Indonesian Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences

205 - 209

Authors: I.P Kompiang

Three thousands 65 weeks old layers were used and divided into 3 groups of 1000 birds, and further divided into 4 sum group (250 birds/group) as treatment replicates, and distributed randomly.Layer in group 1 were fed a basal diet + antibiotic (AB), group 2 were fed a basal diet + 10^9 CFU Bacillus spp culture (PB-M) and group 3 were fed a basal diet and Bacillus spp culture was supplemented in their drinking water (10^9 CFU/litre) (PB-A). The trial was conducted for 14 weeks (2 weeks adaptation period, 10 weeks the feeding treatments, and 2 weeks post treatment, where the AB group continues supplemented with antibiotic, while the PB-M and PB-A group, the Bacillus spp culture supplementation was withdrawned. During the treatment period,% HD production and its FCR of the bird supplemented with Bacillus spp culture were highly significant (P<0.001) better than the one receiving antibiotic. There was no significant different between the PB-M and the PB-A groups. Prosentage HD production and its FCR during post treatment, the birds previously supplemented with Bacillus spp culture were remained significantly better than the one recieving antibiotic. The birds which were previously supplemented with Bacillus spp culture in the feed had significantly (P<0.01) better % HD production and FCR.It is concluded that Bacillus spp culture, could be used to replace antibiotics as a growth promotor, it even gave better results. Key words: Antibiotic, Bacillus spp, layer

215 - 218

Authors: T. Pasaribu, I.P. Kompiang

An experiment has been conducted to determine the possibility of using waste from chitosan processing, which contain shrimp soluble, as poultry feed. The fresh waste was immediately mixed with wheat pollard (1:1, w/w) and sun dried. Another portion of the waste was stored, at low pH (4.5) for 1 month before sun drying. Experimental rations were formulated to be isoprotein (21%) and isoenergy (3000 kcal/kg), with 25% wheat pollard (R1), WPUL 26.3% (R2), wheat polard 12.5% (R3) WPUL 13.2% (R4), WPUB 13.2% (R5). Each ration was fed to 40 doc broiler, divided into 5 cages (4 male and 4 female/cage). Feed and water were given ad lib during the 4 weeks trial period. Body weight gain of treatment R2 (762.8 gram) was significantly (P <0.05) lower than the other treatments, while there was no significant difference between treatment R1 (817.2 gram), R3 (816.0 gram), R4 (839.2 gram) and R5 (830.1 gram). And the FCR values were significantly different (P<0.05) between treatment R2 with R1, R3, R4, and R5, i.e. is 2.43; 2.24; 2.16; 2.16; and 2.06. Respectively it is concluded that chitosan waste, after sun drying and mixed with wheat pollard, could only be included in the formulation up to 13.2%. Key words : Chitosan waste, broiler

224 - 228

Authors: Budi Haryanto

An experiment has been carried out to investigate the effect of probiotic and ruminally less-degradable protein supplementation on the growth and efficiency of feed utilization in sheep. Thirty two male sheep with an average liveweight of 23 kg were divided into 4 groups of 8 individuals to test four dietary treatments. The dietary treatments were a) basal concentrate diet, b) basal concentrate diet supplemented with ruminally less degradable protein in proportion of 90:10%, c) basal concentrate supplemented with probiotic at 0.5%, and d) basal concentrate diet supplemented with ruminally less degradable protein and probiotic in proportion of 89.5:10:0.5% consequtively. The concentrate was fed at 1.5% of the liveweight, and adjusted every week after weighing the individuals. Napier grass was fed ad libitum after being chopped into 5 cm length. Drinking water was available adequately. The animals were individually caged. The experiment was carried out for 7-day adaptation to the dietary treatments and 42-day period of feeding trials. The parameters being observed include weekly liveweight changes, slaughter weight, carcass weight and carcass characteristics. The results indicated that the liveweight changes were relatively the same for all treatment groups, which ranged from 89 to 94 g/d. However, the dry matter intakes ranged from 856 to 925 g/d. The slaughter weight ranged from 26.9 to 27.3 kg with carcass weight ranged from 12.0 to 12.8 kg indicating that the carcass percentage were in the range from 55.8 to 57.1% of the empty body weight. Probiotic supplement resulted in reduction of fat content in the meat from these observation, it is reasonable to assume that the use of probiotic in the diet reduced the carcass fat without affecting the daily weight gain. Key words: Sheep, probiotics, ruminally less-degradable protein, productivity.

234 - 240

Authors: Risa Indriani, Darminto

Infectious bronchitis (IB) is an acute highly contagious viral respiratory disease of poultry caused by virus belongs to the family of Coronaviridae. The virus consist of many serotypes with low level of cross-protectivity among serotypes. Field data showed that the outbreaks of IB were frequently reported in chicken flocks, although vaccinations against the disease have been practiced. Hence, the study on serotype relationship among isolates of the viruses is essentially required. The aim of this study was to isolate and characterize IB viruses from chicken flocks in some areas of Java. Isolation of the virus was carried out in nine-day old embrionated chicken eggs and identified by means of agar gel precipitation (AGP) tests against standard antisera to IB virus. The serotypes of the IB viral isolates were determined by cross-neutralization tests in nine day old embryonated chicken eggs using r value derived from homologous and heterologous serum titres as criteria. This study obtained 12 IB viral isolates which were identified on the basis of the ability to cause lesions in chicken embryos and positive to agar gel presipitation test against standard positive antiserum to the virus. Based on the cross-neutralization tests in embryonated chicken eggs, isolate I.9 was formed to have relationship closed to Mass-41 serotype, while I.2, I. 3, and I.7 isolates were closely to the serotype of Con-46. Virus isolates (I.5, I.14, I.24, and I.25) were decided to have no serotype relationships to either Mass-41 or Con-46 serotype. Since the I.5, I.14, I.24 and I.25 isolates were not neutralized by antisera against the previous identified local infectious bronchitis viral isolates, and that were considered to be distinct serotype to the previously identified local IB viral isolates. Key words: Infectious bronchitis, virus, embryonated egg, cross neutralization test.

250 - 254

Authors: Darmono ., Z Arifin, M.B Purwadikarta, A Safuani, U Waznah

Metallothionein is a metal-binding protein which always detected in the liver of chicken, especially essential element binding protein such as Zn-thionein. Zinc binding protein is usually used for enzyme activity in normal physiology of the animal. The aim of this study was to detect the effect of Cd given into feed on Zn-thionein contain in the liver of broiler chicken. Forty-five broiler chicken were divided into three groups, which was 15 animals in each group. Group 1 as a control group, Group 2 was given 100 mgCd/kg of feed, and group 3 was given 200 mgCd/kg of feed respectively. Body weight of five chicken per group were measured every day and liver samples of five animals per group were collected at day 7 , 14 and 21 after treatment respectively for analysis of Cd and Zn total concentrations and Cd and Zn binding protein. The result indicated that body weight of chicken in the treatment groups were lower than the control group. Zinc binding protein was highest in the control group after 21 days of treatment (2.35 ug/g), but it was low in the two treatment groups were 1.30 and 0.64 ug/g respectively, in which Cd-thionein was formed. On the other hand total Zn concentration were almost similar between treatment, 20.95 ug/g for the control group and 21.24 ug/g for group 2, and 25.37 ug/g for group 3 respectively (P>0.05). It can be concluded that Cd contamination in feed can cause decreased of Zn-thionein within 21 days of treatment, causing retardation of the animals. Key words: Cadmium, zinc, metallothionein, liver, chicken, feed

141 - 143

Authors: Peter Willadseni, Sujitno Partoutomo

The problem of the Old World Screwworm fly Chrysomya bezziana and the limitations of current methods of control are discussed briefly. Any attempt to investigate the feasibility of vaccinating against the fly, as a novel control technology, demands the establishment of methods for fly culture, the production of sources of antigens and the development of assay techniques suitable for the assessment of vaccination effects. This must be coupled to a strategy for vaccine development. This strategy is described, as a prelude to a series of papers evaluating the feasibility of vaccination in detail. Key words: Chrysomya bezziana, screwworm fly, vaccine

150 - 159

Authors: George Riding, Sri Muharsini, Roger Pearson, Sukarsih ., Edy Satria, Gene Wijffels, Petter Willadseni

sources of potential protective antigens from the sheep blowfly Lucilia cuprina. Their importance in the screwworm fly Chrysomya bezziana has now been investigated. Purified serine proteases from Chrysomya bezziana were tested for their potential as vaccine antigens in sheep, efficacy being assessed by in vitro and in vivo assays with larval Chrysomya bezziana. No effect of vaccination was observed by the in vitro assay. However, in the in vivo challenge, larval weights were diminished in the vaccinated sheep, although larval recoveries increased marginally. Vaccination with Chrysomya bezziana peritrophic membrane does induce an effective immune response against the parasite resulting in a significant reduction in larval growth and considerable larval mortality in the in vitro assay. Sequential fractionation of the peritrophic membrane with various surfactants and chaotrophic agents of increasing solubilisation capacity resulted in the separation of discrete groups of proteins. The groups of fractionated proteins were tested in a vaccination trial in sheep with vaccine efficacy assessed by in vitro assays. The urea extract, guanidine-HCl extract and SDS soluble fraction each induced significant levels of protection against Chrysomya bezziana larvae but the effects were poorer than those obtained from vaccination with whole, native peritrophic membrane. Several major proteins selected from the three most protective fractions were purified by SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Since insufficient quantities of these proteins were available for vaccination trials, they were either sequenced directly from the N-terminus or subjected to endoproteinase Lys-C digestion, followed by peptide purification and amino acid sequencing. This gave the information necessary for the expression of several of these roteins as recombinants in a form suitable for vaccination studies. Key words: Chrysomya bezziana, peritrophic membrane, vaccination, amino acid sequence, serine protease

170 - 176

Authors: Gene Wijffels, Tony Voucoloco, Sri Muharsini, Florentina Supriyanti

Three candidate antigens, Chrysomya bezziana peritrophin-48, Chrysomya bezziana peritrophin-15 and Chrysomya bezziana peritrophin-42, were prepared for recombinant protein production in Escherichia coli using a variety of expression vectors. Cb peritrophin-48 was expressed as a recombinant protein possessing a carboxy-terminal hexaHis tag. Cb peritrophin-15 was expressed as both a glutathione S-transferase fusion protein and as an amino-terminal hexaHis tagged protein. The glutathione Stransferase Cb peritrophin-15 construct produced a heterogeneous group of fusion proteins. Cb peritrophin-42 was also expressed as an amino-terminal hexaHis tagged protein. The two putative domains of Cb peritrophin-42 were also separately expressed, again with amino-terminal hexaHis tags. Cultures of the hexaHis constructs Cb peritrophin-48, -15 and –42 were demonstrated to be useful for the production and purification of these protein antigens and were scaled-up for vaccine trials and protein characterization studies. Key words: Chrysomya, peritrophic membrane, peritrophin, recombinant protein, hexaHis tag, GST

185 - 191

Authors: Roger Pearson, Sri Muharsini, Gene Wijffels, Tony Voucoloco

To evaluate the feasibility of vaccinating sheep against the Old World Screwworm fly Chrysomya bezziana several recombinant peritrophin proteins were expressed in either a denatured form in Escherichia coli or a native-like form in Pichia pastoris cultures. Purification of the hexaHis tagged proteins was achieved by immobilized metal affinity chromatography. Proteins purified under reducing conditions were refolded using a glutathione shuffle procedure. Purification of a glutathione-Stransferase fusion protein was attempted using glutathione affinity chromatography in conjunction with anion exchange chromatography. The authenticity of the expressed proteins was verified by amino terminal amino acid sequencing. Carbohydrate analysis using biotinylated lectins revealed that Cb-peritrophin-48 expressed in Pichia pastoris was glycosylated with high mannose-type sugars. Four of the purified recombinant proteins were used to evaluate their protective immunogenicity in sheep against Chrysomya bezziana strike. Key words: Screwworm fly, Chrysomya bezziana, recombinant proteins, immobilized metal affinity chromatography

197 - 200

Authors: Creig Eisemanni, Sri Muharsini

The glycoprotein Cb-peritrophin-42 was localized in third instar larvae of Chrysomya bezziana using primary antibodies raised against a non-glycosylated bacterial recombinant form of this protein. Both immunofluorescent antibody techniques on unfixed whole mounts of gut tissues and immunogold electron microscopy techniques on ultra-thin sections of fixed and embedded tissues were employed. The protein was shown to be exposed over the whole of both surfaces of the peritrophic membrane and to occur throughout its thickness. Immunogold labelling indicated that Cb-peritrophin-42 was expressed in the peritrophic membrane-secreting cells of the cardia, a specialized peritrophic membrane-forming organ situated at the junction of the foregut and midgut. The accessibility of Cb-peritrophin-42 present in intact peritrophic membrane to the primary antibodies used in the immunofluorescent antibody localization indicates that this glycoprotein is a potential molecular target for vaccination of host animals against larvae of Chrysomya bezziana. Key words: Cb-peritrophin-42, Cb42, glycoprotein, peritrophic membrane, immunolocalization

73 - 83

Authors: Subandriyo ., Bambang Setiadi, Eko Handiwirawan, Agus Suparyanto

Under semi-intensive conditions, the composite genotype (K) (25% Barbados Blackbelly; BB, 25% St. Croix; SC, 50% Sumatra Thin Tail; DETS) showed relatively have similar weaning weight as compared to other contemporary crossbred, therefore under intensive conditions (confined), they are expected to have better performances. The objective of the study are to find performances of the second generation composite genotype lambs and the first generation performances of the ewes, as well as several genetics parameters under intensive conditions, and compared to the Barbados Blackbelly Cross (BC) as contemporary crossbred. The growth of pre- and post-weaning of BB crossbred (BC) and the second generation of composite genotype (K-F2) are relatively the same. Growth curve using Von Bertalanffy model with the equation of Wt (t) = A*(1-B*e**(- K*t)), show that the equation for BC is Wt (t) = 26.8(1-0.92e**(-0.01t) and for K-F2 is Wt(t) = 26.1(1-0.92e**(-0.01t). This equation indicate that the growth of BC and K-F2 is not significantly different. The BC and K-F2 genotype reach maturity at the weight of 26.8 and 26.1 kg, respectively, and both with rate of reaching maturity of 0.01. Mating weight and weight at lambing of those two genotypes are around 29 - 30 kg dan 31 kg, respectively. The mean of litter size of BC and K-F1 are 1.52 and 1.48, respectively or around 1.5. The average litter size at weaning are 1.39 and 1.34, respectively for BC and K-F1. This means that pre-weaning mortality are around 5.37 and 9.76%, respectively for BC and K-F1. The lambing interval of BC and K-F1 are 211 and 223 days, or 0.58 and 0.61 year, respectively. Therefore the reproductive rate (RR) of the respective genotype are 1.39/0.58 = 2.39 and 1.34/0.61 = 2.19, respectively. The average of litter weight at weaning (LWW) of BC x BC, SC crossbred (HC) x BC and K-F1 x K-F1 are 11.62, 12.60 and 11.83 kg, respectively. Therefore based on the ewe genotype the LWW of BC and K-F1 are 11.74 and 11.83 kg, respectively. Flock productivity (FP) for those two genotypes per year are 20.24 and 19.39 kg, respectively for BC and K-F1. Dam productivity index (DPI) that calculated as /ewe weight for those two genotypes are 0.67 and 0.66, respectively for BC and K-F1. Meanwhile, the flock efficiency index (FEI) that calculated as FEI = FP/ewe weight0.75 for the respective genotypes are 1.57 and 1.54 for BC and K-F1. The estimates of repeatability of litter weight at weaning show relatively low value (0,092), therefore the estimate of MPPA (Most Probable Producing Ability) for predicting the future productivity is relatively the same. The estimate of MPPA for litter weight at weaning (LWW) for the respective genotype are 11.79 and 11.81 kg, respectively for BC and K-F1. Results of the study show that performances of composite genotypes (F) and the contemporary crossbred (BC) are relatively similar in the traits of growth, dam productivity and the estimate of MPPA. Key words : Composite sheep, performance of production and reproduction, intensif condition

92 - 99

Authors: Amlius Thalib, B Haryanto, S Kompiang, I-W Mathius, A Aini

Performances of coccus and rod-shaped cellulolytic bacteria as inoculum for fermentation of fibrous substrate treated with growth or stimulator factors have been conducted by in vitro. The bacteria were firstly separated and purified based on their morphological shape and followed by identification of their gram type. The treatments as follow : control, Cu (1,0 ppm), Zn (6,0 ppm), Se (0,02 ppm), Fe (16 ppm), Co (0,02 ppm), Mn (4,0 ppm), Mo (0,002 ppm), and phenylpropionic acid (PPA) (30 ppm). These factors were added into fermentation media individually (F.P/S) and as mixture (Mix F.P/S). Substrates used were cellulose and rice straw. Measurements were bacterial digestion of drymatter (DMD), bacterial count, volatile fatty acids (VFA) and NH3-N contents. Gram test showed that inoculum cellulolytic cocci and rods are gram-positive and gram-negative consecutively. The results of treatments showed that Cu, Zn, Co, Mo and PPA improve digestibility of cellulose and rice straw substrates by cellulolytic cocci significantly (p<0.05), and beside Mn, these factors increased the total count of cellulolytic cocci in fermentation medium significantly (p<0.05). The growth or stimulator factors increasing digestibility values of the substrates by cellulolytic rods significantly (p<0.05) were Cu, Zn, Se, Fe, Co, Mn and Mo (except Mn for rice straw substrate). Only 4 elements of the growth and stimulator factors increasing the total count of cellulolytic rods during fermentation of cellulose and rice straw substrates significantly (p<0.05) that is Zn, Co, Mn and Mo. Digestibility of cellulose by cocci is higher than by rods (34.65% vs 29.87%), however, the digestibility of rice straw by both bacteria did not show difference. Digestibility of both cellulose and rice straw substrates was improved by cocci and rods combination and improved further when treated with Mix F.P/S. Parameters of fermentation media ecosystem measured (i.e. total count of bacteria, VFA and NH3-N) were generally changed to be better when treated with Mix F.P/S. It is concluded that performances of cocci and rods in digesting fibrous substrate are different, and growth or stimulator factors improved the activities of both group of bacteria significantly. Key words : Cellulolytic cocci, cellulolytic rods, growth and stimulator factors, bacterial digestion

107 - 112

Authors: A.P Sinurat, T Purwadaria, P.P Ketaren, D Zainuddin, I.P Kompiang

Palm oil sludge a by product of palm oil industry is not commonly used in poultry feed due to some limiting factors such as low protein and amino acids content and high fiber content. These limiting factors were expected to be reduced by fermentation technology. Therefore an experiment was conducted to study the use of fermented (FLS) and non-fermented palm oil sludge (LS) for broiler chicken feed. Two hundred and ten day-old broiler chicks were used for this study. The birds were allocated into 35 cages with 6 birds in each cage. Each 5 group of birds were fed with one of 7 experimental diets. All diets were formulated with similar nutrient contents containing either LS or FLS at 3 different levels (5, 10 and 15%) and a control diet with no LS or FLS. The experimental diets were fed for 6 weeks and the performances were observed. Carcass yield, abdominal fat, weight of liver and gizzard were also measured at the end of the trial. The results showed that LS or FLS can be included in broiler’s diet, since the mortality, carcass yield, abdominal fat, liver and gizzard were not significantly affected. Best level inclusion of LS was 5%. Although inclusion of 10-15% LS did not affect growth and feed conversion significantly, the feed intake was significantly depressed. The best level inclusion of FLS was 10%, since higher level (15%) caused growth depression. Key words: Palm oil sludge, fermentation, broilers

119 - 124

Authors: Susan Maphilindawati Noor, Alan J Husband

In ovo immunisation of chickens with flagellin and whole cell protein antigens of Campylobacter jejuni was examined to determine Campylobacter infection. Four groups of embryonated chicken eggs (10 eggs per group) were immunised in ovo at day 17 of incubation and booster was given at 7 days post-hatch. Group I was immunised in ovo and oral booster with whole cell protein of C. jejuni, group II was immunised in ovo and oral booster with C. jejuni flagellin protein, group III was immunised in ovo and intraperitoneal booster with whole cell, and group IV was treated as control. The humoral immune responses were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and the mucosal immune responses were examined by a direct fluorescent histology antibody technique. Immunised chickens of Group I, II, and III shown to have higher antibody titers than those of control chickens (group IV). The titres of anti-campylobacter antibodies of all isotypes in serum, bile, and intestinal scrapping after challenge were not significantly different in all groups. In addition, when immunised chickens were orally challenged with a homologous strain of viable C. jejuni organism, the chickens remained infected throughout the experiment based on cloacal swabs and caecal contents. These findings indicated that although in ovo immunisation resulted in increasing of the mucosal and humoral immune responses in chickens, it is not strong enough to protect the Campylobacter colonisation in the intestinal tract. Key words : In ovo immunisation, Campylobacter jejuni, whole cell, flagellar, chickens

132 - 140

Authors: S Partoutomo

The main impacts of T. evansi infection in cattle and buffaloes include weight losses, deaths, and reduction of productivity, morover immunosuppressive conditions as a result of this parasite infection are commonly found. Dinitrochlorobenzene skin contact sensitisation (DNCB), phytohaemagglutinin skin (PHA) and homologous passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (HPCA) tests have been used for diagnosis of immunosuppression in man. The purposes of these experiments were to detect immunosuppression caused by T. evansi infection and malnutrition in normal and malnutrition buffaloes. Sixteen male and female buffaloes, 12-18 months of ages were divided into 4 groups, Group1 fed with high grade of ration and infected with T. evansi, Group2 fed with high grade of ration not infected, Group3 fed with low grade of ration and infected with T. evansi, and Group4 fed with low grade of ration and not infected. Buffaloes fed with high grade of ration are assumed as normal animals, while buffaloes fed with low grade of ration are assumed as malnutrion animals. These buffaloes were kept in fly proof fences in the Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Bogor. The experimental results indicated that normal buffaloes produced significantly (P<0,05) wider and thicker inflammation areas in DNCB and PHA test respectively than malnutrition and T. Evansi infected buffaloes one week after T. evansi infection. The widest skin reaction of 33 + 4.7 mm2 in DCCB and the thickest skin reaction of 45 + 1,0 in PHA test was obtained in 24 hours after DNCB challenge or PHA injection. Thereafter both DNCB and PHA test showed the reduction of the skin reactions, however they were still positive in 48 hours and becoming negative in 72 hours later. PHA test was able to differenciate the intensity of either the combined effects of malnutrition and T. evansi infection, T. evansi infection, or malnutrition alone. HPCA test showed inconsistent results. Keys words : Trypanosoma evansi, immunosuppression, DNCB, PHA, HPCA

1 - 6

Authors: Thalib A, J Bestari, Y Widiawati, H Hamid, D Suherman

Treatment of rice straw silage with addition of buffalo rumen microbes was conducted to improve the ruminal digestion of rice straw in ongole cattle. Three fistulated cattles were each introduced to dietary treatment: I. Untreated rice straw (JPTP), II. Rice straw ensilaged with buffalo rumen microbes (SJPMR-Kr), and ID. Elephant grass (RG). All diets were formulated isonitrogeneous (14% crude protein) and fed to animals over a period of 4 weeks. After 4 weeks of feeding trial, rwnen fluid of the animals were evaluated to digest its own basal diet (as substrate). The results show that cumulative gas production resulting from the substrate fermented (96 hours) by rumen fluid from cattle fed diet II is 205% of the diet I and 151 % of the diet ID. Measurements of DMD of the substrates after the gas production procedure show the similar trend (ie. DM digestibilities for JPTP= 33%; SJPMR-Kr= 54% dan RG= 45%). Means of in sacco DMD (72 hours incubation) confirm the results of gas production (ie. in sacco DM Digestibilities for JPTP= 35%; SJPMR-Kr= 44% and RG= 39%). All results described between treatments are highly significant different (P0.05), except for total VFA (ie. JPTP= 0.52 mg Inri; SJPMR-Kr= 3,37 mg Inri and RG= 3.15 mg Inri). Key words: Rice straw, silage, microbes, cattle and buffalo

12 - 22

Authors: Priyanto D, A.R Siregar, E Handiwirawan, Subandriyo

Sumatera thin tail (STT) sheep are highly adapted to the local environment, no seasonal reproductive activity, and highresistance to internal parasite, but they have small body size and low mature body weight. "On Fann research" to identify morphological characteristics of intoduced breed and STT sheep, as well as an altemative conservation pattem were conducted in two location, i.e. Pulahan village, Air Batu District, Asahan Regency as the potensial area for STT sheep and Pulo Gambar village, Galang District, Deli Serdang Regency as the development area of introduced breed of sheep. The approach of Agroecosystem analysis, quantitative and qualitative characteristics of STT and introduced breed of sheep as well as interview to the farmer that raised STT in order to get recommendation of conservation pattern were aplied. The study show that STT sheep were isolated from the other area, and the populations tend to decrease from year to year. Qualitative characteristics of STT indicated smaller linear body measurements than those of introducted breed of sheep at the same age. Qualitative characteristics indicated that STT possess dominance body color of light brown and white (50.93% vs 41.28%). The STT mostly have one body color pattern (61.75%). The dominance spotted pattem were 1-10% of the body (60.29%), while the dominance of the head color was light brown (48.40%). Conservation pattern of STT are through natural process, in which the farmers are directly conserved, therefore the farmers do not have opportunity to develop their sheep farming. Therefore the conservation pattern recomnendation for STT sheep are by defending the location as "in situ conservation" or "on farm conservation" and giving "compensation program" to fanner because STT sheep farming less benefit than those of introduced breed of sheep. Key Word: Sumatera thin tail sheep, introduced breed of sheep, characterization, Conservation patter

32 - 37

Authors: Supriyati ., D Yulistiani, E Wina, H Hamid, B Haryanto

The effects of inorganic and organic Zn, Cu and Mo supplementation to the in vitro digestibility of Elephant grass were studied in this trial. The in vitro trial used the TILLEY dan TERRY method modified by VAN SOEST with the incubation of the grass for 48 hours in sheep rumen liquor medium. Mineral added as fonn of organic and inorganic. The treatment of mineral inorganic supplementations were by adding single e1emen Cu, Zn and Mo and its combination. Mineral added was Zn (as chloride and sulphate salts) 5 ppm, Cu (sulphate salt) 0,1 ppm dan Mo (molybdate salt) 5 ppm, with 4 replicates. Meanwhile the organic minerals added were in the proteinate fonns. Parameter measured were in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD), in vitro organic matter digestibility (IVOMD), pH, VF A total and NH3. Statistical analysis was done by using Complete Split splitsplot design. The supplementation increased pH value, VFA total, IVDMD and IVOMD value (P<0,05) and decreased NH3 value. The highest IVDMD and IVOMD values obtained at the mixture supplementation of mineral Zn (as Zn S04), Cu and Mo, from 58,31 became 69.73% and 52.22 became 62.55% respectively for IVDMD and NOMD. pH value increased from 6.48 to 7.05 and ammonia content decreased from 1,17 to 0,14%. The organic mineral supplementation, en-proteinate dan Zn-proteinate showed that the adding of Zn, Zn and Mo, Zn and Cu also the combination of Zn, Cu and Mo, resulted in IVDMD values as 70.29; 69.97, 64.12 and 63.93%. Further more IVDMD value at the supplementation of Cu and the combination of Cu and Mo were 65.08 and 60,49%. It can be concluded that the supplementation of minerals in the form of inorganic or organic could improve the IVDMD values Key words: Three element, in vitro digestibility, sheep

46 - 52

Authors: Sendow I, S Bahri, A Sarosa

Japanese-B-Encephalitis (JE) is a zoonotic disease which is characterized by encephalitis, caused by JE virus. The situation of this disease has not been known in both animals and human in Indonesia. This paper reports serological finding using competitive - ELISA to evaluate 953 serum samples, comprised of chicken, ducks, cattle, goats, horses, dogs, pigs and human from different areas in Indonesia. The antibody against JE virus was detected in animals and human sera, with prevalence varied among species and location. Cattle showed the highest prevalence of reactor (51 %) while pigs, dogs and horses had the lowest reactor (11%,12% and ]4%). The highest prevalence of reactor in cattle was found in North Sumatera (86%) and the lowest was found in West Java (23%). In goat, the highest prevalence of reactor was found in West Kalimantan (59%) and the lowest was detected in South Sulawesi (14%). Antibody against JE virus was also detected in chicken with the highest prevalence in North Sumatera and West Kalimantan (44%) and the lowest was in South Sulawesi (36%). The highest percentage of reactor in pigs was detected in South Sulawesi (50%) and the lowest was detected in West Kalimantan (2%). In human, the highest prevalence of reactor was found in West Kalimantan (30%) and the lowest was fowld in Irian Jaya. This result provide more information for further research, therefor the JE cases in Indonesia and its social, economic and psychological impacts can be anticipated as earlyas possible. Key words: Japanese-B-Encephalitis, antibody, animals, human, ELISA

59 - 64

Authors: Supar ., Yudi Setiadi, Djaenuri ., Nina Kurniasih, Bhakti Poerwadhikarta

Avian cholera or fowl cholera is a bacterial disease caused by Pasteurella multocida strain of serogroup A, has been recognized as important disease in domestic poultry such as ducks and chicken. P. multocida strains derived from overseas and local isolates are stored as freeze dried and kept at the Research hlstitute for Veterinary Science (BALITVET) culture collection (BCC). Some of those bacteria are still alive and can be used as vaccine candidates. Each strain or isolate was activated in brain heart infusion broth containing foetal calf serum and incubated at 37°C then it was identitied by biochemical reactions. Field surveys Were conducted in Central Java and South Kalimantan to observe fowl cholera problems and sample collections for isolation of pathogens. Of the 14 of Pasteurella multocida strains or isolates from BCC, II strains (9 imported 2 local isolates) were still alive. In addition to this 2 isolates trom chicken and duck were viable. Seven out of 9 imported strains killed mice within 3 x 24 hours, similarly for the local isolates (BCC 299, 2331, DYI, DY2, 12TG, 15TG). However, the only BCC 2331 and DY2 isolates were able to kill two week old chicken witIlin 6 x 24 hours post inoculation. From this experiment indicated that the P. multocida local isolates (BCC 2,331 and DY2) are more pathogenic than that of imported strains. Two strains of imported P. multocida BCC 2331, 1362 and 6 local isolates (BCC 299, 2331, DYI, DY2, 12TG and 15TG would be selected for mono- and polyvalent vaccine candidates in the following experiments and the highly patogenic BCC 2331 and DY2 isolates would be used to challenge the vaccinated animals. Key words: Pasteurella multocida local isolate, pathogenicity, vaccine against fowl cholera candidate