Indonesian Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences

249 - 253

Authors: Engkus Kusnadi

High environmental temperatures may cause heat stress in poultry. This may increase water consumption, decrease feed consumption and in turn, decrease production level. This experiment was conducted to study the supplementation of vitamin C as anti heat-stress agent of broilers. In this research, were used 72 broilers 21 days old. The treatment are two kinds. The first, two poultry house temperatures (32 and 240C as warm temperature and cool temperature respectively) and second, four levels suplementation of vitamin C (0, 250, 500 and 750 ppm of ration as C0, C250, C500 and C750 respectively). Variables measured are feed consumption, body weigh gain, content of abdominal lipid and feed convertion. The data collected were analized with a split plot design in completelly random design and continued with the contrast-orthogonal test when significantly different The result indicated that vitamin C significantly (P<0.05) increased feed consumption and body weigh gain. The warm temperature significantly (P<0.05) decreased feed consumption and body weigh gain. Feed convertion of C250, C500 and C750 in warm temperature were significantly (P<0.05) lower than C0. The supplementation of 250 ppm vitamin C (C250) was most efective as anti heat-stress agent in broilers kept at warm temperature. Key Words: Vitamin C, Broiler, Heat-Stress

260 - 265

Authors: Dini Hardini, Tri Yuwanta, Zuprizal ., Supadmo

Egg containing long chain unsaturated fatty acids is a functional food, because it is highly nutritious and could prevent diseases, (omega 3 and 6) such as coronary heart attack. The research was aimed to measure the change of egg cholesterol content during proceesing: frying, oiless frying and boiling and their influence to the blood plasma cholesterol of normal and hypercholesterolemia rat. Seven treatments of egg yolk were frying at 170°C for 3 min (welldone = GM), and 1min (half medium fried = GSM) using deep fryer , oilless frying at 70°C for10 min (fried = TM), and 6 min (half fried = TSM) using Teflon pan, and boiling at 100°C for 10’ (boiled = RM) dan 4 min (half boiled = RSM) using pan provided with thermoregulator and a fresh omega egg as a control. The Completely randomized design was apllied for 4 weeks research period. The data from different treatments were analyzed by Orthogonal Contrast. Fifty 2 months old male rats Rattus norvegicus L. separated in 2 groups; normal and hypercholesterolemia (blood cholesterol > 200 mg dl-1). The rats were placed in individual cage, fed 15 g h-1 day-1 and water drinking ad libitum. The ration was composed of 90% basal commercial feed BR II and 10% egg yolk was given to each animal at 20% of live weight. Factorial 2 x 7 of completely randomized design was applied. The data were analyzed by ANOVA and Duncan’s Multiple Range Test. Processsing method of egg affected to cholesterol content of egg, The lowest and the highest cholesterol contents were observed in TSM (0.30 g/100g) and GM (0.37 g/100g), respectively. Biological test using Rattus norvegicus L rat showed that either fresh and processed long chain fatty acid egg decreased plasma cholesterol. The highest and the lowest decreases of cholesterol content were found in the group consumed RSM (8.64%) and GM (1.77%) for normal rat; and control (46.3%) followed by RSM (44.53%) and GM (24.86%), respectively. To maintain normal cholesterol and decrease cholesterol content of cholesterolemian, the omega egg should be consumed in fresh or half boiled egg. Key Words: Cholesterol, Omega-3, Omega-6, Rattus norvegicus L.

273 - 279

Authors: Simon P Ginting, Andi Tarigan

The study was aimed to evaluate several nutritional quality parameters (chemical composition, intake and digestibility) in goats of S. secundatum and B. humidicola known to be highly and moderately shade tolerant species. The species of Pennisetum purpureuphoides was used as a control diet. These forages were offered to 21 male Kacang goats with an average body weight of 15.2 kg. The animals were divided into three groups based on the body weight, and were randomly allocated to one of the three forages species in a Completely Randomized Design. During the adaptation period (14 days) and the intake monitoring period (5 days) after the adaptation period the forages were offered ad lib. During the feces and urine collection period (7 days) feed was offered at 90% of the maximum intake to minimize the intake fluctuation. The dry matter content of S. secundatum (332 g kg-1DM) and B. humidicola (321 g kg-1DM) were relatively higher than P. purpureuphoides (211 g kg-1DM), while the organic matter content were relatively equal among the three forages species. The crude protein content of S. secundatum (83 g kg-1DM) and B. humidicola (85 g kg-1DM) was almost identical, but were lower than that of P. purpureuphoides (111 83 g kg-1 DM) The NDF and ADF contents were relatively similar among the forage species. The dry matter (DM) intake of goats fed S. secundatum (588 g d-1) or fed B. humidicola (577 g d-1) did not differ (P>0.05), but it was higher (P>0.05) than dry matter intake of goats fed P. purpreuuphoides. The similar trend was shown when DM intake was expressed in the percentage of body weight (3.60%, 3.55% and 2.77% BW, respectively) or when expressed as gram per kg BW0.75 which were 35.5, 35.6 and 27.7 g/kg BW0.75 respectively. The digestion coefficient of DM and OM were not different (P>0.05) between S.secundatum and B. humidicola, but it was higher than that in P. purpureuphoides. The digestion coefficient of energy were not different among these forages. The N balances were positive (3,0–3,6 g d-1) in goats offered these forages. It is concluded that the nutritional qualities of S. secundatum and B. humidicola were comparable, and it is relatively higher that the P. purpureuphoides when offered to goats as the sole feed. Key Words: Nutritional Quality, Grass Species, Goats

287 - 294

Authors: Muhammad Rizal, Maman Surachman, Herdis ., Achmad Selamet Aku

Cauda epididymal spermatozoa could be used as an alternative source of gamete in the application of various reproductive technologies, because the spermatozoa is motile and has ability of fertilizing the oocyte. The purpose of this research was to examine the effect of addition of seminal plasma on the quality of ram cauda epididymal spermatozoa preserved at 3–5oC. Collected-spermatozoa was divided into five parts then centrifuged at 3,000 rpm for 30 min and the supernatant was removed. One-fifth was diluted with Tris extender (Tris) and the remaining was added 0.5 ml ram seminal plasma then diluted with Tris extender (PS-Tris), 15% AndroMed + 85% distilled water (PS-AM15), 20% AndroMed + 80% distilled water (PS-AM20), and 25% AndroMed + 75% distilled water (PS-AM25), respectively. Quality of collected-spermatozoa including spermatozoa concentration (SC), percentages of motile spermatozoa (MS), live spermatozoa (LS), abnormal spermatozoa (AS), cytoplasmic droplet (CD), and intact plasma membrane (IPM) were evaluated. Percentages of MS, LS, and IPM of diluted-spermatozoa was evaluated every day during preserved at 3–5oC for three days. Results of this study showed that mean SC, MS, LS, AS, CD, and IPM of fresh spermatozoa were 11,660 million/ml, 65, 81, 7.6, 10.2, and 82.2%, respectively. Addition of seminal plasma in cauda epididymal spermatozoa prior to dilution could maintain the quality of spermatozoa during preserved at 3–5oC for three days. At day-4 of storage, percentages of MS, LS, and IPM for PS-Tris (43, 58, and 59.2%), PS-AM20 (40.5, 53.75, and 53.75%), and PS-AM25 (40, 54.8, and 55.2%) were significantly (P<0.05) higher than Tris (21, 34.8, and 33.6%) and PS-AM15 (20, 40, and 42.2%). In conclusion, addition of seminal plasma in ram cauda epididymal spermatozoa prior to dilution with Tris or 20 and 25% AndroMed extenders could maintain the quality of spermatozoa during preserved at 3–5oC for three days, and could be used for artificial insemination or in vitro embryo production programs. Key Words: Cauda Epididymal Spermatozoa, Seminal Plasma, Tris, AndroMed, Ram

302 - 309

Authors: I Inounu, S Sukmawati, R.R Noor

Garut sheep (GG) is one of some native sheep that had been well known to the people of West Java. This sheep have some advantages including their ability to produce multiple birth, reach sexual maturity faster and resistant to internal parasite. However, this sheep have also some disadvantages including low milk production, high mortality and low weaning weight. Crossbreeding is one way to improve animal genetic quality. The objective of this study is to evaluate whether the Garut, St.Croix cross (HG), and Moulton Charollais cross (MG) are superior in milk production when compared to Garut sheep. This study was conducted at small ruminant experimental station of Research Institute for Animal production from June to August 2002. The superiority of the crossed sheep was determined by subtracting the average milk production of the crossed sheep (HG or MG) and Garut sheep and then divided the values by the average milk production of Garut sheep, except for the threeway crosses (MHG and HMG) is calculated from the difference in milk production between the means of threeway crossbred with the means of two parents (MG and HG). The data had been corrected by parity and type of birth. The General Linear model of SAS was used to calculate the least square means. Average milk production from GG, MG, HG, MHG and HMG ewes in this study were respectivelly 53.41, 59.48, 55.89, 44.87 and 54.66 kg. The relative superiority for milk production of MG and HG were 11% and 5% over Garut sheep respectively and for the threeway crossbred MHG/HMG was -14% over their parents (MG and HG). Key Words: Milk Production, St.Croix, Moulton Charollais, Garut, Crossing

317 - 323

Authors: Boky Jeanne Tuasikal, Suhardono

This experiment was carried out to study the effect of infection Fasciola gigantica irradiated by using 60Co to goat’s blood values. Twenty local male goats, ten to twelve old months, 15-20 kg of body weight were used for this study. The animals were divided into 5 groups consisting of four replications. Three groups received irradiated metacercariae of Fasciola gigantica using 45, 55 and 65 Gy respectively. One group was the positive control (goats were infected by non-irradiated metacercariae) and another one was the negative control (goats were not infected by metacercariae). Each goat received 350 metacercariae. Body weight, Eosinofil, PCV and Hb were measured every weeks for 20 weeks. The result indicated that pathogenicity of irradiated Fasciola gigantica was reduced. In all parameters, among negative control group and three irradiation-groups showed non significant (P>0.05). Key Words: Fasciola gigantica, Irradiated, Eosinofil, Packed Cell Volume, Haemoglobin