Indonesian Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences

220 - 236

Authors: Elan Masbula

A study has been done to provide a conceptual basis for the development of agricultural system in critical land area in Yogyakarta Special Teritory as the smallest production unit to (1) determine optimum dairy farming based agriculture for the area and income maximization on either farmer own inputs or with CAFlTAL aid provided by a funding party, (2) to develop a model for developing farming system based on dairy farming in critical land area in Yogyakarta Special Teritory.Methods being used multistage problem solving approach to the problem encountered in farming system as practiced in Glagaharjo Village, Sub District of Cangkringan, Sleman with Rapid Rural Appraisal (RRA) and Agro-ecosystem Analysis as diagnostic activities. Farm record keeping and survey to fourty respondents purposively selected were then conducted. Using Linear Programming (LPM), a normative solution, under the imposed constraints for each activity, was obtained to see development effectivity of dairy based farming agricultural system. The result indicated that land resources had not managed optimally. Out of an average possession of 1,5 ha dry land, only 0,6 ha was cultivated, leading to relativelly low yield and income. Optimum dairy farming agriculture migh be an option to develop the area. Dairy farm Cooperative Agency (Model of Scenario I) can play important role to improve farmer income. With an average of 1,5 ha dry land and an average of 3 Animal Unit raised would optimized the resources allocation and income of Rp.20,385,340 for a period of eight years. The income rnigh be further increased to Rp.36,176,070 for similar production period with soft loan provided by ventura fund (Model of Scenario ll) to optimize land resources and family labor force use and a farmer was able to raised an average of 4 Animal Unit. If as being planned - such as scheme is adopted by 1,400 farmer, 230 worker will be employed in the first years. Employement need is increasing with time and after eight year it may reach 1154 workers/year. It can then be concluded that dairy based farming agriculture may improved economic endurance of farmer in critical land area, and directed as well toward land conservation program. Key words: Optimization, farming system, dairy based farming

243 - 250

Authors: W Manalu

Twenty-nine fetuses (11 fetuses from 9 non-superovulated ewes and 18 fetuses from 8 superovulated ewes) were used to study the effect of superovulation of ewes prior to mating on fetal weight, fetal length, the length of the body and limbs, chest circumference, weights of the body, head, neck, limb, and viscera. Superovulated ewes, though with a higher litter size, had a greater fetal growth as was indicated by the greater fetal weight and length, the length and weight of the body and limb on day 49 of pregnancy. On day 105 of pregnancy, superovulated ewes with multiple fetuses (≥3) had similar fetal growth than nonsuperovulated ewes with single and twin fetuses. However, superovulated ewes with a single fetus had greater fetal growth as was shown by the greater fetal weight and length, the length of the body and limbs, chest circumference, and weight of the body, limb, and viscera when compared to those non-superovulated ewes with a single or twin fetuses. The results of the experiment suggested that superovulation of ewes prior to mating could be used to improve fetal prenatal growth during pregnancy Key words: Superovulation, fetal growth, pregnancy, sheep

257 - 263

Authors: T Purwadaria, A.P Sinurat, Supriyati ., H Hamid, I.A.K Bintang

Solid substrate fermentation by Aspergillus niger has been carried out to improve the nutritive value of palm oil sludge (POS). POS was fermented aerobically for four days in a fermentor chambers (28°C, RH 80%), with 60% moisture content Some of the product was further incubated anaerobically for 2 days at 28°C. Both products from aerobic and anaerobic fermentation processes were dried by various methods, i.e. sunlight, oven at 60°C, oven with blower at 40°C, at the moisture content less than 11%. Results of the drying methods were also compared with the fresh fermented product. Statistic analysis using factorial design (2 x 4) showed that there was no interaction between kind of fermentation processes (aerobic and anaerobic) and drying methods (fresh, sunlight, oven 60°C, and blower 40°C) for almost all parameters except total a-amino acid content Significant results (p<0.05) were obtained on the drying methods for parameters of crude protein, true protein, in vitro dry matter and protein digestibilities, and mannanase and cellulase activities. There were no significant results between treatments in the crude fiber analysis and soluble nitrogen content Significant results also did not occur between treatment of aerob and anaerob fermentation processes for almost all parameters except for dry matter digestibilities. Results from true protein and in vitro digestibilities show that the fresh fermented product has the best nutritive value, while product dried by sunlight was best among other drying processes. Results from in vivo of protein and energy digestibilities show that there were better metabolizable energy and protein for product with aerobic process and dried with oven and blower treatments, while sunlight drying was best for product processed in anaerobic condition. Although fresh fermented product gave better result from in vitro digestibilities and enzyme activity analyses, for some reasons (easy handling and preservation) sunlight drying gave best results for products processed under anaerobic condition, especially when sunlight drying is cheap. Key words: Palm oil sludge, fermentation product, Aspergillus niger, thermal drying

273 - 280

Authors: Rini Damayanti

A study on the phenotypic detection of surface antigen of B lymphocytes, MHC I and MHC II in lymph nodes of Bali cattle affected by malignant catarrhal fever (MCF) was conducted by immunohistochemical techniques using avidin-biotin complex peroxidase methods. A number of monoclonal antibodies against surface antigen of B lymphocytes, MHC I and MHC II were used. The results showed that the surface antigens were all detected either in the MCF or in the non-MCF Bali cattle lymph nodes. MHC I were shown predominantly occupied in the lymph nodes of infected cattle. The surface antigen of B cells and MHC II were less found in the infected ones. This indicates that in the immunopathological processes in MCF infected cattle, B cells were not actively involved in producing antibodies, whereas MHC I may contribute the high degree of susceptibility of Bali cattle to MCF. Key words : MCF, B cells, MHC I, MHC II, Bali cattle, immunohistochemical technique