Indonesian Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences

9 - 15

Authors: Farida Fathul, Sitti Wajizah

Ruminants need micro mineral for both their own requirements and rumen microbe activities. The objective of this research was to study the effect of Mn, Cu, and its combination addition in ration on the activity of in vitro fermentation using sheep rumen liquid. This research was conducted at Laboratory of Ruminant Nutrition Faculty of Animal Science Bogor Agricultural Institute. The rations were R0 = basal ration; R1 = basal ration + 40 ppm Mn; R2 = basal ration + 10 ppm Cu; dan R3 = basal ration + 40 ppm Mn + 10 ppm Cu. The result indicated that addition of Mn, Cu, or Mn+Cu did not significantly influence (P>0.05) pH, NH3, bacteria and VFA; but they significantly increased (P<0.01) dry matter digestibility (DMD) and organic matter digestibility (OMD). The average: pH was 4.78 ± 0.07 – 4.89 ± 0.06; NH3 was 6.77 ± 2.07 – 7.47±0,67 mM, and VFA was 93.19 ± 55.79 – 136.61±15.31 mM. R1 gave the highest value of DMD (57.63%) and OMD (70.32%). The VFA related positively to NH3 (r = 0.86); with the equation Ý = -266.9 + 54.182 X and R2 = 0.74. It was concluded that additional of Mn, Cu, or Mn+Cu did not alter pH, NH3, and VFA. The additional of Mn altered DMD, but additional of Mn+Cu reduced DMD and OMD. Key Words: pH, NH3, VFA, DMD, OMD

22 - 30

Authors: Dicky Pamungkas, R. Utomo, N. Ngadiyono, M. Winugroho

The use of corn waste and coffee pod as basal diet needs energy and protein supplementation in order to optimize rumen microbial growth. A research was done to study the appropriate supplement which is suitable based on the result of rumen fermentation kinetics. Four ruminally canulated cows, (205-224 kg of live weight) were placed in individual cages. The basal diet (BD) offered were corn waste and coffee pod mixture (80:20). Source of high degradable energy (HDE) was cassava pomace; while the low degradable energy (LDE) was arenga piñata waste. The high degradable protein (HDP) was mixed-concentrate while the low degradable protein (LDP) was leucaena leave meal. The supplementation of energy and protein to basal diet was in ratio of 50:50 based on dry matter. Feed offered were basal diet and the supplement at ratio of 60: 40 (3 % of LW). Observation was carried out for 4 periods (10 days/period). In each period, animal was fed one of the following diets: A = BD, B = BD+ HDE+LDP, C = BD+LDE+LDP, and D = BD+HDE+HDP. Rumen kinetics observed were: pH, and VFA, NH3 and rumen microbial protein concentrations. Rumen fluid was taken at the end of each period gradually along the course of 24 hours fermentation. The results showed that the diets gave significant effect (P < 0.05) on rumen pH. The lowest rumen pH (5.76) was observed on diet D at 2:00, 12 hours after feeding. Meanwhile, the highest pH (7.22) was found in animal fed diet A at 16:00. The total VFA on diet D of periode:1, 3 and 4 showed the highest level: 68.1 mmol/l; 75.37 mmol/l and 85.14 mmol/l respectively. The highest NH3 concentration was found in diet D followed by diet C, B and A. At 12:00 observation or at 4 h after morning feeding the highest NH3 was observed from diet D (41.94 mg/100 ml). It is concluded that diet D resulted in the best rumen fermentation kinetic, therefore it could be used in feed formulation in cattle diets. Key words: Corn Waste, Coffee Pod, Degradation, Rumen Fermentation

40 - 46

Authors: Sisca Tirajoh, W.G. Piliang, P.P. Ketaren

Most poultry feed in Indonesia are imported while some of local feed such as rice bran is available throughout the year. Rice bran contains fiber and phytic acid so it needs to be supplemented with degrading enzymes and phytase to be used as poultry feed. This experiment was aimed to evaluate the effect of various levels of degrading enzymes and phytase on performances of broiler chickens fed diet containing rice bran. Based on Completely randomized design, a number of 280 of day old chicks (unsexed) were allotted to receive 7 experimental diets: (i). P1 = basal diet (control); (ii). P2 = P1 + natugrain: xylanase 1650 EXU + β-glucanase 1200 BGU/kg; (iii). P3 = P1 + phytase 500 FTU/kg; (iv). P4 = P1 + phytase 1000 FTU/kg; (v). P5 = P1 + fibre degrading enzymes (PU42 + BS4) 7,5 unit /kg; (vi). P6 = P1 + fibre degrading enzymes (PU4-2 + BS4) 7.5 unit /kg + phytase 500 FTU/kg; (vii). P7 = P1 + fibre degrading enzymes (PU4-2 + BS4) 7.5 unit/kg + phytase 1000 FTU/kg. The chickens were fed and given water ad lib for 6 weeks and then some were slaughtered for carcass evaluation. Results showed that supplementation of 1000 FTU/kg phytase to the diet improved feed efficiency and percentage of breast weight of chickens significantly (P<0.05). Supplementation of other levels of phytase, fiber degrading enzymes and its combination levels into the diets did not affect feed consumption and live weight gain of the chickens. Key words: Broiler Chickens, Fiber Degrading Enzymes, Phytase

56 - 62

Authors: Ferry Lismanto Syaiful, Zesfin BP, R Saladin, Jaswandi ., Hendri

The purpose of this research is to determine the effectivity of various cell co-cultures of cattle embryo production by in vitro CO2 5% incubation system and get the best cell co-culture. Cell co-culture which are used in the synthesis is the oviduct cells, isthmus cells, ampulla cells, follicle cells and without cells. Data were analyzed based on completely randomized desiggn. The average growth rate/ cleavage in various cell culture was: the oviduct cell 59.24%, ampulla cell 58.69%, isthmus cell 58.25%, follicle cell 52.24% and without cells 47.76%. The average growth of 8-16 cells embryos to various cell co-culture was: the oviduct cell 46.02%, ampulla cell 45.45%, isthmus cell 45.15%, follicle cell 43.07%, and without cell 38.50%. The mean percentage of morula in various cell co-culture treatment was: the oviduct cell 20.59%, ampulla cell 20.48%, isthmus cell 20.30%, follicle cell 16.96% and without cell 12.58%. The average percentage of embryonic growth (cleavage, 8-16 cells and morula) was not significantly different (P > 0.05). The treatment of a variety of cell co-culture increased significantly (P>0.05), blastocysts production, namely: the oviduct cell 3.28%, ampulla cell 3.22%, isthmus cell 3.08%, follicle cell 2.45% and without cell 1.97%. In conclusion, the treatment of various cell co-culture in 5%CO2 incubation system can increace the growth of cattle embryos in vitro. Key words: Cell Co-Culture, In Vitro Embryo, 5%CO2 Incubation System, Cattle

72 - 80

Authors: Hartati ., Sumadi ., Subandriyo ., Tety Hartatik

PO cattle is one of the local cattle with high genetic diversity. The aim of this research was to study genetic diversity of PO cattle in smallholder farmer based on morfology and molecular markers. This research was conducted at breeding center in East Java and Central Java include Tuban, Lamongan and Blora regency, since June until December 2008. PO bull used were of 18 months until 24 months of age and cow of 24 months until 36 months of age or at first calving as much as 30 head each location. The variables measured were body weight, body length, withers height, hip height, shoulder point width, chest girth, chest depth, canon bone circumference, head length and head width. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistic, average analysis between subpopulations, discriminant and canonical analysis and mahalanobis distance was done by SAS DISCRIM procedure. Whole blood were collected to get the data of polymorphism DNA microsatellite using technology of PCR and electrophoresis using 6 microsatellite loci. Variable measured were number and size of alel, alel frequency, heterozygosity,genetic distance and fixation index (F-stat). Data were analyzed using analysis of Microsate Toolkit, GENEPOPV4, MSA (Microsatellite Analyser) and Mega 4. The result showed that Blora and Tuban subpopulation have genetic diversity which is relative lower compared to that of Lamongan. The genetic distance which was close presented by Tuban and Blora subpopulation while Lamongan and Tuban subpopulation show far genetic distance. The result of canonical analyses showed high correlation on shoulder point width, head width, body length, withers height and hip height variable so this five variable can be used as distinguishing variables among subpopulation. The result of molecular genetics analysis using microsatellite showed that highest frequency of alel presented by HEL9 locus at Tuban population so this loci have the high polymorfism. The genetic differentiation among subpopulation showed by differentiation FST value among six loci indicating the increasing of inbreeding in the three subpopulations. Key words: Morphological Diversity, Genetic Differentiation, PO Cattle