Indonesian Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences

89 - 94

Authors: Supriyati

The effects of zinc-biocomplex and zinc-methionate on the growth of young sheep were studied in this trial. Eighteen young male local sheeps were grouped into 3 groups based on body weight. The treatments are: R1 (Control), R2 (R1 + Zn-biocomplex supplementation), R3 (R1 + Zn-methionate supplementations), with the concentration of Zn was 50 mg kg-1 in daily concentrate. Zink biocomplex and methionate were prepared in IRIAP laboratory. Feeds given were Elephant grass ad libitum and 200 g h-1 concentrate (CP = 15.40%). The initial body weights were 12.36 to 12.97 kg. Body weights were measured every forthnight and feed consumption was recorded daily. Completely randomized design was applied in this trial. Statistical analysis was carried out by using General Linear Model (GLM). After 3 months feeding trial the average daily gains were 52.65, 71.28 and 71.30 g h-1 (P<0.05) for treatments R1, R2 and R3, respectively; with the mean daily intakes were 583, 562 and 531 g h-1 (P<0.05). The mean feed conversion ratio (FCR) for R1, R2 and R3 were 10.96, 8.44 dan 8.75 (P<0.05). It could be concluded that supplementation of Zn biocomplex and methionate produced in this institute (R1 and R2) gave better performance than control. Forms of Zn (biocomplex and methionate) did not give significant effect on difference (P>0.05) growth. Key Words: Zn- Biocomplex, Zn-Methionate, Supplementation, Growth, Sheep

103 - 108

Authors: Asmuddin Natsir

Rapid and extensive degradation of faba beans (Vicia faba) by ruminal microbes can result in substantial and undesirable N loss from the rumen. The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that offering faba beans as a supplement more than once a day to sheep receiving a combination of oaten chaff and lucerne chaff as a basal diet will increase microbial protein supply to the intestines. The experiment was conducted in a Latin square design (4 x 4) using four mature merino sheep. The treatments were: T0 = basal diet ad libitum + nil supplements, T1 = T0 + faba beans (FB) fed once daily, T2 = T0 + FB fed twice daily, T3 = T0 + FB fed 8 times daily. The basal diet was given once per day at 09:00 in the morning while FB were given at the rate of approximately 0.5% of live body weight and delivered according to the treatment protocol. Urinary excretion of purine derivative (PD) was used to estimate microbial protein supply. The results indicated that even though treatment statistically had no effects on total urine output, PD excretion in the urine, PD absorbed, estimated microbial N supply, and the efficiency of rumen microbial protein synthesis, provision of supplement to sheep numerically improved microbial N supply by 92% compared to that of control group. However, there were no differences within the supplemented group. Therefore, it is concluded that feeding faba beans more than once a day was unnecessary. Key Words: Purine Derivatives, Microbial Protein Synthesis, Sheep

117 - 126

Authors: C Sumantri, R Diyono, A Farajallah, I Inounu

The objectives of this research were to identify polymorphism of calpastatin gene and to investigate any association of calpastatin genotype on body weight of local sheeps. A total number of DNA samples were collected from 288 heads of local sheeps from 8 populations. Two local sheep samples were medium tail sheeps (MTSs) of a Garut fighting type from Ciomas/Bogor (29) and a Garut meat type from Margawati (29). The remaining six local sheep population were one thin tail sheep (TTS) from Jonggol (36); and five fat tail (FTSs) from Indramayu (43), Madura (43), Sumbawa (26), Rote (36) and Donggala (46) respectively. Genomic DNAs of those blood of local sheeps were extracted by a standard phenol-chloroform protocol and amplified using a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique. PCR reaction was carried out in a thermocycler (Takara PCR of Thermal Cycler MP4) and PCR products were digested with Msp 1 enzyme restriction using a Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP) technique. The PCR-RFLP products were separated at 8% polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). A silver-staining method then was applied to detect fragments. Genetic variations between local sheep populations were calculated based on frequencies of genotypes and alelles. The association between genotype of calpastatin gene and body weight of local sheeps were calculated by General Linear Model method by SAS version 6.12. A length of 622 base pairs (bp) of the calpastatin gene of the Indonesian local sheeps was successfully amplified by the PCR technique. An MspI restriction enzyme cut the PCR product into two different length fragments, those were 336 bp and 286 bp designated as M allele of the CAST-Msp1; whilst that unsuccessfully cut PCR product resulted one fragment 622 bp designated as N allele of the CAST-Msp1. Locus of the CAST-Msp1 gene in most local sheeps studied was polymorphic, the exception was in the FTS from Rote of which monomorphic. The highest frequency of the M allele was in the fighting Garut sheep from Ciomas (0.29), whilst the lowest was in the FTS from Rote (0.00). However, frequencies of the M allele of FTSs from Sumbawa and Madura were similar (0.04). Further, frequencies of the M allele of local sheeps from Margawati, Jonggol, Indramayu, and Donggala were 0.24, 0.16, 0.13 and 0.12 respectively. The highest frequency of MN genotype was observed in the Garut fighting sheep from Ciomas (0.58), but the lowest was in the FTS from Rote (0.00). The heterosigosity was observed differently among populations. The highest heterosigosity was also identified in the Garut fighting sheep in Ciomas (0.43), whilst FTSs both in Sumbawa and Madura were for the lowest (0.08). Results of this study showed that there was a definit association betwen calpastatin genotype and body weight of male sheeps from which the MN genotype significantly related to a higher body weight compared to that of the NN genotype. Key Words : Local Sheeps, Calpastatin Gene, Polymorphism, Live Weight

133 - 139

Authors: A Sudarman, M Muttakin, H Nuraini

Lamb contains high saturated fatty acids and cholesterol. Consuming such meat tends to increase atherosclerosis incident. Fat content and composition of meat might be manipulated by giving lemuru fish oil which is rich in HDL and unsaturated fatty acids into sheep diet. Giving lemuru fish oil in the protected form, such as complex calcium-soap is believed to be more beneficial. Twelve sheep were distributed into four groups to receive four experimental diets in studying the influence of calcium soap on meat quality. The sheep were allocated based on Randomized Block Design and at the end of rearing period they were slaughtered. The experimental diets were: R0 = control diet, R1 = R0 + 1.5% calcium soap, R2 = R0 + 3% calcium soap and R3 = R0 + 4.5% calcium soap. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance and any significant differences were further tested using contrast orthogonal. The results showed that the treatments significantly (P<0.01) reduced fat content, both of low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL), and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) of sheep meat. There were no differences in tendernes, cooking loss, water holding capacity (WHC) and pH of meat. It is concluded that the best level of Ca-soap fish oil addition to yield healthy meat is 3%. Key Words: Calcium-Soap, Lamb Meat, Fat, HDL-Cholesterol, LDL-Cholesterol

150 - 154

Authors: Raphaella Widiastuti

The presence of drug residue in animal product may threat human health such as increasing resistance to Camplyobacter infection treatment due to the use of enrofloxacin. The objectives of this research was to study the concentration of enrofloxacin (EFX) and ciprofloxacin (CFX) residues distributed in breast, thigh and liver and to determine the elimination rate of such residues in chicken which recieved enrofloxacin orally at 50 mg/kg bw daily for 9 days consecutively started at 23rd day to 31st day of age. Samples of breast muscle, thigh and liver were collected from chicken at ½ to 288 h after the drug administration. The concentration of EFX and CFX in samples were analyzed by high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). The results showed that the highest residues concentration of EFX and CFX at ½ hr post administration of EFX was: in liver (117.47 ng/g), breast (95.16 ng/gr) and thigh (71.40 ng/g), whereas the order of elimination rate was: thigh (120 hr), liver (168 hr) and breast (240 hr). The results also showed that concentration of CFX was higher than that of EFX. Key Words: Enrofloxacin, Ciprofloxacin, Residues, Broiler Chicken