Indonesian Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences

151 - 156

Authors: S Prawirodigdo, Muryanto ., D.M Yuwono

The aim of the study is to investigate the effect of rice bran inclusion in the fruit and vegetable waste (FVW)-based diets on the growth performance of fryer rabbits. Thirty-six growing rabbits (New Zealand x Flemish Giant) of about 1070.8 g initial body-weight were housed individually in the wire mesh cages and assigned to either one of a FVW-based diet containing 20% rice bran (RB 20%), 10% rice bran (RB 10%) or zero rice bran (RB 0%). Thus, each treatment consists of 12 replicates. Data were collected for 28 days. Results showed that inclusion of rice bran in the diet significantly decreased (P<0.05) dry matter intake (2888, 2830 and 3095 g, for Diets RB 20%, RB 10%, and RB 0%, respectively). Average daily weight gain of the rabbits consuming RB 20% (23 g), RB 10% (25 g) and RB 0% (33 g) was significantly different (P<0.05). Inclusion of rice bran in the FVW-based diet significantly (P<0.05) affected the feed conversion ratio of the diets (3.4 versus 4.4 and 4.1, for RB 0% versus RB 20% and RB 10%, respectively). Consistently, the average carcass weight of rabbits consuming RB 0% (1140g) was superior (P<0.05) to the carcass weight of rabbits fed RB 20% (1022 g) or RB 10% (1046 g). Overall, inclusion of rice bran in the FVW based diet is not necessary. Simultaneously, use of FVW for rabbit is promising to avoid the accumulated fermenting FVW problem and produce healthy meat instantly for food. Key words: Fruit and vegetable waste, rice bran, fryer rabbit, growth rate, carcass

164 - 171

Authors: Amlius thalib

Methane produced in the rumen system causes the lost of ingested chemical energy, and the methane emitted contributes the greenhouse effect to the atmosphere environment. A study to evaluate the effectiveness of saponin from Sapindus rarak fruit as an inhibitor of ruminal methanogenesis was conducted. The method conducted in this study was a fermentation of a substrate by in vitro technique using rumen fluid (obtained from fistulated sheep) as inoculum. Substrate (king grass) was fermented in anaerobic incubator system at pH of medium 6.9 and temperature of 39°C for 48 hours. Inoculum was supplemented with an ingredient obtained by extraction of Sapindus rarak fruit with methanol (Aksapon SR) and the ones without extraction (lerak powder), and further, these treatments were compared to other methanogenesis inhibitors (i.e. Fe3+, SO4 2– and poly unsaturated longchain fatty acids: PULCFA).The treatments were 1). Inoculum without treatment (K); 2). K + Aksapon SR (80 mg/100 ml); 3). K + lerak powder (160 mg/100 ml); 4). K + Fe3+ (0.8 mg/100 ml); 5. K + SO4 2- (96 mg/100 ml); 6). K + PULCFA (24 mg/100 ml). Measurements conducted were portion of methane, dry matter digestibility (DMD), NH3-N content, microbial population, and volatile fatty acids (VFA). The data measured were analyzed by using completely randomized design. The results of the experiment showed that Aksapon SR was the most effective inhibitor of methanogenesis compared to the others, that is when compared to control, Aksapon SR lowered methane production by 31% (P<0.01), and followed by treatments of Fe3+ (22%) (P<0.05), lerak powder (21%) (P<0.05), PULCFA (11%) (P>0.05) and SO4 2–(10%) (P>0.05). All additive treatments did not affect the DMD value of the substrate fermented by control inoculum. Compared to control, all treatments lowered the protozoal population where the Aksapon SR gave the strongest effect (1.91 x 105 vs 9.94 x 105 cell/ml), and the decrease of protozoal number in Aksapon SR treatment was followed by the increase of bacterial (4.13 x 109 vs 2.56 x 109 colony/ml). Aksapon SR and SO4 2- did not influence the total VFA production, while lower VFA productions were found on lerak powder and Fe3+ treatments (P<0.05), and the reverse effect was shown by PULCFA (P<0.05). Acetate/propionate ratio was significantly changed by Aksapon SR and lerak powder treatments (i.e. 1.37 and 1.33 respectively, vs 2.20). In conclusion, Aksapon SR was the most effective methanogenesis inhibitor compared to the others used in this study, and saponin contained in Sapindus rarak fruit could also be used as propionate enhancer. Key words: Saponin, Sapindus rarak, methanogenesis, inhibitor

181 - 190

Authors: Indrawati Sendow, Tatty Syafriati

Canine parvovirus is an acute and fatal viral disease in dogs. A total of 209 local, cross breed and breed dogs sera from Kodya Bogor, Kabupaten Bogor, Sukabumi, and Jakarta, had been tested using Haemagglutination Inhibition Test (HI) with pig red blood cells. A total of 64 breed and cross breed dogs from Sukabumi and Kodya Bogor, were used as a sentinel dogs to study the epidemiology of Canine parvovirus (CPV) infection and its immunological responses caused by vaccination. The results indicated that 78% (95) breed and cross bred dogs and 59% (51) local dogs had antibody to CPV. Sentinel dogs results indicated that dogs had been vaccinated showed antibody response with the varied titre dependant upon prevaccination titre. Low prevaccinated titre gave better response than protective level titre. From 19 puppies observed, Maternal antibodi were still detected until 5 weeks old puppies. First vaccination given at less than 3 months old, should be boosted after 3 months old puppied. Antibodi titre produced by natural infection will keep untill 2 years. These data concluded that the dog condition and time of vaccination will affect the optimum antibody response. Key words: Canine parvovirus, haemagglutination inhibition, isolation

197 - 203

Authors: R Damayanti, N.L.P.I Dharmayanti, R Indriani, A Wiyono, Darminto

The study was conducted to detect antigen H5N1 of highly pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) virus in various farms in East and West Java. The immunohistochemical technique was applied due to Hematoxilin-eosin (H&E) staining was impossible to visualize the antigen in tissue. Immunohistochemical staining was applied for some visceral organs collected from the areas where the outbreaks occurred in September-October 2003. The specimens were processed as histopathological paraffin blocks using standard method. The blocks that were suspected to have antigen H5N1 were cut and rabbit antisera to H5N1 produced from the local isolate was applied as the primary antibody. Biotinylated secondary antibody and avidin biotin peroxidase from a commercial kit were administered. The antigen present in the tissues were visualized by adding a substrate called Amino Ethyl Carbazole (AEC) resulting in reddish brown colour. This immunostaining proved to be accurate and reliably quick method to detect H5N1 antigen present in the avian tissues. In conclusion, the outbreak of bird flu was caused by H5N1 strain and the antigen could be found in wattles, combs, brain, trachea, lungs, heart, proventriculus, liver, spleen, kidney and ovary. Key words: Highly pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI), chicken, H5N1, outbreak, immunohistochemistry

210 - 215

Authors: Syahruddin Said, Koji Niwa

Relation of successful ICSI (intracytoplasmic sperm injection) with DNA stability and thiol-disulfide status of rat spermatozoa nuclei was investigated. Testicular, caput and cauda epididymal spermatozoa have been used for this research. The nuclei of these spermatozoa were stained with aeridine orange for DNA stability test and labeled with mBBr for thiol-disulfide status before injesting into oocytes. Cauda epididymal spermatozoa were very stable and contained high disulfide than caput epididymal and testicular spermatozoa. Results from spermatozoa injection into oocytes show that they were capable to fertilize oocytes. However, testicular spermatozoa can not develop up to blastocyst stage. These results indicated that successful ICSI at least in the rat depends on DNA stability and disulfide status of sperm nuclei. Key words: ICSI, DNA stability, disulfide status, acridine orange, mBBr