Indonesian Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences

77 - 83

Authors: Elizabeth Wina, I-Wayan Mathius, Budi Tangendjaja

The research was designed to evaluate the local feedstuff to be used in milk replacer (MP) and its utilization for veal production . Fifteen male calves of the Friesian Holstein breed, 5-6 weeks old were used in the experiment lasting for 8 weeks. The treatments were (i) commercial milk replacer (SPK), (ii) local (SPL-1) and (iii) mixture ofSPK and SPL-1 (SPKL). The amount of dry matter offerred is 3 % of live weight each and was given twice daily (in the morning and late afternoon) . Elephant grass (0 .5 kg) was offerred at noon . The observed parameters were average daily gain (ADG), dry matter (DM) and crude protein (CP) intake, carcass percentage, weight of carcass components, physical and chemical characteristics of meat. The results show that feed consumptions were 1,981, 1,613 and 1,050 g1day and ADGs were 897,496 and 73 g for treatments SPK, SPKL and SPL, respectively . Carcass percentage was 56.84 and 58 .76% with protein content was 87 .47 and 84 .78% for treatments SPK and SPKL, respectively . The benefit per head of calf was higher when fed mixture of local and commercial MP than fed only commercial MP but the benefit per day was higher when fed commercial MP than mixture of local and commercial. In conclusion, a cheaper milk replacer with less milk protein content resulting in a lower gain but higher benefit per head of calf than a commercial milk replacer containing high milk protein content Key words : veal, male calves, milk replacer

92 - 95

Authors: I.A.K Bintang, Budi Tangendjaja

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the optimum level of inclusion of crude palm oil (CPO) in ducks diet . The treatments consisted of 5 different levels ofCPO (0, 5, 10, 15 and 20%) with 5 replicates and 10 day-old ducks/replicate. The ducklings were allocated in litter system covered with rice hull . At 0-3 weeks old, ducklings were fed with starter commercial diet . The experiment diet was given to starter (3 - 5 weeks old) and to grower (5-8 weeks old) ducks containing crude protein 19 .5 and 17%, respectively and metabolizable energy 2,900 kcal/kg. Measurements done were on body weight, feed consumption, carcass weight, internal organ and abdominal fats . There were no significant difference among treatments on body weight gain, feed consumption, feed conversion, carcass or internal organ weight . There was an increase on abdominal fat with an increase level ofCPO in the diet. Male duck had the ability to accept up 20% CPO in the diet without any negative effect. Key words: Performance, male duck, crude palm oil

102 - 109

Authors: A.P Sinurat, R Dharsana, T Pasaribu, T Panggabean, A Habiebie

An experimentwas conducted to study the utilization of local rock phosphate or natural defluorinated calcium phosphate (NDCP) as phosphorus source for layer chickens by using the imported dicalcium phosphate (DCP) as a reference. Eight experimental diets consisted of 2 source of phosphorus (DCP and NDCP) and 4 dietary total P levels (0.4, 0.5, 0.6 and 0.7%) were formulated. Each diet was fed to 24 pullets (6 replicates with 4 birds each) from 20 weeks of age to 14 weeks of egg production. Observations were made on feed consumption, egg production, egg weight, mortality, egg quality, Ca and P retention and ash content of tibial bones . Results showed no significant effect of different source and level of phosphorus tested on egg production (% HD), feed consumption, egg weight and mortality rates . Egg shell thickness was depressed in NDCP diet as compared with DCP, however this only occurred at firstmonth of production. It is concluded that the NDCP can be used in layers diet to replace DCP as phosphorus source. The relative biological value of phosphorus inNDCP is 96% for layers. Keywords: Rock phosphate, NDCP, layers, phosphorous

114 - 119

Authors: Simon P Ginting, K.R Pond, Subandriyo

The effects of grazing systems, levels of feed supplementation and genotypes of sheep on the establishment ofHaemonchus contortus were studied in 36 St . Croix x Sumatra crosses (HC) and 36 Sumatra (S) male lambs . The lambs were artificially infected with Haemonchus larvae (L3) at a rate of 3,000 L3 per animal and fed concentrate supplement at 0 .5% body weight (BW) or at 1 .6% BW. The animals grazed clean Brachiaria brizantha pastures . Lambs grazing GM1 (grazing system with a 6-week rotational cycle) had egg counts of 3,936 t 1 .525 at week 18, and 29% of the lambs had PCV ranging from 7 .8 to 14 .6% . Lambs in GM3 (grazing system with a 12-week grazing cycle) had egg counts of 6,714 t 2,075 at week 28, and 24%ofthe lambs had PCV ranging from 7 .9 to 13.3% At these periods, all lambs in both GMI and GM3 were dosed with anthelmintics to prevent the death of the animals . Although the overall mean egg counts (4,543 t 318) of lambs on GM2 (grazing system with a 1-week grazing and 6-week resting periods) were higher (P<0 .001) than on GMI (2,944 t 325) or on GM3 (2,159 t 418), it was achieved without dosing with anthelmintics, since only I 1%ofthe Iambs in GM2ever reached PCV values less than 15%. Lambs fed supplements at 1.6%BW had lower (P<0.001) egg counts and higher (P<0 .001) PCV and serum protein than lambson 0.5 %BW supplement group . Egg counts and PCV values were not different (P>0 .10) between HC and the S lambs when fed supplement at 0.5% BW, but on 1 .6% supplement BW group, the egg counts were lower (P<0.001) in HC. It is concluded that a one-week grazing and a six- week resting system was superior than grazing systems with a 6- or 12-week rotational cycle . Improving the nutritional status of lambs by increasing the level of supplement offered could depress the establishment of Haemonchus in the Iambs . The HC and S lambs showed similar response to supplements at 0 .5% BW, but at 1 .6% BW the HC responded better than the S. Key words: Grazing management, Haemonchus contortus, feed supplement, sheep

127 - 131

Authors: S Hardjoutomo, M.B Poerwadikarta

About the end of 1995, an infectious disease among buffaloes as well as human beings was reported to occur in the District of Ngada, East Nusatenggara . Specimens of death animals, namely a piece of bones, hide, soil samples as well as blood and exudate smears and sera of the local inhabitants were submitted to Balitvet, Bogor laboratory for diagnosis . Bacteriological examinations of those specimens revealed that B. Anthracis was the causative agent of the disease . Along the line, 40 humans sera comprised 20 sera of local exposed inhabitants and 20 sera of non-exposed outsider, examined by the antibody enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) confirmed the diagnosis . It was concluded that antibody ELISA is one of diagnosis tools for analyzing of an anthrax outbreak in the field . Keywords : Anthrax, retrospective analysis, antibody ELISA; serum

137 - 144

Authors: S Partoutomo

Shortages and low grade of forages during the dry season and hard working during paddy cultivation are thought as phenomena triggering clinical diseases or even outbreaks of surra in Indonesia . An experiment using 12 buffaloes, 12-18 months of ages was conducted to disclose that hypothesis . The experimental animals were divided into 4 Groups of 3 animals (2 females and 1 male), Gr*l and Group2 were fed with high grade ration, while Group3 and Group4 with low grade ration. Group I and Group3 were then infected with Trypanosoma evansi Bakit 102 with the dose rate of 107 trypanosomes/head intravenously . Observations were made for 10 weeks after infection . The results indicated that buffaloes in Group I tended to have higher and persistently longer parasitaemia compared to buffaloes in Group3 (P<0 .05). There were only little bitmore severe clinical signs in buffaloes in Group3 compared to those of Groupl . The mean weight gains of buffaloes in Groups with high grade ration was significantly higher compared to those buffaloes in low grade ration (P<0.01), However, it was only slightly different in the weight gain differences between infected and noninfected buffaloes in each Group of ration (about 100 glhead/day)(P>0.05) . The prepatent period of Groupl was 1 .2 days which was not significantly different to 2 days of Group3 (P>0 .05) . There were no direct effects of low grade ration to the pathogenesis of T. evansi . Low grade ration and T. evansi infection complementary reduced the weight gain, consequently buffaloes with low grade ration infected with T. Evansi showed lower weight gain compared to those of high grade ration infected with T. evansi . Key words : Trypanosoma evansi, pathogenesis, high grade ration, low grade ration