Indonesian Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences

76 - 82

Authors: Sori B Siregar

Increasing milk production ability of lactating cows through improvement of feeds and feeding frequency was conducted at Tanjungsari Village Cooperative. Fifteen lactating cows of 3-4 months of lactation period were used. The cows were divided into five groups based on their average daily milk production and lactation period. The treatment consisted of RO (control=commonly practiced by farmers), R1 (2.5 kg. concentrate, given three times per head per day). R2 (2 kg. Concentrate plus 13.5 kg roughage given three times per head per day). The experimental design was completely randomized block design. The quality of concentrate given to the lactating cows was a better than that given by the local farmers. Improving feed supplementation and feeding frequency significantly (P<0.01) increased the consumption of dry matter, crude protein and energy of the feeds, and thus increased daily milk production, solid non fat (SNF) and total solid (TS) of the milk (P<0.05). Specific gravity of the milk was not affected by the treatments (P>0.05). Substitution of 0.5 kg concentrate with 13.5 kg roughage resulted in non significant difference on the daily milk production as well as the quality of the milk, thus it gave no economic impact. The increase of daily milk production was followed by the increase of the incomes of the farmers by Rp 905 to Rp 1,425 per head per day. The result of the experiment leads to the assumption that the present feeding practices of the lactating cows should be improved accordingly. Key words: Lactating cows, feeding, management

94 - 99

Authors: I.P Kompiang, Supriyati ., M.H Togatorop, S.N Jarmani

An experiment was conducted to study the effect of free choice feeding on the performance of native chicken and to determine its protein and energy requirements for growth. Eight hundreds and seventy 2-weeks old native chicken were used, and divided into three treatment groups, with 5 replicates: (I) Complete feed (II) Choice feed A (two levels of protein, similar in energy content) and (III) Choice feed B (energy and protein sources). Feed and water were given ad libitum during the 10 weeks trial. Feed intake (protein and energy) and body weight were recorded biweekly. Body weight gain (BWG) of treatment I was 852 + 33 grams/head, similar to treatment II, 858 + 28 grams/head, and both significantly (P<0.05) better than treatment III (800 + 42 grams/head). Energy consumption and its energy efficiency ratio (EER) value were similar for all treatments, 9226 + 149; 9203 + 739, and 8706 + 383 kcal/head and 10.84 + 0.34, 10.75 + 1.03, and 10.89 + 0.27 kcal/gram for treatment I, II and III, respectively. There was a significant (P<0.05) difference between treatment on protein intake, 556 + 8, 506 + 15, and 454 + 25 grams/head for treatment I, II, and III, respectively. Protein energy ratio (PER) value of treatment III (0.57 ± 0.02) was similar to treatment II (0.57 ± 0.02) and both were significantly better (P<0.05) than treatment I (0.65 ± 0.02). It was concluded that the native chicken, given a correct choice of feed, has an ability to determine its energy and protein requirements. During the growth periods, 2-12 weeks old, the bird require feed with 16% protein and 2900 kcal metabolized energy/kg. Key word: Native chicken, feeding system, free choice

107 - 112

Authors: A.P Sinurat, Tatty Purwadaria, T Pasaribu, J Darma, I.A.K Bintang, M.H Togatorop

Drying proces, especially with heating often affects the nutritive values of feed ingredients. Therefore, this experiment was designed to study the responses of broiler chickens when fed with ration containing fresh or dried fermented palm oil sludge(FPOS). Experimental diets with different levels of fresh or dried FPOS (5, 10, and 15% equally to dried FPOS) were formulated with similar nutrient contents. A control diet with no FPOS was also included. Each diet was fed to 30 broiler chickens (5 replicates of 6 birds) for 5 weeks. Performances (body weight, feed consumption, feed conversion, and mortalities) of chickens were recorded. Carcass percentage and abdominal fat content was also measured at the end of feeding trial. Data obtained were subjected to analysis of variance in a completely randomized design and different between means were tested by orthogonal contrast procedures. Results of the experiment showed that body weight gain (BWG) of control birds was not significantlydifferent with BWG of birds fed with FPOS. Birds fed with dried FLS gain more weight than those fed with fresh FPOS (1048 vs 981 g/bird). Increasing of dietary FPOS levels decreased BWG, but 10% inclusion was still tolerable. Feed consumption of control diet was significantly (P<0.05) less than feed consumption of diet with FPOS. Increasing of dried FPOS to 15% did not affect feed consumption, but increasing of fresh FPOS significantly increased feed consumption. Feed conversion (FCR) of control diet was significantly better than the FPOS diet (2.07 vs 2.13). Increasing levels of dried FPOS from 5 to 10% did not affect the FCR, but further increasing to 15% significantly worsen the FCR. Increasing of fresh FPOS from 5 to 10 or 15 significantly worsen the FCR. Dry matter intake, mortalities, carcass percentage, liver weight, and abdominal fat levels of broilers were not significantly affected by dietary treatments (P>0.05). Conversion of feed dry matter to body weight gain of control diet was not significantly (P>0.05) different with those diets with FPOS. However, dry matter conversion of dried FPOS was significantly better than the fresh FPOS. Increasing levels of FLS from 5 to 15 significantly worsen the feed dry matter conversion but not with inclusion of 10% FPOS. Therefore, it is concluded that there is no superior advantage of feeding fresh FPOS as compared with dried FPOS. Inclusion of 10% dried or fresh FPOS in the diets did not affect growth performances of broiler chickens. Key words: Palm oil sludge, dried, fermented, broilers

120 - 125

Authors: Supar ., Yudi Setiadi, Djaenuri ., Nina Kurniasih, B Poerwadhikarta, Sjafei

Pasteurellosis or fowl cholera in ducks occurs sporadically along the year in many high duck population areas of Java and other parts of Indonesia. Some isolates of Pasteurella multocida from ducks and chicken are kept at the BALITVET culture collection. The aims of this research were to evaluate the pathogenicity of local isolates and imported strains of P. multocida and to study the pasteurellosis local isolate vaccine and protection assay in ducks. Two imported strains of P. multocida (BCC 1359, BCC 1362) and 6 local isolates (BCC 299, BCC 2331, DY1, DY2, 12TG, 15TG) were used in this study. In the pathogenicity assays the imported strains and local isolates were activated in mice and in duct and then in brain hearth infusion broth containing 5% normal sheep serum. Each of broth culture was diluted, each dilution (102 and 104) of strains or isolates was injected intraperitoneally into a group of normal ducks. Antigen for vaccine, each was produced in sheep blood (5%) agar. Cells were harvested and killed with 0.1% formalin. Monovalent, bivalent, and polyvalent vaccines were prepared, at concentration equal to the Macfarland standard tube No 10, and each was adjuvanted with alhydrogel at final concentration of 1.5%. Each vaccine type was injected into a group of 10 week old ducks (8 animals per group), with 0.2 ml/injection. Four weeks later each animal in group were boostered with the same vaccine, dose, route as the previous injection. Before vaccination each animal was bleed through wing vena, then every two weeks, serum was collected and stored at -20oC. Two weeks after boostered, three days after the last blood sample collection, half animal of each group were challenged intraperitonelly with the BCC 2331 and half with DY2 live broth culture. The pathogenicity assays showed the only BCC 2331 and DY2 killed the experimental ducks, the other did not. The animals vaccinated with either BCC 2331, DY2 or bivalent (BCC 2331+DY2) vaccines were protected with either life bacterial challenged of either BCC 2331 or DY2 local isolates. It is likely, P. multocida BCC 2331 and DY2 isolates can be used for pasteurellosis candidate vaccine used in Indonesia, but it still needs more studies in the immunological of protective antigens. Key words: Pasteurella multocida, fowl cholera, ducks, vaccine, protection

134 - 140

Authors: Risa Indriani, Darminto

Infectious bronchitis (IB) is an acute highly contagious viral respiratory disease of poultry caused by Coronavirus. IBV infection consists of many serotypes and can only be controlled by vaccination. An effective IB vaccine should be prepared from local isolates, due to the antigenic variation among serotypes. The aims of this research were to develop inactivated IB vaccine derived from IBV local isolate and to determine the efficacy of that vaccine in layer flocks. Five layer chicken groups were used in this experiments, group I was vaccinated with commercial IBV live vaccine thrice, group II was vaccinated with commercial IBV live vaccine once and repeated with inactivated local IBV isolate twice, group III was vaccinated with commercial IBV live vaccine once and repeated with commercial inactivated twice, group IV was vaccinated with IBV live vaccine once, and group V was not vaccinated. After the chickens reached at a stable egg production they were challenged with IBV local isolates. Antibody responses were examined by means of haemagglutination hibitition (HI) test and HI titres were expressed as log2 of the reciprocal of the highest dilution of serum causing inhibition of a log2 HA titre of 2. The mean titres of antibody responses of chicken in group I, II, III, IV, and V was 4.9 ± 0.87, 6.8 ± 0.97, 7.7 ± 0.46, 2.9 ± 0.94, and 2.0 ± 1.67 respectively. The levels of protection against challenges were determined by viral isolation, this in group I, II, III, IV, and V was 63, 73, 60, 50, and 0% respectively. Clinical symptom of egg quality was slightly reduced in group I, IV, and V and it were unchanged in group II and III. Group II gave better in number of egg production than the other groups. The results indicated that the IBV inactivated localisolate vaccine gave high titres of antibody and higher protection rates than that of commercial IBV inactivated vaccine. Inaddition, IBV local isolate vaccinated group prevented from declining egg production after challenged with IBV local isolate. Key words: Infectious bronchitis, layer, antibody titre, vaccine, challenge virus