Indonesian Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences

7 - 12

Authors: Herdis ., B Purwantara, I Supriatna, I.G Putu

Sperm of swamp buffalo bulls is easily damaged during freezing process. Acrosomal intact and plasma membrane intact is important factors in fertilization process. This experiment was aimed to study the effect of freezing method on sperm integrity. The result of experiment indicated that the mean of intact acrosomal and the intact plasma membrane for 4 hours of equilibration (52.24 ± 3.70% and 54.34 ± 4.80%) was significant higher (P<0.05) than 2 hours of equilibration (39.00 ± 3.32% and 43.44 ± 4.91%) but was not significantly difference (P>0.05) with 6 hours of equilibration (47.92 ± 4.51% and 51.58 ± 4.25%). There were not significance difference between one step and two step of glycerolization. The best sperm integrity was resulted by freezing method with 4 hours of equilibration and two steps glicerolization. Key words : Swamp buffalo bulls, sperm integrity, freezing process

20 - 27

Authors: Simon P Ginting, Aron Batubara, Endang Romjali, M Rangkuti, Subandriyo

A study was conducted to evaluate the responses of lambs on the infection of Haemonchus contortus and the level of energy supplements. Forty eight male lambs, 3-4 months old were used in a factorial experimental design (2x2x2) which lasted for 9 weeks. The factors were breed (Local Sumatra and Sungai Putih: 50% Local Sumatra, 25% St. Croix; 25% Barbados Blackbelly), level of Haemonchus infection (3,000 L3 and 1,500 L3 per week) and level of energy supplement (2,900 kcal/kg DM and 2,300 kcal/kg DM). Infection at 3,000 L3 decreased (P<0.05) ADG of lambs of both energy levels. An extremely low ADG (10-16 g) was observed in 3000 L3 group given low energy level. Body condition of lambs fed high energy level was constant over the experiment, but it decreased at the rate of 0.9 to 1.1 unit at the low energy supplement. EPG was higher (P>0.001) in the 3000 L3 group, was lower (P<0.05) in the Local Sumatra, but not affected (P>0.10) by energy level. PCV was not affected (P>0.10) by infection levels, but lower (P<0.01) in the low energy group or in the St Croix crosses. Eosinophil and serum protein concentration were not affected by energy and infection level, but they were higher (P<0.01) in the local Sumatra. It was concluded that strong effects of level of infection and genotype was detected to influence the impact of Haemonchus infection in lambs. However, the effect of energy levels was less consistent as judged from the EPG, PCV, eosinophil and serum protein data. Key words : Energy level, genotype, infection level, Haemonchus contortus, lambs

35 - 47

Authors: Supar ., B Peorwadikarta, Nina Kurniasih, Djaenuri

Escherichia coli isolates showing alpha hemolytic on blood agar were found in calves with bloody diarrhoea from Bandung, Sukabumi and Bogor. Three E. coli isolates designated as (B34c, B909, B910) were pathogenic for mice and selected for vaccine candidates. Crude supernatant of tryptic soy broth (TSB) cultures precipitated with saturated ammoniumsulphate caused cytopathic effect on vero cell line. For vaccine preparation the isolates were grown on tryptic soy agar (TSA). Whole cell inactive vaccine containing equal proportion of each isolate was prepared and emulsified in aluminum hydroxide gel at a final concentration of 1.5% and cell concentration equal to the tube number 10 of MacFarland standard. Mice and rabbits were injected subcutaneously of monovalent vaccine with the dose of 0.2 ml and 1 ml respectively. Four weeks later mice or rabbits were boostered with the same dose. Before injection each animal was bleed, subsequently every two weeks period up to 4 weeks after the second injection. The sera were separated and kept at -20oC up to serological assay with an enzyme linked immunoassay (ELISA) was done. Vaccinated mice with VTEC were challenged with homologous isolate did not die, where as 60% of unvaccinated mice died within 2 days post challenged. Pregnant cows were given 2 doses of three valent vaccine 6 weeks and again 2 weeks before expected date of calving. Calves born were given colostrum and milk of the own mother. The three day old calf was challenged with three isolates of verotoxigenic E. coli studied. Calves born from vaccinated cows did not show diarrhoea at post challenged, whereas calf from unvaccinated cow demonstrated bloody diarrhoea at post challenged. From the experimental animals (mice and calves) demonstrated the presence of protection against challenged. The antiverotoxic antibody probably involved in important role of immunoprotection. These were supported by the presence of high titer anti verotoxic antibody in serum of experimental animals (mice and cows), as well as in experimental rabbits, but none in the unvaccinated animals. Key words: E. coli, alpha hemolytic, verotoxic, dysentery, vaccine

55 - 59

Authors: S Widjajanti

The effect of artificial dehydration on snail Lymnaea rubiginosa was investigated in the laboratory by monitoring its survival and development, because as aquatic organism, this snail must be able to adapt or tolerate with the changes in its habitat. Fifty laboratory-reared L. rubiginosa with shell length between 1.0-1.5 cm (adult) were placed in each sloping earth aquarium (60x80x20 cm) which were already filled with water about 15 cm depth. Five aquaria were used in this study, and one week after being established the water from 4 aquaria was drained while one aquarium was retained with water as a control. The water was replaced in one of dehydrated aquarium each week for four weeks, commencing one week after draining the water. The survival of snails in each aquarium were recorded every two days over a period of 3 months. The results indicated that the mortality rate of adult snails increased as the period of dehydration increased. After four week dehydration only 16% of adult snails survive compared to 68% survival in the control aquarium, and dehydration for 4 weeks prolonged the hatching time of eggs. Moreover, in dehydrated aquaria, the egg masses were deposited in a random pattern on the surface of the soil, whereas in the control aquarium they were laid on the soil-water junction. Key words : Dehydration, Lymnaea rubiginosa, survival, fasciolosis

65 - 70

Authors: Sri Rachmawati, zainal Arifin, Paderi Zahari

Indonesian climate condition is suitable for growing of mold such as Aspergillus flavus. The mold grown in feed and feed ingredients cause aflatoxins contamination of the feed. Sambiloto has been reported to reduce the growth of Aspergillus flavus and aflatoxins production in feed isolate. The aim of the study was to find the used of sambiloto in reducing aflatoxins contamination in commercial chicken feed. The feed was homogenously mixed then divided into 4 groups with 3 replicates. The samples were treated with sambiloto 0.04%, 0.08% and 0.16% respectively into the feed, except for the control feed sambiloto was not added. Into these feed 4 ml of Aspergillus flavus suspension was also added. Then the feed in each group was incubated at room temperature for 10 days. Samples were collected from each group at days 0, 5 and 10 of incubation times for aflatoxins analysis. Samples were extracted and aflatoxins were detected by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Observation results indicated that sambiloto concentration of 0.16% in feed can inhibit the total aflatoxins production of 16.46% and gave the inhibitation percentage of aflatoxin B1 of 45.39%. Statistical test showed that the used of sambiloto in feed for 5 days incubation times gave significant result in reducing aflatoxins production. However the 10 days incubation times of the feed with sambiloto gave in significant result. It is suggested that to get optimum inhibition of aflatoxins production, sambiloto added in feed should be higher than 0.16%. Key words : Feed, aflatoxin, sambiloto