Indonesian Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences

1 - 10

Authors: Subandryo ., D.W Vogt

Many factors contribute to variation in lamb weights . Factors such as age of lamb, sex, type of birth and rearing, and ewe age at lambing obscure genetic differences among lambs . Variation associated with these factors make selection for increased weight less effective . To improve selection response, selection must be based on genotypic rather than environmentally induced superiority . It is well-documented that corrections for classifiable sources of variation render selection and culling more accurate, thereby increasing rates of genetic improvement . The objective of this study were to develop within breed adjustment factors for post-natal lamb weights . Field records from Suffolk and Dorset lambs collected in the U.S . National Sheep Improvement Program (NSIP) from 1986 through 1989 were used to develop within-breed birth/rearing type, lamb sex, and dam age adjustment factors for birth weight (BW) and 30-d (W3o), 60-d (Woo), 90-d (W9o), and 120-4 (Wtm) weights. Data were analyzed using general linear models . Within breed and age group adjustment for lamb-age differences were suggested because growth rates vary among breeds and among the four postnatal lamb-age groups . Within-breed multiplicative adjustment of the five traits for the effects of birth/rearing type, lamb sex and dam age were suggested because variances of these factors were significantly (P<0.01) heterogenous Key words: Sheep, adjustment factors, birth weight, postnatal weights

16 - 20

Authors: Supriyati ., I.G.M Budiarsana, Yosep Saefudin, I. Ketut Sutama

The effect of feeding gliricidia on reproductive and productive performances of Javanese Fat-tailed (JFT) sheep was studied.Thirty-two 1FT ewe lambs (ahmtt 4-5 months of age and liveweight of 12-14 kg) were randomly divided into four treatment groups . They were given free access of King grass (Pennisetttnt putrtoreophoides) dan gliricidia (Gliricidia sepiwn, Jaeq) leaf with ratio 100:0% (Group A= control), 75 :25% (Group B), 50 :50% (Group C), and 0:100% (Group D) . All groups were suplemented with concentrate (GT03, Indofeed) at 1008/head/day. Forages were given 2 .5-3% (dry-matter) of liveweight . Results showed that feeding gliricidia 25-100% of the total forages increased dry matter intake by 5.3-19 .9% and crude protein 39 .3-142 .1 % . But NDF consumption decreased 36 .9-8 .4%. Higher nutrient intake was reflected into an increase in growth-rate which associated with an increase inovulation rate (16.7-116 .7%) and pregnancy rate. "Ova wastage" decreased markedly (33.4-50.3%) in the groups given gliricidia 50-100%, though coumarine (anti-nutrient) consumption increased to 40 .78/head/day . Lanths from the gliricidia supplemented groups grew faster and had heavier weaning weights than those of control group . It was rmu luded that feeding gliricidia up to 1(10% as forages and concentrate GT03 at 100g/head/day gave positive effect on growth-rate, relinxluclive and productive erformauces in the first breeding of JFT sheep. Key words: Sheep, gliricidia, reproduction

26 - 30

Authors: Agus Muljadi, Achmad Saleh

Dairy farming in West Java is still dominated by small scale. The research focussed on production factors of dairy fanning which are influencing the farmers income from selling milk . The research was carried out in 1993 via survey to 30 respondents in Garut and Bogor. The results showed that the profit earned per month from dairy farming was Rp 130,331 and Rp 118,449 in Garut and Bogor, respectively . Return to labor from dairy farming was Rp. 4.56 in Bogor and Rp. 4.38 in Garut. The production factors positively affecting the income of the farmers from selling milk were cost for barn, concentrate feed, animal health care and artificial insemination, labor, and number of lactating cows . In addition, several production factors such as cost for forages, retribution cost, and number of male calf were proven negatively affecting the income of the Canners from selling milk . Therefore, thrive related production factors should be considered in developing small scale dairy farming, not only from availability of inputs but also from institutional aspect . Key words : Production factor, milk, dairy cows

37 - 40

Authors: Salfina ., A. Hamdan, S. Partoutomo

The infection rate of coccidia and distribution of coccidiosis of village chickens were studied in South Kalimantan (the districts of Hulu Sungai Tengah, Hulu Sungai Selatan, Tanah Laut, and Tapin) and East Kalimantan (the districts of Pasir) . Six hundred and thirty one fecal and intestinal content of clinically infected young and adult birds were sampled, and microscopically and morphologically examined againts the Eimetia species . The result indicated that the average infection rate was 39 .3% where 40 .7% for young and 38 .5% for adult birds with an opg (oocyst per gram) ranging from 40 to 8,200 . Seven species of Eimetia were identified, i .e . E. tenella 23 .6%, E. maxima 13 .6%, E. necattix 11 .3%, E. acervtdina 6 .7%, E. mitis 3 .6%, E. mivati 2.2%, and E. brvnetti 0 .8% . Infection rate of E. tenella was the highest either in South Kalimantan or in East Kalimantan than the other species, while E. brttnetti was the lowest . Key words : Village chicken, infection rate, coccidiosis

49 - 55

Authors: Beriajaya ., S.E. Estuningsih, Darmono ., M.R. Knox, D.R. Stoltz, A.J. Wilson

Blocks containing 3% phenothiazine in solidified molasses (Wonnolas, Animeal Australia Ltd .) were tested to control gastrointestinal nematode infections and the effect on mineral status in sheep in villages in Cirebon, Indonesia. Two hundred and thirteen Javanese Thin Tail sheep which were grazed during the day and housed at night were divided into two groups on the basis of location . One group was allowed in an access to Wonnolas blocks when penned for 24 weeks while the other group remained untreated. The bodyweight was recorded and faecal samples were collected for egg counts and larval culture every four weeks. Sera and saliva samples were collected from 20 adult sheep in each group at weeks 0, 12 and 24 for mineral analysis by AAS and colorimetry. The results indicated that the mean egg counts of the treated group decreased from 576 epg to 123 epg and the percentage of sheep producing viable larvae decreased from 50% to 24%. In contrast egg counts of the control group increased from 768 epg to 4,840 epg and the percentage of sheep producing viable larvae increased from 65% to 84% over the same period . In the treated group the number of Haenronchus larvae declined significantly (36% to <6 %) and at the end of the trial Tiichostrongylus larvae predominanted in larval cultures (>80%) . Mineral analysis revealed deficiencies in sodium and copper, low levels of zinc and normal levels of potassium, calcium, magnesium and phosphorus . Wormolas had a significant effect on sodium and zinc status but not on copper although sufficient levels of this element were available. Comparison of bodyweight gains showed a significantly (P<0.05) higher rate of increase in the treated animals. Key words : Phenothiazine, molasses, nematodiasis, mineral status, sheep

62 - 67

Authors: Sutiastuti Wahyuwardani

One hundred and seventy six adult female cattle ticks, Boophilus microplus, were collected to observed the influence of their body development on their eggs fertility under laboratory conditions (22°-32°C and 84-92% relative humidity) . The regression analysis result shown that as the body developed, eggs production and eggs fertility increased, but there was no correlation between ticks weight and the incubation periode . The relation between ticks weight and eggs production was shown as Y = -309 .433 + 13 .868X and r = 98 .5 % whereas the influence of ticks body development on eggs fertility was shown as Y = 8 .224 + 0 .338X, r = 92 .0% and the incubation periode was about 21-26 days . The fertile eggs begin to be produced by ticks with body weight of about 35-49 mg and fertility 28.39%. Key words: Cattle ticks, Boophilus microplus, eggs production, eggs fertility