Indonesian Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences

253 - 261

Authors: Y. Widiawati

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of pineapple waste substitution to mixed basal diet of Elephant grass and calliandra on rumen ecosystem. Pineapple waste was substituted to basal of Elephant grass and calliandra leaves (3:2) at the level of 0% (RA); 10% (RB); 20% (RC); 30% (RD); 40% (RE) and 50% (RF). In this experiment 24 Indonesian local male sheep (9-10 months old, 15.3 kg average body weight) were used, and were divided into 6 groups of dietary treatment (4 sheep each). Every group was offered one of the experimental diets (RA to RF) in a Completely Randomized Design. Pineapple waste was offered gradually for one month until the level of 50% (RF) was reached. The animals were adapted to experimental diets for about 14 days prior to the data collection period. Rumen fluids from each animal was taken (5 hours after morning feeding) for pH, ammonia concentration; bacteria and protozoa population analysis. The results showed that substitution of pineapple waste up to 30% had no effect on pH, but when the level was increased up to 40 and 50%, the pH (P<0.01) decreased. Ammonia concentration was similar when 10% of the pineapple waste was included, then it decreased significantly when the waste was given up to 50% (P<0.01). A decrease in bacteria population and an increase in protozoa population happened when the waste given was increased up to 50% but it wasn’t significant (P>0.05). Increasing pineapple waste given increased population of amyllolytic bacteria but decreased the population of cellulolytic bacteria. On the Elephant grass and calliandra basal diet with the proportion of 3 : 2, the best substitution of pineapple waste was up to 20%. Key words: Pineapple Waste, Rumen, Bacteria, Protozoa, Ammonia

270 - 277

Authors: Antonius

The objective of this research was to evaluate the use of fermented rice straw by probion on feed consumption, digestibility, daily gain and feed efficiency of Simmental cow. This study was carried out based on completely randomized design, with here dietary treatments and four replications for each treatment. The treatments were R1 (JP-15) = 40% elephant grass + 15% untreated rice straw + 45% concentrate; R2 (JPF-15) = 40% elephant grass + 15% fermented rice straw + 45% concentrate; and R3 (JPF-35) = 20% elephant grass + 35% fermented rice straw + 45% concentrate. Concentrate was given at around 08:00 while unfermented/fermented rice straw was given afterward at around 09:00. Chopped elephant grass was given twice a day at 11:00 and 16:00. Water was available through out the day. Observation was done for two months on feed consumption, digestibility, daily gain and feed efficiency. The results did not show significant differences on feed consumption, digestibility, daily gain and feed efficiency, except on digestibilities of cellulose and hemicelulose. The digestibilities of cellulose and hemicelulose of treatment R3 was higher than that of R1 and R2. It is concluded that fermented rice straw is suggested to be used as an alternative feed to substitute elephant grass in maintaining feed consumption, digestibility, daily gain and feed efficiency of Simmental cow. Key words: Probion, Cow, Rice Straw

284 - 287

Authors: Afnur Imsya, Rizki Paluli

This research was conducted to study the effect of substrat levels and incubation time on changes of mean of: lignin, neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber content of palm frond. This research was done based on completely randomized design with 2 factors as treatments. The first factor was substrate levels ie: 5, 10 and 15 litters, the second factor was incubation times: 3, 5 and 7 days of incubation which resulted in reduction content of lignin. Result of this research showed that treatments gave significantly different influence (P<0.05) on lignin, neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber of palm frond. The best treatment was 15 litter of substrate with 7 days incubation, resulted in: 9.22 % lignin, 38.56% neutral detergent fiber, and 32.19% acid detergent fiber of palm frond. It is concluded that substrate level and incubation time interaction in biodegumming process decreased the level of lignin, NDF and ADF in palm frond. Key words: Biodegumming, Lignin, Neutral Detergent Fiber, Acid Detergent Fiber

295 - 306

Authors: Ismeth Inounu, Erfan ., R.H. Mulyono

It is important to know body measurement because it could be used to estimate body weight as well as to differentiate the chrateristic of body measurement and shape of animal due to different breed or environment. This research was carried out to study morphometric characteristic of body size and body shape from 78 of Garut sheep (GG), 29 HG sheep {crossbred between St. Croix (HH) and Garut sheep (GG)}, 36 MG sheep {crossbred between Mouton Charollais (MM) and Garut sheep (GG)}, 62 MHG sheep (MG x HG) and 38 HMG sheep (HG x MG). Body part measured were wither height (X1), rump height (x2), body length (X3), chest width (X4), chest depth (X5), hip width (X6), chest girth (X7), cannon circumference (X8) and hip length (X9). Data obeserved were analised using t test and Principle Components Analysis (PCA). Based on PCA it was showen that chest girth was the primary identity for body measurement on males and females of Garut, HG, MG, MHG and HMG with its Eigenvector value 0.689; 0.709; 0.689 and 0.681 respectively. The primary indentity for body shape of Garut sheep were chest girth and hip heigth with Eigenvector value -0.600 and 0.551 respectively. The primary indentity for body shape of HG sheep were body length with Eigenvector value -0.725. The primary indentity for body shape of MG sheep were chest girth, rump heigth, and wither heigth with Eigenvectors value: -0.600; 0.558 and 0.555 respectively. The primary indentity for body shape of MHG sheep was wither height with Eigenvector value 0.608. The primary indentity for body shape of HMG was body length with Eigenvector value 0.764. Body shape of HG and MG sheep is different than that of Garut sheep, but the body shape of MHG and HMG were close to Garut body shape. This result indicated that the adaptability to environment of HMG and MHG is close to that of Garut sheep. Key words: Sheep, Body Size, Body Shape