17% and Energy 2900 kcal/kg) for chicken between 43-84 days. Variables which were recorded were weekly body weight until 12 weeks of age, feed consumption, feed conversion, mortality, carcass weight and simple economic ratio (B/C ratio). The results of the experiment showed that body weight at 12 weeks of crossbred (PK) was significantly higher than the pure native chicken (1000 vs 923 g) (P<0.05). Feed consumption was not significantly different (3037 vs 3036 g/bird/12 weeks), but the feed conversion of the crossbred was significantly better than the purebred (3.09 vs 3.4) (P<0.05). Carcass weight and carcass components were not significantly different between the two breeds, but they were different between sexes (P<0.05). Simple economic calculation showed that crossbreeds produced higher profit than purebreds with the benefit cost ratio were 1.31 for crossbred (PK) and 1.2 for purebred native chicken. The mortality rate during the experiment was low, that is 5.5% for crossbred and 6.36% for purebred. Key words: Crossbreeding, male Pelung, female native chicken

34 - 37

Authors: Cece Sumantri, T Morzumi, N Hamashima

The study was done to detect the incident of deletion and mutation in exon 14th of Mx1 gene in pig. Six hundred base pairs at the position (1937 to 2537) of the 14th exon of the pig Mx1 gene was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) from 15 breed of pig DNA sample. The amplified PCR products were digested by Nar I enzyme that called restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) technique. The results show genetic polymorphism at the 14th exon of pig Mx1 gene. The Nar I digested revealed three phenotyphic variation (C/C, C/N and N/N, designated for Nar I cut homozygote, heterozygote and for Nar I no cut homozygote, respectively). The Nar I (N/N or C/N) type is corresponding to (1) the deletion 11 bp at the position 2064 to 2075. This type was observed in Landrace breed. (2) the incidence of two point mutation at the position 2065 Guanine (G) change to Thymine (T) and at the position 2124 Guanine (G) change to Adenine (A).This type was observed in Chinese native pig (Meishan) and Vietnamese native pig. Key words: Deletion, mutation, pig Mx1 gene and PCR-RFLP

45 - 50

Authors: Abubakar ., Triyantini ., R Sunarlim, H Setiyanto, Nurjannah

A study on the effect of temperature and time of pasteurization on the milk quality during storage was carried out using fresh milk. The aim of the experiment was to asses the storage time of pasteurized milk for consumption without nutrient losses. A completely randomized factorial design, 2 x 8 was used, with pasteurization temperature (T), consisted of 2 levels, the low temperature long time (LTLT), i.e. fresh milk was warmed at 65oC for 30 minutes (T1) and the high temperature short time (HTST), i.e. fresh milk was warmed at 71oC for 15 seconds (T2); and storage time (S), consisted of 8 levels, i.e. 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, and 21 hours respectively, as the factors, with 3 replicates. Parameters measured were alcohol test, water, fat, and protein concentrations, and microbial population of pasteurized milk during storage. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance and simple linear regression. The result showed that water and fat concentrations and microbial population was not significantly different (P>0.05) in pasteurization temperature treatment, but was significantly different (P<0.05) due to storage time treatment. Meanwhile, the protein concentration was significantly different (P<0.05) either in pasteurization temperature or storage time. It was concluded that pasteurized milk was still suitable for consumption at 15-21 hours storage, while protein concentration tended to be better when was pasteurized at 65oC. Key words: Pasteurized milk, storage quality

59 - 67

Authors: Supar ., Yudi Setiadi, Djaenuri ., Nina Kurniasih, Bhakti Poerwadhikarta, Sjafei

Pasteurella multocida locally isolated from chicken and ducks (BCC 299, BCC 2331, DY1, DY2, 12TG, 15TG) andimported strains (BCC 1359, 1362; HEDDLESTON group 1 and 6 respectively) had been tested for its pathogenicity in theprevious study. The aims of this experiment were to study the preparation of local isolate pasteurellosis vaccines and to determine the protective effect of that vaccines in chicken against the highly pathogenic local isolates of P. multocida. Killed monovalent, bivalent and polyvalent pasteurellosis vaccines were prepared and each was adjunvanted with aluminum hydroxide gel at a final concentration of 1.5% and the cell concentration was equal to the No 10 of MacFarland tube standard. Each of the vaccine prepared was used to vaccinated on a group of six week old of layer chicken (8 per group). Each chicken was subcutaneously injected with 0.2 ml of vaccine, four weeks later each was boostered with similar vaccine with the same dose. Two weeks after giving the boostered vaccine each group of chicken were challenged, half with life bacterium of P. Multocida BCC 2331 and other with DY2. Any chick which survive after challenge was designated as protected by vaccination. Before vaccination 1 ml of blood was drawn from each of chicken and then two weeks apart up to challenge. Serum from each sample was separated and kept in deep freeze until tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Chicken vaccinated with killed whole cell P. multocida vaccines of monovalent (BCC 2331 or DY2) and bivalent (BCC 2331 + DY2) were protected against challenge with live bacterium of either BCC 2331 or DY2 at rate 67-100%. There was no protection in chicken vaccinated with either BCC 299, DY1, 12TG, 15TG, BCC 1359, or 1362 killed vaccine. Similarly no protection of chicken vaccinated with either DY1 + BCC299, 12TG + 15TG or BCC 1359 + BCC 1362 bivalent vaccines. The protection rate of the polyvalent local isolate vaccine was at average 50-75%. All vaccinated chicken showed the presence of antibody responses againsted the extract cell and whole cell antigens of either P. multocida BCC 2331 or DY2 local isolate as detected by ELISA. The antibody responses from vaccinated chicken against extra cellular antigens prepared from broth cultures of BCC 2331 and DY2 were detected only from vaccinated chicken with vaccine containing killed antigen of BCC 2331 and/or DY2 isolate. It is likely, the local isolate of P. multocida BCC 2331 and DY2 would be benefit for producing inactive fowl cholera vaccine use in Indonesia, but the protective antigen that enhances immune protection should be determined by means of immunoblotting techniques. Key words: Pasteurella multocida, fowl cholera, vaccine, protection