Indonesian Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences

141 - 147

Authors: I-W Mathius, D Yulistiani, w Puastuti, M Martawidjaja

This study was intended to determine the effects of increasing the ratio of banana trunk to soybean meal on intake, nitrogen excretion and lambs performance. Sixteen lambs (averaging 21.21 + 1.69 kg) were pen individually and fed a basal diet consisted of chopped fresh king grass and commercial concentrate and unlimited access of water. Lambs were randomly assigned to one out of four different ratio of banana trunk to soybean meal as feed supplements, i.e. (R0) 0:1; (R1) 1:1; (R2) 2:1 and (R3) 4:1. Results showed that the inclusion of banana trunk had no adverse effect on lambs performance. As it is expected, altering the ratio of banana trunk to soybean meal increased (P < 0.05) dry matter intake of forage as well as total dry matter intake. The digestion coefficient of dietary ration was not affected (P >0.05) by feed supplement. Despite of no difference was observed in the coefficient of nitrogen digestibility, apparent fecal and urine N-output were significantly (P < 0.05) affected. The highest ratio of fed supplement (R3) tended to decrease nitrogen retention. Overall data indicated that lambs offered basal diet supplemented with R2 treatment accumulated more N per-day, than those fed other treatments, and consequently lambs performance was the best on those fed R2 treatment. Key words: Banana trunk, protected protein, lambs

153 - 157

Authors: Amlius Thalib, B Haryanto, Kuswandi ., H Hamid, Mulyan

Preparation of anaerobic-rod cellulolytic bacteria with coating technique has been conducted. Steps of the processes involved were cultivation, coating, evaporation, and drying. Coating agent used was Gum Arabic, and drying techniquesconducted were freeze drying and sun drying. pH of culture media was firstly optimized to obtain the maximal population ofbacteria. Both coated and uncoated preparates were subjected to drying. Morphological and Gram type identifications showed that uncoated preparate dried with freeze drying is not contaminated (ie. all bacteria are rod shape with Gram-negative type) while the one dried with sun drying is not morphologically pure (ie. containing of both rod and coccus shapes with Gram negative and positive). The coated preparates dried by both freeze and sun drying, were not contaminated (ie. all are rods with Gram-negative). The coating and drying processes decreased viability of preparates significantly. However, the decreasing of viability of coated preparate are lower than uncoated preparate (ie. 89 vs. 97%). Total count of bacteria in sun-drying coated preparate are higher (P<0.05) than the uncoated preparate (ie. 3.38 x 1010 vs. 1.97 x 1010 colony/g DM). Activity of sun-drying coated preparate to digest elephant grass and rice straw was higher (P<0.01) than the sun-drying uncoated preparate with the in vitro DMD values were 42.7 vs. 35.5% for elephant grass substrate and 29.3 vs. 24.6% for rice straw substrate. Therefore, it is concluded that coating technique has a positive effects on the preparation of rumen bacteria. Key words : Anaerobic bacteria, coating, drying

166 - 171

Authors: Maxs U.E Sanam

Various mutant strains of Brucella suis type-1 have been recently developed including SDR-2 and SD-7. This research was aimed at revealing the course of infection and serological reactions, as well as the protection capacity of these mutant strainscompared to the reference vaccine strain 19, and the virulent strain B. suis type-1 in Quackenbush mice as a model. Antibody reactions were measured by an Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) and degree of infection was determined by bacterial spleen count. The results showed that the SD-7 was unable to perform infection in mice. Whereas SDR-2, strain 19 and the virulent B. suis type-1 were able to colonize the mice spleens with varying rate of infections. The inoculation of SDR-2 to the mice produced mild infection and lasted shorter than the virulent strain even with the reference vaccine strain 19. The number of SDR-2 and strain 19 organisms were sharply dropped at week-12 post inoculation while that of virulent strain was significantly remained high. Serological responses induced by SDR-2 was the lowest followed by those of strain 19, and the virulent strain. On the challenge with a virulent B. suis, histological examinations of the spleen of the control mice revealed that there was a marked depletion of lymphoid cells and reticuloendothelial hyperplasia in lymphoid follicles. However no significant pathological changes were observed in groups inoculated with either SDR-2 or Strain 19. Enumeration of survival challenge organisms in the spleens clearly demonstrated that SDR-2 provided significant protection (2.17 Log10) to the animals which was comparable to that provided by strain-19 (2.20 Log10). In conclusion, SDR-2 has a potential as a vaccine for use in pigs against Brucella suis infection. Furthermore SDR-2 offers some advantages over strain 19 in that it is less virulent and induces less antibody responses than the strain 19 and thus may have application in other animals. However, furher study on its efficacy as a vaccine for brucellosis in pigs as the primary host for B. suis needs to be assessed. Key words: Brucella suis, mutant strains, SDR-2 vaccine, strain 19, antibody

179 - 188

Authors: Endang Triwulaninngsih, M.R Toelihere, J.J Rutledge, T.L Yusuf, B Purwantara, K Diwyanto

This research has been conducted at the laboratory of in vitro fertilization of the University of Wisconsin, USA. These embryos can be used for improving genetic value of Indonesian cattle. There is transportation constraint in importing oocytes from USA. It takes more than 24 hours to bring it to Indonesia. In fact, oocytes maturation and ready to be fertilized normally requires only 24 hours in 5% CO2 incubator at 38.5°C. Therefore, this research is needed to study the effect of gonadotropin hormone and time for oocyte maturity and ready to be fertilized at a period more than 24 hours. If this problem could be solved then the importation of oocytes could be cheaper and easier than importation of life animals or embryos. Ovaries were collected from slaughterhouse in Wisconsin. Oocytes were matured in TCM-199 medium in 5% CO2 incubator and at 30°C enriched with FSH 10 μl/ml, oestradiol 17 β 1μl/ml and 10 % FCS as control of gonadotropin hormone treatment (A); with FSH 10 μl/ml (B); with oestradiol 17 β 1μl/ml (C) and without gonadotropin hormone (D) for 24 hours, 30 hours and 36 hours as time of maturation treatment I, II and III respectively. The oocytes were fertilized in vitro with motile sperm selection by Percoll gradient and incubation between sperm and oocytes in fertilization media (TALP) for 20 hours. All zygotes were cultured in modification of KSOM medium up to blastocyst and were fed serum 5 μl/50 μl medium on day 6. Data were analyzed by SAS program. Percentage of cleavage between time of maturation were significant (p<0.01); between gonadotropin hormone treatment A vs B and A vs C and B vs C and B vs D and between A vs D were significant (p<0.01), but between treatment C vs D were not significant (p>0.05). Percentage of blastocyst between time of maturation were not significant (p>0.05), but between gonadotropin hormone treatment A vs B and A vs C and B vs D and C vs D were significant (p<0.01), but between treatment A vs D and B vs C were not significant (p>0.05). Percentage of cleavage, morula, blastocyst, expanded blastocyst and unertilized ova on this study are 66.73%, 22.43%, 40.33%, 0.81% and 32.51 for 24 hours incubation (I); 61.55%, 25.69%, 32.69%, 0.54% and 27.61% for 30 hours incubation (II); 72.43%, 32.06%, 37.97%, 0.0% and 25.31% for 36 hours incubation (III) respectively. According to this study, in vitro production of embryo could be conducted at 30°C and incubation on maturation media for more than 24 hours. Key words: Oocytes, cleavage, embryos, blastocyst

195 - 204

Authors: Prappti Mahyudin

An experiment was designed to study the effect of increasing availability of amino acids in growing animal fed maintenance diet and which previously subjected to underfeeding. Twelve wether Iambs were divided into 3 treatment groups, each was fed pelleted lucerne (Medicago sativa). The treatments were: diet at maintenance energy level (M), M + 60 g formaldehyde treatedcasein(M + HCHO-casein) and ad libitum. The increase in protein consumption increased nitrogen (N) retention, although the highest efficiency of N retention occurred in animal fed M diet (0.36) compared to those fed M + HCHO-casein (0.31) or ad libitum diet (0.2). Provision of amino acids by supplementation of 60 g HCHO-casein resulted in an increment of 19 g glucose/d or 32 g glucose/lOO g protein. Glucose entry rate (GER) increased with increasing digestible crude protein. Although GER was not different between animals on M and M + HCHO-casein diet, the uptake of glucose in the hind-limb muscles of animals on the M + HCHO-casein was twice (0. 18mM) than that of animals on the M diet (0.08 mM). There was a significant effect on the uptake and output of essential amino acids, leucine, isoleucine, lysine and threonine and non-essential amino acids, tyrosine and glutamine as levels of protein in the diet increased. Supplementation with HCHO-casein increased the arterial blood concentration of branch chain amino acids (BCAA) by 76 % and phenylalanine by 61 %. In general there was an increase in the arterial concentration of amino acids in animals fed either M + HCHO-casein or ad libitum. However, this increase was followed by increased amino acids oxidation, which showed in increased urea excretion. There was a positive correlation between urinary urea and N intake, suggesting that amino acids were not fully utilized for protein synthesis or protein deposition. Key words: Compensatory growth, amino acid, N retension