Indonesian Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences

220 - 226

Authors: A.G Nataamijaya

Line as well as ambient temperature, substantially affected the reproductive performance of birds, hence in this study lines C (control) and P (meat type) were assigned into two room temperatures i.e. 18 and 35°C, represented higher and lower land areas of Indonesian archipelago. This study was conducted to find out the effect of line, ambient temperature and it’s interaction on the reproductive phenotype of Japanese quail. A Completely Randomed Design with 23 factorial arrangement was applied using 8 males and 24 females of each room temperature, every bird was kept in individual cage. Each male was mated to one female for 5 minutes per day for 3 consecutive days, 15 days later the same male was mated to the second female using the same manner. The third female was mated to this male using the same previous way. Parameters measured were copulation number, egg mass, testes weight, fertility and duration of fertility. Results showed that copulation number of line P (1.10 ± 0.29) were lower than (P<0.05) that of line C (1,84 ± 0,33). Within 14 day period line P produced higher egg mass compared with line C (66.91 g vs 55.88 g). Line P testis weight (6.82 ± 0.36 g) were significantly (P<0.01) higher than that of line C (3.18 ± 0.34 g), while room temperature slightly affected the testis weight. Fertility rate of line P (29.07 ± 14.12%) was much lower (P<0.01) than that of line C (46.90 ± 15.44 %). Duration of fertility of line P (1.10 ± 0.35 days) was also lower (P<0.01) than that of line C (3.48 ± 1.28 days). Copulation number and egg mass were not influenced by high room temperature while rate and duration of fertility were substansially affected. It was concluded that some reproductive parameters of male and female of Japanese quail were affected by body weight and room temperature in different way. Key words: Line, quail, room temperature, reproductive

233 - 238

Authors: Dicky Pamungkas, Cesar C Sevilla

The amount of gas released when a feed was incubated in vitro with rumen fluid, was closely related to the digestibility of the feed. The experiment using Menke in vitro gas production was conducted to determine the dry matter digestibility of tropical tree legumes; Leucaena leucocephala, Flemingia macrophyla, and Gliricida sepium. The samples were collected from Institute of Animal Science farms of the University of the Philippines at Los Banos. The amount of gas produced were recorded at 3, 6, 12, 48 and 72 hours of incubation. To estimate the volume of gas, the equation of Tuah was adopted; while to describe the course of gas production, the equation of MCDONALD was used. The washing loss was not measured and assumed to be zero. Results showed that leucaena at 12 hours was the highest in the volume of gas produced (1.217 ml/g DM). There was a similarity of highly increase of the gas produced between gliricidia and flemingia at 24 hours of incubation i.e 1.60 ml/g DM and 1.60ml/g DM. The potential extent gas production at 72 hours (b value) and the gas production rate (c value) of three legumes were no significantly different. According to the logarithmic-curve of gas volume produced, leucaena tended to be the highest of increase in potential extent and the gas production rate. The different rate of gas production in related to incubation reflected the dry matter digestibility of the three legumes in the rumen. Key words: In vitro gas production, dry matter digestibility

247 - 255

Authors: R Damayanti, A Wiyono

An outbreak of Marek’s disease was reported to occur in broiler chicken in Districts of Tasikmalaya and Ciamis. A total number of 58 tissues samples of broiler chicken were collected from 7 flocks of commercial broiler chicken farms in both Districts. The disease affected broiler chicken aged 17 to 24 days. Those chickens had been vaccinated to Newcastle Disease (ND) and at age of 10 days had been vaccinated to Gumboro using blended bursa of fabricius. Tissue samples were fixed in 10% of buffered neutral formalin (BNF) prior to haematoxilin and eosin (H and E) stain using standard procedures. Histopathological features show that out of 58 samples, 32 (55.2%) were infected by Marek’s Disease (19.0% were infected by Marek’s Disease, 20.1% were infected by Marek’s Disease and Gumboro, 16.1% Marek’s Disease and other infections), whereas 44.8% were infected by Gumboro alone or accompanied by other infections, ND and Colibasillosis. The study reveals that Marek’s Disease infection in broiler chicken tends to be mild i.e. infiltration of neoplastic cells (lymphoid, pleomorphic) in proventriculus, intestine, spleen, livers and bursa of fabricius. In addition to this, there were mild non-supurative inflammation in heart, lung, peripheral nerve and brain, as well as a severe demyelination in brain. It is concluded that the histopthological features confirm the diagnosis of Marek’s Disease. Key words: Histopathology, Marek’s disease, broiler chicken, Districts of Tasikmalaya and Ciamis (West Java)

264 - 275

Authors: April H Wardhana, S Muharsini, Suhardono

The Old World Screwworm fly, Chrysomya bezziana is known as a myiasis agent in Indonesia. The aim of the study is to establish a reliable preservation methods for molecular analysis of insect. Cytochrom b (CB) and Cytochrome Oxidase sub unit I (COI) of mitochondrial DNA were used as markers. Drying method was used to preserve adult flies, while the larvae were kept in 10% formalin and 80% ethanol with or without soaked using hot water prior preservation. Two samples of each preservation were tested. Four primers were used to amplify samples using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). The PCR product were then purified and sequenced. Sequence data analysis of all samples suggested no differences between all preservation methods except using 10% formalin. Preservation samples using 10% formalin is not suitable for collecting mitochondrial DNA of insect. The best methods was using 80% ethanol with killed using hot water prior preservation. This method was able to extract a stabile mitochondrial DNA. Key words: Chrysomya bezziana, preservation, formalin, ethanol, mitochondrial DNA