Indonesian Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences

213 - 217

Authors: Polmer Situmorang, Abdul Rachman Siregar

Low reproductive performance of buffalo resulted the population growth in Indonesia was only slightly increase during the last 50 year. Reproductive performance can be improved by hormone treatment during synchronization . One study was conducted in Porsea and Siborong-borong to see the effects of hormone hCG on the reproductive performances of swamp buffalo . A total of 34 buffaloes were kept in field grazing and commercial concentrate 4 kg/head/day was given for supplementation in 27 buffaloes and the rest 7 buffaloes treated as control with no supplemeniation . Synchronization performed by two intromuscular (IM) injections of2 ml estrumate in 11 days interval . The buffaloes were divided into 2 groups of 16 buffaloes without hCG (Control group) and 18 buffaloes with hCG (Treated group). Treated group wereinjected with 500 IU hCG intro-muscularly (IM) 24-48 hours following second injection of estrumate . All buffaloes were artificially inseminated (AI) 48 and 72 hours after the second injection of estrumate. Results showed that injection of estrurnate twice in 11 days interval was very effective to synchronize oestrus of buffaloes. The persentage of buffalo showing oestrus was 67 .5 and 85 .3% following 48 and 72 Ins of thesecond injection of estrumate resfectively . The effectiveness of estrumate was significantly affected by body condition of buffaloes where the persentage of oestrus 48 and 72 hours following estrumate injection was significantly higher (P<0.01) in buffaloes with good body condition than those in poor body condition (74.5 and 92.5% vs 42 .9 and 57 .1%). Injection ofhCG following estrumate increased the percentage of oestrus and pregnancy of buffalo. Percentages of oestrus of buffaloes 48 and 72 hours following estrumate injections was significantly higher (P<0 .01) in hCG treatment (83 .3 and 100%) than those in control groups (68 .8 and 81 .3%) . The pregnancy rate of buffalo with good body condition was significantly higher (P<0.01) in group of buffaloes with hCG than those control groups ( 86 .6 vs 50.0%) . It is concluded that injection of hCG following estrumate can improve the reproductive performance ofswamp buffalo Keywords : Swamp buffaloes, hCG, oestrus, body condition

225 - 232

Authors: Prapti Mahyudin

To investigate the effect of intravenous glucose infusion on nitrogen (N) retention, two experiments were conducted in 2 phases . The first phase (Exp 1) was to establish the time required for a stable glucose entry and the second phase (Exp 2) was designed to study the effect of different levels of glucose infusion on N retention . In Exp l, four wethers were used, each prepared with catheters in the left and right jugular veins, continuously fed luceme chaff at calculated maintenance energy level . The animals were infused continuously with saline for 2 days and thereafter with glucose solution at the rate of 21 .8 mmole/h for 6 days and again with saline on the seventh day. Glucose entry rate (GER) were measured using constant infusion of D-[6-'H] glucose, on the second day of saline infusion (Day 0) and at the same period each day for the next seven days. Infusion of glucose reduced endogenous glucose entry by 30% on Day 1 and 2, by 13% on Day 3, but by Day 4 onwards endogenous glucose entry had returned to normal levels. Plasma insulin, reached its peak value on the first day of glucose infusion and subsequently declined . Plasma urea concentration declined with ensuing days of glucose infusion . It was concluded that for sheep fed maintenance energy level infused with glucose, it takes approximately 4 days for glucose metabolism to reach equilibrium. In Exp 2, four wethers were used, each prepared with catheters and fed luceme pellets at calculated maintenance energy level . The sheep were infused continuously for five days with glucose at a rate of either 0 (saline), 10, 20 and 30 mmole/h in a Latin Square design (4 infusion rate x 4 periods) . A large increase in endogenous glucose entry was found with the highest level of infusion . Glucose entry rates were 28 .8, 48.3, 54 .7 and 86.1 mmole/h for glucose infusion of 0, 10, 20 and 30 mmole/h respectively . No significant changes in both plasma glucose and urea concentration with infusion rate of glucose. N retention increased with increasing level of glucose infused (P<0.05) and was mainly due to the reduction of urinary N. This experiment suggests the important of glucose in protein deposition Keywords : Glucose infusion, glucose entry rate, N retention

237 - 241

Authors: I.A.K Bintang, M Silalahi, Antawidjaja ., Y.C Raharjo

Three hundred day-old male ducklings were allocated randomly into 12 treatment combinations in 3 x 4 factorial design . Three levels of dietary density ration i.e : Low(12% /2,000 kcal), medium (16%/2,500 kcal) and high (20%/3,000 kcal) and 2 breeds of local ducks Tegal (TT) and Mojosari (MM) and their crossbreds (Tegal x Mojosari (TM) and Mojosari x Tegal (MT)) were applied. Each treatment combination consisted of5 replicates, each of 5 birds. The experiment was carried out for 8 weeks and measurements were weekly feed intake, body weight, weight and/or percentage of carcass, internal organs and abdominal fat. Results indicated that no significant interaction was detected between dietary nutrient density and the breeds of ducks on all parameters measured . Breeds of duck, as well as their crosses did not affect growth performance and other parameters . On the other hand, nutrient density influenced growth performance significantly, except for percentage of carcass and internal organs . In general, feed intake, body weight gain, feed efficiency, carcass weight and abdominal fat of ducks fed low density ration were significantly lower than those fed medium density, which were also lower than those fed high nutrient density diet . Weghtand length of intestine and kidney weight, of ducks fed low density diet however, were higher than the two other treatments . Keywords : Dietary density ration, breeds of duck, growth

250 - 257

Authors: Darminto ., Sjamsul Bahri

Susceptibility of ostriches (Struthio camelus) to the Indonesian velogenic strain of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) was evaluated by artificial infection . Twelve - 5 to 6 week old ostriches were divided into 3 groups each containing 4 birds . The first group was inoculated through respiratory system by dropping directly the virus solution into the nostrils, while the second group was inoculated through digestive system by dropping directly the virus solution into the oesophagus, with the dose of infection 106ELDSo (50%-embryo lethal dose) per bird . Meanwhile, the third group was treated as uninfected control . All infected birds developed antibody responses, but only two inoculated birds from the first group and two inoculated birds from the second group developed clinical signs of Newcastle disease (ND), with no specific pathological alterations . Infected birds, either sicks or healthy, excreted the challenge viruses through the respiratory system and still be detected up to the end of this experiment, ie . 15 days post-inoculation . The challenge viruses can be re-isolated from the brain, trachea, lungs, heart, liver, spleen, kidneys, small intestine, cecal-tonsil, and proventriculus of the infected birds . This study concludes that: (1) the ostriches are susceptible to the infection of the Indonesian velogenic strain ofNDV; (2) all infected birds developed immune responses, but only half of them develops el jtigi aj i disease ; (3) the infected birds excreted the challenge viruses for a considerable long time which may play role as the Mginiseti.ce ofinfectron the other healthy ostriches ; and (4) the challenge viruses can be re-isolated from various organs of the birds . . Keywords : Newcastle disease vir4, 9strich, immune response, artificial infection

263 - 266

Authors: Sri Poernomo, Sutama ., Yapto Nazrudin

A total of 46 isolates of Haemophilus spp . consisted of 42 local isolates from diseased chickens and four reference strains of Haemophilus paragallinarum were examined for their physiological and biochemical properties . These isolates consisted of 2 groups. One group consisted of 21 local isolates and reference strains of H. paragallinarum were catalase negative and identified as Haemophilus paragallinarum and they did not ferment galactose and trehalose . The other group was catalase positive and suspected as Haemophilus avium . This catalase positive group of these 21 avian Haemophili should be examined with other carbohydrates in order to be identified accurately . Keywords : Haemophilus spp ., physiological, biochemical, chickens

270 - 276

Authors: Beriajaya ., D.B Copeman

Tracer Inoodle tbin-tail sheep and Kacang goats were used to measure the seasonal changes in gastrointestinal nematodes parasitism i ~'und[, .xillapek .Fodd~ 'ofis in West Java . Each 3 months for 12 months worm-free male sheep (5) and goats (5) about 5 months of age were ~ $Jri~tgldI o% ef- farmer, and managed as part of their flock for 2 months . Animals were then returned to the laboratory and maintained on "`~^taaan-ftwAiet in elevated slatted pens for 3 weeks prior to slaughter. In all trials sheep had higher faecal egg counts than goats . Egg counts were significantly lower during the late dry-early wet season due mainly to lower burdens of Oesophagostomum spp. than at other times of the year. The predominant genera recovered from faecal larval cultures were Haemonchus and Trichostrongylus . At post mortem more than 94 percent of animals were infected with Trichostrongylus colubriformis, T. axei, Haemonchus contortus, Oesophagostomum columbianwn and Strongyloides papillosus . Other species found, in descending order of occurrence, were Cooperia curticei, Trichuris ovis, Bunostornum trigonocephalum, Oesophagostomumn asperum, Capillaria bovis and Gaigena pachycelis. It was concluded that intensity of exposure of both sheep and goats to H contortus, T. axei and C. curticei was similar throughout the year, but that availability of infectioe larvae of T. colubriformis was higher during the dry than the wet season and vise versa for O. columbianum . Sheep had higher burdens of T. Colubrzformis than goats but similar numbers of other species. Keywords: Thin-tail sheep, kacang goats, tracer, gastrointestinal nematode