Indonesian Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences

87 - 93

Authors: Subandriyo ., Bambang Setiadi, M Rangkuti, K Diwyanto, M Doloksaribu, Leo P Batubara, Endang Romjali, Simo Eliaser, Eko Handiwirawan

Improving sheep productivity can be conducted by genetic improvement and improving environmental factors. Genetic improvement usually can be done by selection and creating composite or synthetic breed by crossbreeding. Composite breed created by crossbreeding between different breeds and followed by selection. The study of crossing between Sumatra sheep with fat-tail sheep from East Java, St . Croix hair sheep (US) and Barbados Blackbelly hair sheep has been carried out since 1986, and show that the crossbred are better in term of production and reproduction . In 1996/1997, the first generation (F1) of composite breed (KOM) has been created by crossing between Barbados Cross (BC) rams and St . Croix Cross (HC) ewes or reciprocally. The second generation (F2) of composite breed has been created by inter-se mating . However, F1-KOM and F2-KOM vary in their performances, therefore selection should be conducted. The results showed that birth weight and weaning weight of crossing between BC rams and HC ewes tended to be heavier than those of reciprocal crossing between HC rams and BC ewes, but the differences were not significant (P>0 .05) . Birth weight and weaning weight of crossing between BC rams with HC ewes and reciprocal cross were 2.48 _+ 0.70 kg (n=791), 12 .50 _+ 3 .26 kg (n=640) and 2.37 _+ 0.62 kg (n=147), 12 .29 _+ 3.30kg (n=122), respectively . Meanwhile, observations of inter-se mating of Fl-KOM showed that the weight at the first mating was 26 .7 _+ 3.82 kg (n=80), age of dam at the first lambing was 15 .7 _+ 1 .73 months (n=83), weight at post-partum was 29 .86 _+ 3 .30 kg, and litter size at the first parity was 1 .43 _+ 0.59 (n=83) . The mean of age at the first mating of KOM was around 10 .7 months. Mean of mating weight at the second parity was 28 .29 +_ 3 .51 kg (n=11), age of dam at the second lambing was 20.6 _+ 1 .99 month (n=11), post-partum weight was 26 .92 _+ 4.03 kg (n=11) and litter size was 1 .64 _+ 0.81 (n=11) . Weaning weight of Fl-KOM, F2-KOM, BC, HC and St. Croix (H) after adjusted by season, sex, age of dam and type of birth were significantly different among Fl-KOM with F2-KOM, BC, HC, and H. However, there were no significantly different among F2-KOM with BC and HC. The results of the study indicated that for improving selection respons, the corrections or adjustments of environmentally induced superiority (sex, type of birth and age of dam at lambing) for every genotype and certain generation should be conducted, in order to increase the rate of genetic improvement. Key words : Composite breed, first generation, second generation

101 - 105

Authors: P.P Ketaren, M Silalahi, T Panggabean, D Aritondang

An experiment was conducted to determine the availability of P in defluorinated rock phosphate (DRP) and bone meal (TT) using a slope ratio assay (SRA) technique . Ten different diets were fed to 300 day-old broiler chicks for three weeks. Basal diet (RB) was formulated to contain 0.38% total P. DRP, TT and dicalcium phosphate (DCP) diets were each containing three different levels of total P: 0.45, 0.52 and 0.59%: At the end of the experiment, tibia bones were collected for ash determination. The availability of P was determined by SRA using tibia bone ash as the main parameter. The result indicated that the availability ofP in the DRP and TT were 83 .6 and 91 .3%, respectively . Key words : Phosphorus availability, slope ratio assay, broiler

111 - 116

Authors: Tolibin Iskandar

In relation to isolate Toxoplasma gondii from animals, 161 samples each of serums pairs and diaphragms were collected from 123 sheep and 38 goats from an abbatoir of Cibadak subdistrict, district of Sukabumi, and 30 faecal-soil samples of cats from some areas in district of Bogor. By using indirect haemagglutination (IHA) test serums were examined, and 60.16% and 39.47% of sheep and goats serums were found positive toxoplasmosis with antibody titres varied ranging from 1 :64 to 1 :8 .192 . Meanwhile, diaphragms of sheep and goats having antibody titres higher than 1 :2 .048 were extracted and the extracts were then passaged by innoculating into mice intraperitoneally . The results showed that cysts and tachyzoites of Toxoplasma were isolated from brain and peritoneal exudate ofmice respectively which were formerly innoculated by diaphragm extract of a sheep having the highest (1 :8 .192) antibody titre. On the other hand, oocysts of Toxoplasma were also isolated from one out of 30 (3.33%) faecal-soil samples ofcats examined by floatation method. Key words : Toxoplasmosis, Toxoplasma gondii, sheep, cysts, tachyzoites, faecal-soil, oocysts

124 - 128

Authors: S Widjajanti

The effect of feeding supplement and anthelmintic treatments on the establishment of parasites and the performances of lambs was studied in 24 St . Croix x Local Sumatra Crosses infected with Haemonchus contortus larvae (L3) . The study consisted of a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement involving two levels of supplement (1 .6% and 0.5% body weight ) and two levels of larval infection (0 and 3,000 L3 initial dose followed by a 1,000 L3-weekly dose) .The supplement x infection interaction was significant (P< 0.0001) on the egg counts and total serum proteins, but not on the PCV values (P>0.10) . The interaction was resulted from the shift in the magnitude of difference between supplement or between infection level and not by the shift in the rank between treatments . The 1 .6% body weight (BW) group had lower (P<0.0001) mean egg count than the 0.5% BW group (1,588 vs. 7,880) . Consistently, the blood PCV value and total serum proteins of lambs receiving 1 .6% BW supplement were higher (P<0.0001) than the 0.5% BW supplement group (28 .3 vs . 23 .8 and 5 .2 vs . 4.6, respectively) . Infection resulted in decreased feed and nitrogen (N) intake, but had no effect on fecal-N (P>0.0001). N-excretion (fecal-N + Urine-N) was not altered (P>0.10) by Haemonchus infection, but N-retention decreased in infected lambs due to a reduction in N intake . The effect of supplement and Haemonchus infection was significant (P<0.0001) on daily gain . Lambs on the 1 .6% BW supplement group grew faster than on the 0.5% BW supplement group whether they were infected or not . Infected lamb receiving 0.5% BW supplement lost weight during the experiment . It is concluded that an approach that combines the use of anthelmintics and supplement could ameliorate the influence of gastro-intestinal parasites on the performances of lambs, and reduces the intensity of using anthelmintics in controlling the parasites . Key words : Supplement, anthelmintics, Haemonchus contortus, lambs

135 - 139

Authors: Ening Wiedosari

Eleven male buffalo calves were divided into infected group of 7 animals and non-infected control group of 4 animals. The infected group was then inoculated with trickle doses of 15 Inetacercariae of Fasciola gigantica twice weekly for 32 weeks and killed 36 weeks after first infection. There were no clinical symptoms observed . Infected and non-infected buffaloes, had similar values of packed cell volume, haemoglobin and red blood cell counts . In infected buffaloes, plasma glutamate dehydrogenase enzyme activity increased in proportion to the dregree of hepatocyte destruction level and evidence of necrosis caused by the migrating of immature flukes through the parenchyma prior to their entry into the bile ducts. While the values of plasma glutamyl transpeptidase showed only a minimal rise with a small peak in week 20 as evidenced by histological observation that infected caused limited damage to epithelial surface of the bile duct . These results indicates that, the resistance mechaninisms of buffalo against fasciolosis infection occurred in the liver or before flukes entering into the bile ducts. These results seem to indicate that, in buffalo, resistance mechanisms to fasciolosis infection occured in the liver or before flukes entry into the bile ducts. Key words: Fasciola gigantica, clinicopathology, buffalo calves, trickle infection, resistance