Indonesian Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences

139 - 143

Authors: I.P Kompiang, D Zaenuddin, Supriyati

An experiment had been conducted to determine the effect of B. apiarius and T. delbrueckii, isolated from chicken gut, supplementation on the broiler performance. Evaluation was conducted by comparing performance of broiler chicken: (I) negative control/basal diet without antibiotic growth promotor (GPA), (II) positive control/basal diet with GPA, zinc-bacitracin, (III) basal diet + B. apiarius 5 ml/l in drinking water daily, (IV) basal diet + T. delbrueckii 5 ml/l in drinking water daily, (V) basal diet + B. apiarius 5 ml/l in drinking, daily during the first week, and there after given twice weekly, (VI) basal diet + T. delbrueckii 5 ml/l in drinking, daily during the first week, and there after given twice weekly and (VII) reference control, basal diet + commercial probiotic 5 ml/l in drinking, daily during the first week, and there after given twice weekly. Thirty two DOC broilers were used for each treatment, divided into 4 replicates (8 birds/replicate) and raised in wire cages for 5 weeks. Feed and water were given ad lib., body weight, FCR (feed conversion ratio) and mortality were recorded. The results showed that the performance of the birds supplemented daily (III) or twice weekly (V) with B. apiarius are similar to positive control (II) or reference control (VII) and significantly (P<0.05) better than the negative control (I). Performance of the birds supplemented daily with T. delbrueckii (IV) are similar to positive control (II) or reference control (VII) and significantly (P<0.05) better than the negative control (I). However, when given only twice weekly (VI), their bodyweight gain was significantly (P<0.05) lower than treatment II, III, IV and VII, but similar to treatment I. Its FCR value was similar to the other treatments. Mortality was low, an average of 1.3/32 birds, during the trial period and there were no differences between all treatments. It is concluded that both B. apiarius and T. delbrueckii could be utilized as probiotic candidates, replacing the GPA function. However, B. apiarius is better potential as probiotic candidate compare to T. delbrueckii. Key words: Bacillus apiarius, Torulaspora delbrueckii, probiotic, GPA, broiler

150 - 154

Authors: Supriyati ., I.P Kompiang

Cassava tuber skin is a by-product of cassava chip industry, solid state fermented using mixed inorganic nitrogen and Aspergillus niger. The fermentation process was carried out for 3-4 days. The chemical changing during fermentation of cassava tuber skin and its utilization in broiler chicken ration were studied. After fermentation showed that the crude protein, crude protein digestibility, crude fat, ash, Ca, Ca digestibility, P, and P digestibility improved. The contents of crude protein and its digestibility improved from 4.80% and 66.90% to 28.00% and 72.00%, respectively. The crude fat content improved from 1.32% to 1.80%. The ash content improved from 7.80% to 9.20%, this was followed by improving of Ca and P from 0.97% and 0.11% to 1.69% and 0.68%, respectively. Also the Ca and P digestibilities improved from 81.10% and 14.10% to 93.20% and 52.00%, respectively. The crude fiber content decreased from 21,20% to 14,96 %, cianide acid (HCN) and urea contents also decreased. The result of feeding trial showed that the inclusion of fermented cassava tuber skin up to 10% in chicken broiler ration for 4 weeks feeding showed that the feed consumption, bodyweight gain and FCR were not different significantly (P>0.05). However, 15% inclusion reduced bodyweight gain and increased significantly FCR (P<0.05). It could be concluded that the nutrient content of cassava tuber skin improved after fermentation and the fermentation product could be used up 10% in broiler ration. Key words: Nutrient composition, cassava tuber skin, fermentation, broiler ration

162 - 166

Authors: D.A Astuti, E Wina

The aim of this study was to evaluate excretion of purine derivatives and microbial–N supply in lactating Etawah crossbred goats fed with fermented soybean waste. Sixteen first lactating goats were randomly allotted into four dietary treatment groups that received 50% king grass plus R1: 50% concentrate, R2: 25% concentrate and 25% fresh tempe waste, R3: 25% concentrate and 25% fermented tempe waste, and R4: 25% concentrate and 25% gelatinizing of liquid tempe waste. Fermented tempe waste was made by fermentation of tempe waste (seed content of soybean) using Aspergillus niger, while for the gellatinizing of liquid tempe waste was made by gelatinized with maize flour. Protein balance studies were conducted during two week trial and at the end of the research. Urinary protein and purine derivatives were collected for analysis. Microbial–N supply was calculated from purine derivatives excretion. Results showed that nitrogen consumptions were significantly different between R4 and three other treatments and apparent digestible nitrogen in R3 were higher than that of R4 (P<0.05). The nitrogen retention in R1 and R3 were higher than that of R2 and R4. Urinary purine derivatives in this study showed that allantoin, xanthine and hypoxanthine in R3 were higher than that of R4, while R1 and R2 were the same and the highest uric acid excretion and total purine derivatives were observed in R3. Microbial–N supply were significantly different between all treatments where R3 was the highest. This research concluded that fermented soybean waste had the highest total purine derivatives excretion and microbial–N supply to the lactating Etawah crossbred goats. Key words: Etawah crossbred goats, Aspergillus niger, allantoin, xanthin and hypoxanthin

181 - 187

Authors: P Situmorang

This study has been conducted to evaluate the effect of inclusion of phospholipid in Tris-diluent containing different level of egg yolk on the viability of bull spermatozoa after chilling and freezing. Semen was collected by means of artificial vagina, diluted in Tris-diluent to get a final concentration 100 x 106 spermatozoa/ml. Diluted semen was cooled to 50C for 45-60 minute, equiliberated in those temperature for 4 hours and frozen by placing the straw 5 cm above surface of liquid nitrogen for 10 minutes. The experiments was factorial designed with two level of phospholipid (0 and 0.5 mm) and 4 concentration of egg yolk (0, 5, 10 and 20% v/v). The viability of spermatozoa was assessed by evaluating the percentage of motile, live and condition of apical ridge after the temperature reduced to 50C, stored at those temperature for 3 and 7 days and after thawing. Inclusion of phospholipid and level of egg yolk in Tris diluent significantly increased the viability of spermatozoa for both chilling and deepfreezing. The mean percentage of motile, live and intact apical ridge for 3 and 7 days of storage times at 50C, were significantly higher (P<0.05) in diluent containing phospholipid than without phospholipid. After thawing, the mean percentage motile, live and intact apical ridges were significantly higher (P<0.05) in a diluent containing phospholipid (49.9; 60.2 and 60.0) than those without phospholipid (39.1; 54.1 and 51.5). The effects of interaction between phospholipid and level of egg yolk on the viability of spermatozoa was not significant for both chilling and freezing. Level of egg yolk significantly (P<0.05) affected the viability of spermatozoa where the optimal level of egg yolk was 10% v/v for chilled semen and the higher level (20% v/v) was needed for frozen semen. In conclusion, Tris diluent containing 0,5 mM phosphatidyl coline with 10 or 20% egg yolk gave a best protection for chilled and frozen semen respectively. Key words: Spermatozoa, viability, phospholipid, egg yolk

194 - 199

Authors: Muhammad Rizal, M.R Toelihere, T.L Yusuf, B Purwantara, P Situmorang

Semen was collected once a week using artificial vagina from four mature Garut rams. Immediately after initial evaluation, semen was divided into three parts and diluted with tris extender containing 3% (G3), 5% (G5), and 7% (G7) glycerol, respectively, each with the concentration of 100 million motile sperm 0.25 ml-1. Semen was loaded in 0.25 ml mini straws, and equilibrated at 50C for three hours, then frozen and stored in liquid nitrogen container. Results indicated that percentages of post thawing motility and live sperm for G5 (40 and 50.50%) were significantly higher than G3 (32.50 and 45.33%) (P<0.05), but not significantly different with G7 (39.17 and 47.67%) (P>0.05). Percentages of post thawing intact acrosomal and plasma membrane for G5 (42.67 and 43.17%) were significantly higher than G3 (36.17 and 38.17%) (P<0.05), but not significantly different with G7 (38 and 39.83%) (P>0.05). In conclusion, concentration of 5% glycerol is the optimal dose in maintaining frozen semen quality of Garut rams. Key words: Glycerol concentrations, frozen semen, Garut ram