Indonesian Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences

149 - 154

Authors: Endang Tri Margawati

The period of in vitro maturation,~20 vs 24 hours) with of without supplementation of :,~uk_ni;ia inhib toryy factor (LIF) (0, 500, 1000 or 2000 U/ml) was studied on bovine embryo development in vitro in a 2 x 4 factotial experiment w id oestgnoo i, a randomized block design . A total of 870 bovine oocytes were used . Besides embryo development, cell numbers of blastocysts v. : ;re also co , mted in order to study the quality of the embryos . Oocytes were matured in a modified TCM199 medium containing 10 ug/nil of FS-14 and LP., I 1~ t1L rstradiol, fertilized in TALP and cultured in SOF/AABSA medium. There was no interaction between maturation periods and LIF doses on embryo development (P>0 .05). Maturation periods, however, affected (P<0.05) blastocyst rates but did not for cleavage o, oocytes and the percentage of oocytes that developed into blastocysts . LIF doses during in vitro maturation did not affect embryo development (P>0 .05) . Cell numbers of blastocysts were also not affected by maturation periods and LIF doses (P<0 .05), however 20 h in vitro maturation and supplementation of LIF doses tended to increase the cell numbers. This study suggests that 20 h maturation increases blastocyst rates and that supplementation with LIF during maturation does not affect the quality of embryos produced in vitro. Key words : in vitro fertilization, oocyte, cleavage, blastocyst, cell numbers of blastocyst

161 - 168

Authors: A.P. Sinurat, P. Setiadi, T. Purwadaria, A.R. Setioko, Jinadasa Dharma

An experiment was conducted to study the metabolizable nutrients of fermented and non-fermented coconut meal for ducks. The study was also followed by a feeding trial on male ducklings. Assay on the metabolizability of nutrients (energy, protein, dry matter, and phosphorus) of the feedstuffs were conducted by total collection method. Results of the study showed that the metabolizable-energy, protein, dry matter and phosphorus of non-fermented coconut meal were 1,667 Kcal/kg, 31 .3%, 60% and 23%, as compared to 2,473 Kcal/kg, 36.3%, 63.2% and 36.1% for the fermented coconut meal, respectively. The feeding trial was designed to study the tolerance of ducklings to fermented or non-fermented coconut meal at 0, 10, 20 and 30% in the diet . Results showed that non-fermented coconut meal can be included in the diet of ducklings up to 30% with no growth depression . The use of fermented coconut meal at 10%, 20% or 30% depress growth of ducklings at early stage of growth (until 5 weeks of age), with no effect on feed consumption. The growth depression, however was not observed at older age. Based on the final body weight and feed conversion ratio it is recommended that the fermented coconut meal should not be included more than 20% in the diet of male ducklings . Keywords: Coconut meal, fermentation, ducks

174 - 177

Authors: Lies Pardede, Ngekep Ginting

Indirect enzyme-linked inununosorbent assay (ELISA) was standardised using vaccine strain to detect antibody respons raised to swollen head syndrome (SHS) . This technique can be used as an alternative serologic test due to its quickness, simple and relatively cheap. Besides, it would be suitable as a preliminary test before using serum neutralisation test (SNT) for reassuring diagnosis which takes time and costly for developing poultry industries. Key words: Antibody titre ; swollen head syndrome ; indirect ELISA

185 - 189

Authors: Agus Sudibyo, Facriyan H Pasaribu, I.W.T. Wibawan, Endhie Setiawan

Live vaccine of Brucella abortus strain 19 has been used for prevention and eradication of brucellosis in cattle . The information of the use of this vaccine in Indonesia is still limited, while the effectivity, bacteriological and serological aspects of the vaccine are not much evaluated yet. The objective of this research is to study the differences of protein cell wall antigenicity profiles between B. abortus strain 19, strain 544 and field isolates. Protein cell wall was prepared by sonicafion of B. abortus S19, S544 and B. abortus field isolates biotype l, 2 and 3 . Antiserum against these B. abortus was prepared in cattle . Futhermore, the distribution of protein band was determined by sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), while protein antigenic profiles was examined by immunoblotting . The result showed that there was no significant different amongs protein cell wall of these B. abortus. From the antigenicity profiles exhibited that cattle vaccinated with B. abortus S19, no antibody was detected against protein less than 30 kDa. The other side natural infected or experimental infected cattle with B. abortus biotype 1 field isolate, antibody was detected until protein which has molecular weight about 15 kDa. Key words: Brucella abortus, antigenic protein, immunoblotting

194 - 199

Authors: Sri Poernomo, E. Juarini

Fowl colibacillosis or colisepticaemia is commonly caused by Eschercia coli serotypes OIKI, 02Kt, and O7sKgo . To understand the distribution of these three serotypes of E. coli in poultry breeding farms in Indonesia, samples were collected from surveyed areas of Jakarta, Bogor, Tengerang, Bekasi and Sukabumi, West Java, Central Java, East Java, Bali, North Sumatera, Lampung, West Kalimantan and South Sulawesi . A total of 2,454 samples which consisted of 1,413 organs of sick birds, 398 feed, 336 drinking water and 307 litter, were collected throughout the surveyed areas . The specimens were then examined bacteriologically toward the presence of E. coli . As many as 950 E. coli isolates consisting of 85 (9 .0%) OIKI ; 489 (51 .5%) 02KI ; 101 (10.6%) 078K8o, and 275 (28.9%) of other serotypes were isolated from the samples . Key word : Escherichia coli, colibacillosis, chicken

206 - 211

Authors: Rini Damayanti

Surveys were conducted in five private slaughterhouses in Bogor district to reveal the histopathological prevalence rates of malignant catarrhal fever (MCF) cases in buffaloes . The study was carried out from 1992-1994 in five sub-districts, namely: Ciawi, Caringin, Cijeruk, Megamendung and Cisatua, covering 47 villages . Thirty- two samples (18 .1%) from a total of 177 were histologically being positive for MCF, although the distribution and the severity of lesions were varied amongst them . From those 32 cases examined, lesions observed in the rete mirabile, lung, kidney, liver, urinary bladder, spleen, abomasum, heart, and small intestine were as follows : 84.4%, 77 .3%, 65 .6%, 53 .1%, 28.196, 18 .8%, 9 .4%, 9 .1%, and 3.1% respectively. Keywords : Malignant catarrhal fever, swamp buffalo, prevalence, lession distribution, histopathology

81 - 85

Authors: I. Ketut Sutama, I.G.M Budiarsana, H. Setiyanto, A. Priyanti

Productive and reproductive performances of 85 heads of Ettawah-cross (Peranakan Ettawah or PE) does at first breeding were studied at the Research Institute for Animal Production, Bogor . They were fed freshly-chopped King grass (Pennisetum put7xtreophoides) and corn-husk (2 :1) ad libitum and concentrate feed was given at a rate of 300 - 400 g/head/day . During the last month of the pregnancy and lactation period the amount of concentrate feed was increased to 500 - 700 g/head/day . Sixty-five does were in pre-pubertal stage and 86 .2% reached puberty at liveweights between 16 - 21 .8 kg (mean 18 .8 t 0 .4 kg) which is about 60% of mature liveweight . Oestrus without ovulation was found in 6% of the animals which has contributed on the relatively low conception rate (64 .7%) . A high pre-weaning mortality of kids born (37 .5 %) caused production inefficiency that suggests the challenge to improve management practices . Milk yield of PE does varied widely (0 .3 - 0 .8 kg/day), hence, there is a chance for improvement towards increasing milk production in Indonesia through well planned selection program. Key words: Goat, Ettawah-cross, reproduction, milk

89 - 93

Authors: Prapti Mahyuddin

The effect of oestradiol 17 B was tested in 10 buffaloes, weighing approximately 242 kg . They were fed elephant grass ad libitum plus concentrate feed at a rate of 1 % body weight, and were randomly divided into 2 groups of 5, the treated and control groups . The treated group animals were implanted with a long acting oestradiol-silicone rubber on the left ear for 200 days . Oestradiol treated-buffaloes showed a significant increase in liveweight gain (0.89 vs 0 .68 kg/d) and feed conversion ratio (9 .2 vs 11 .2) . Certainly it has a significant economic advantage in using this growth promotant . Key words : Oestradiol, feed conversion ratio, buffalo

99 - 104

Authors: Agus Wiyono, Antonius Sarosa, Maria Goeng

A total of 4,977 sera from a sentinel cattle in West and East Nusa Tenggara were tested for antibody against BHV-1, the causal agent of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR). These sera were collected between June 1990 and June 1993, and were tested by using serum neutralization test (SNT). Out of these sera, 3,713 were suitable for IBR SNT. A total of 349 sera (10.4%) reacted. IBR reactors were more prevalent in East Nusa Tenggara (NTT) than in West Nusa Tenggara (NTB) . Based on this survey, it is concluded that antibodies against IBR virus are present among cattle in East and West Nusa Tenggara . Keywords : SNT, BHV-1, IBR, sentinel cattle

114 - 116

Authors: B.A.H. Zainal Abidin

The presence of parasitic protozoa and haematological values of the Malaysianjungle fowl (Gallus gallus spadiceus) were determined from 41 fowls obtained from a palm oil estate . Five blood parasites (Plasmodium juxtanucleare, P. gallinaceum, Leucocytozoon sabrazesi, L. caulleryi, and Trypanosoma sp .) and four coccidia species (Eimeria mitis, E. tenella, E. maxima, andE. brunetu) were identified . It was also found that the general blood picture of the fowl was quite similar to that of the domesticated chicken. These results seem to indicate that there was no apparent relationship between the haematological values and the presence of the parasites in the blood. Key words: jungle fowl, Gallus gallus spadiceus, haematological values, parasitic protozoa

123 - 128

Authors: Sukardi Hastiono, Rini Damayanti, Djaenudin Gholib

Two cases of aspergillosis in Javan Hawk-eagle (Spizaetus banelsi) from Safari Garden of Indonesia, Cisarua, Bogor, have been reported . Specimens of lungs, airsacs, livers, spleens, kidneys, and intestines were examined mycologically and pathologically . Mycological examination revealed in the isolation of the causative agents from lungs and airsacs, ie . Aspergillus niger from one bird, and Aspergillusfianigarus from the other one . Pathological anatomy examination showed formation of yellowish white miliary nodule lesions, especially in the lungs and airsacs, while histopathological examination showed congestion and granulomatous tissue formation in the lungs, ie . specific lesion of mycotic infection with necrotic zone in the centre, surrounded by lymphocytes, macrophages, fibrin, and fungal hyphae . Pathological changes of the other organs were also described . These findings were the first officially description of aspergillosis cases in these carnivorous birds . Key words: Javan Hawk-eagle, Spizaetus battelsi, aspergillosis, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus fumigatus

136 - 142

Authors: Yulvian Sani, Sjamsul Bahri

The purpose of this study was to investigate pathological and biochemical changes in intoxication of mindi leaf (Melia azedarach) on skeletal muscle and myocardial tissues . Fifty two male Wistar rats weighing 140 g to 240 g were intoxicated in 20%; 25% and 40% diet of mindi leaf ad libitwn for 25 days . Clinical signs did not appear the intoxication of mindi leaf. Specific pathological changes were not found macroscopically except cachexia and paleness . Skeletal muscle lesions on the other hand, were consistently noted microscopically . There were degeneration, necrosis and fragmentation of muscle fibres ; enlargement of nuclei ; fibrosis; oedema and hyalination . The hyalination was prominent and appeared to be more. progressive two weeks after dosing . Following the skeletal muscle lesions, myocardial showed degeneration, necrosis and fragmentation of fibres ; enlargement of nuclei and hypercellularity . Regeneration of skeletal muscle developed on day-5 after the substitution of mindi diet by normal diet indicated by disappearing of hyalin tissues . But, myocardial appeared to be regenerated two days after the substitution of diet . Enzymatic activities of alanine aminotransferase (ALAI) and aspartate aminotransferase (ASAT) were not affected. Both enzymes in treated animals were lower than the control . The substitution of diet showed an increased of enzymatic activities during the first two weeks of feeding then reduced at the subsequent weeks . However, these enzymes increased on day-3 after substitution and appeared to maximum followed by a reduction of enzymatic activities in week-4 . On the other hand, creatinine phosphokinase (CPK) was affected in which higher level was noted in treated groups than control . Substitution of diet has led to the reduction of cpc level on day-2 and appeared to reach the same level as in control group on day-21 . The control group was not affected either clinically, pathologically or biochemically . It remained normal throughout the experimental period . Key words : Melia azedarach, intoxication, pathology, biochemistry, skeletal muscle, myocardial

11 - 15

Authors: I. Gede Putu

A total of 350, three to four year old Daldale ewes were allocated into two treatment groups balanced for age and liveweight. Group TY was joined twice yearly (April-May and September-October) and group OY was joined once yearly (April-May). Three percent of fertile rams fitted with ewe marking crayons and harnesses were used in each group during the six weeks joining period. The productive performance were recorded during three years period. The average raddling rate, lambing rate and number of lambs born per ewe in the TY group were signicantly higher than those of the OY group (P<0.05). However, birth weight, weaning weight and pre-weaning growth rate of the lambs born from the TY group were significantly lighter than those of the OY group (P<0.05). There was no significant difference on wool production between the TY and OY groups (P>0.05). Total weaning weight of lambs horn from both the TY and OY groups for the first, second and third year of research were 2.29 vs 2.49 tons, 2.50 vs 2.63 tons and 1.43 vs 2.34 tons, respectively. It was concluded that the Daldale ewes showed a high proportion of oestrual activity in all year round indicating their suitability for the use in the intensification of sheep husbandry. However, the twice yearly lambing program is still need further research particlularly in selecting breed and other supporting factors. Key words : Sheep, productive intensification, twice yearly lambing

21 - 25

Authors: A.P. Sinurat, R. Dharsana, T. Pasaribu, T. Panggabean, A. Habibie

An experiment was conducted to study the utilization of local rock phosphate or natural defluorirutted calcium phosphate (NDCP) as phosphorus source for broilers by using the imported dicalcium phosphate (DCP) as a reference . The study was designed by formulating 6 experimental diets which consist of 2 phosphorus sources (DCP dan NDCP) and 3 dietary total P levels (0 .55 ; 0.65 and 0 .75%) . Each diet was fed to 60 chickens (10 replicates with 6 birds each) from three day old to 6 weeks of age . Parameters observed were feed consumption, body weight gain, mortality, Ca and P retention, and ash content of tibia bones . Results showed that dietary phosphorus levels (0 .55 to 0 .75 %) did not significantly affect body weight gain, feed consumption, and mortalities . However, better feed conversion ratio was obtained when dietary phosphorus level was 0 .55% . The NDCP treated birds could significantly gain heavier weight compared with those received DCP, although this improvement was also followed by an increase in the feed consumption . The relative biological value of phosphorus in NDCP was 101 `7n . It is concluded that NDCP can he used in broilers diet to replace DCP as phosphorus source . Key words : Rock phosphate, NDCP, broiler

31 - 36

Authors: Agus Sudibyo

The purposes of this research were to observe prevalence, distribution and reproduction failure evidence of dairy cattle brucellosis in DKI Jakarta . To determine the group of cattle infected with Bntcella abortus, senim and milk samples were carried out . At the beginning, bulk of milk samples were collected from containers . Futhermore, the blood samples were simple randomly collected on cattle that were suspected positive brucellosis in the milk ring test . Those serum samples were tested by using rose bengal plate and complement fixation test . Questioner data in relation with on any reproductive failures, such as abortion, premature dead and born weak, were gathered from farmer within 8 consecutive month period . The result indicate that screening of brucellosis using milk ring test based on bulk milk sample was effective tools to determine the infected group of cattle . The average prevalence of brucellosis in DKI Jakarta area was 4 .5 %. Distribution of brucellosis prevalence were 8 .5% at Setiabudi, 2 .3% at Mampang Prapatan, and 2 .9% at Pasar Minggu . Brucellosis was found at least 201 cattle from 38 dairy cattle farm in DKI Jakarta . Brucellosis was caused abortion about 62 .5% dairy cattle and this value was significantly different than that of uninfected cattle (P<0.05) . Brucellosis also cause stillbirth around 9 .8% and born weakness 15 .2% . The widely distributed and high prevalence brucellosis of dairy cattle in DKI Jakarta was influenced by uncontrol of cattle movement and high abortion cases rate . Keywords : Brucellosis, epidemiology, dairy cattle, DKI Jakarta

41 - 48

Authors: S. Partoutomo, M. Soleh, F. Politedy, A. Day, A.J. Wilson, D.B. Copeman

A study on the pathogenesis of Trypanosoma evawi was carried out in 5 buffalo calves and 5 buffalo adults, 6 Holstein-Friesian calves and 6 Holstein-Friesian adults, and 6 Ongole calves and 6 Ongole adults, each ofwhich was divided into 3 infected and 2 uninfected buffalo calves and adults, and 3 infected and 3 uninfected calves and adults of Holstein Friesians and Ongoles. None of infected animals showed acute clinical signs along the course of the observation period, however roughness of the hair and skin, emaciation, weakness and loss of weight gains were the common clinical signs. Clinical signs of calves were more severe than adults, and those of buffaloes were more severe than cattle . Gross pathological changes were not specific . The mortality rate was 2/3 in buffalo calves, 1/3 in Holstein-Friesian calves and 1/3 in Ongole calves . None of infected adults died of infection. Buffaloes had longer and higher parasitemia than Holstein-Friesians or Ongoles. Erythrocyte counts of infected animals decreased to lower levels than controls, however they fluctuated in the normal values . Haemoglobin and PCV values of infected animals were significantly lower than those of non-infected controls, and those of calves were more severe than adults, and those of buffaloes were more severe than cattle . Infections resulted in loss of weight gains which was the greatest in buffaloes then followed by Holstein-Frisians and finally Ongoles. Key words: Trypanosoma etnnsi, pathogenesis, buffalo, Holstein Friesian cattle, Ongole cattle

56 - 61

Authors: Rini Damayanti

Thirty rabbits were used in this study: 22 were infected and eight were used as controls . Fourteen rabbits were inoculated with blood taken from Ongole (Bos indices) cattle or buffalo naturally infected with malignant catarrhal fever (MCF). Another eight rabbits were inoculated with lymphoblastoid cell liras which contain Ovine Herpesvirus-2 (OHV-2), the causal agent of sheep-associated MCF. Various degrees and distributions of histological changes were observed and resembling the lesions developed in MCF. However 17 infected rabbits (77.3%) with non-suppurative meningoencephalitis, eight of them (47.196) were associated with the detection of Encephalhozoon cuniculi histologically . Key words: MCF, Encephalitozoon cuniculi, rabbits

68 - 71

Authors: Zainal Arifin, Supar .

Neonatal diarrhoea associated with enterotoxigenic Eschericia coli (ETEC) infections in piglets is common in most piggeries. Control of this disease is difficult with antimicrobial drugs under field conditions . It is due to the high precentage of ETEC strains resistant against there drugs. Field trials of E. coli vaccine were conducted to investigate the effect of dam vaccination on the reduction of diarrhoea and mortality rates. This study was designed in a factorial completely raralomizul block design . Vaccinated and unvaccinated dams was the first factor, while the second factor was location of the piggeries (Jakarta and Bogor) . Vaccination of sows at late gestation using a local polivalent ETEC vaccine appeared to have a dramatic reduction diarrhoea rate (P <_ 0 .0004) and mortality ride (P < 0.(x1001) in piglets. The reduction diarrhoea rate amongs the vaccinated sows in both piggeries was not significantly different (P <_ 0 .2338) . But, the mortality rate of piglets was significantly different in the vaccinated sows (P <_ 0 .026) . The economic impacts using polyvalent ETEC vaccine in controlling colibacillosis are the reduction of diarrhoea and mortality rates which leads to an increase of eveaning in piglets. These will be discussed. Key words: Piglets, neonatal diarrhoea, E. coli vaccine, economic impact